Modern Greeks were created.

[Slayer]

I know many Skops browse this site so I would like them to have a look at the list of names below, see when they were born or when they served and tell me if these guys were manufactured after the Greek war of independance.

Ottoman Walis (governors) of Athens :
1759 – 17.. Tzistorakis

Leaders of the Rebellion in Laconia (Mystras)
9 Mar 1770 - Jun 1770 Antonios Psaros
(Head of Local government of Mystras)
1770 - Jun 1770 Nikolaos Fortounis
(Head of Local government of Elea [Gastouni])

21 Mar 1821 - 6 Feb 1833 Greek Revolutionary Authorities
- Conservancy of Karytaena (in Arcadia) -
(from 26 May 1821, under Senate of Peloponnes)
21 Mar 1821 - 26 May 1821 Kanellos Deligiannis
- Municipality of Elea (in Gastouni-Elea) -
(from 26 May 1821, under Senate of Peloponnes)
26 Mar 1821 - 26 May 1821 George Sissinis
- Consulate of Argos -
(from 26 May 1821, under Senate of Peloponnes)
28 Mar 1821 - 26 May 1821 Stamatellos Antonopoulos
- Chancellery of Argos -
(from 26 May 1821, under Senate of Peloponnes)
9 Apr 1821 - 26 May 1821 Nikolaos Spiliotopoulos
- General Conservancy of Trifyllia (between Arcadia and Messinia) -
(from 26 May 1821, under Senate of Peloponnes)
24 Mar 1821 - 26 May 1821 Amvrosios Frantzis
- Senate of Messinia -
(from 26 May 1821 under Senate of Peloponnes)
23 Mar 1821 - 26 May 1821 Petrombeys Mavromichalis
- Committee of Achaea -
(from 26 May 1821, under Senate of Peloponnes)
24 Mar 1821 - 26 May 1821 Germanos Bishop of Old Patras
- Parliament of Thessaly-Magnesia (Pilion [the mountain of Magnesia]) -
May 1821 Anthimos Gazis
7 May 1821 - 9 May 1821 Kyriakos Basdekis
9 May 1821 - May 1821 Kontonikos
May 1821 (days) Panagis Basdekis
May 1821 - May 1821 Thomas Anagiannis
May 1821 Ioannis Anastasiou
- Senate of Peloponnes -
26 May 1821 - 12 Jun 1821 Theodoritos Bishop of Vresthena
12 Jun 1821 - 15 Jan 1822 Dimitrios Ypsilandis
- Senate of West Greece -
Nov 1821 - 1 Mar 1823 Alexandros Nikolaou Mavrokordatos (b. 1791 - d. 1865)
- General Conservancy of Athos (Macedonia-Athos) -
17 May 1821 - Dec 1821 Emmanouel Pappas
- Island of Thera (Santorini) -
5 May 1821 - 18.. Evangelos Matzarakis
+ Bishop Zacharias Kyriakos
- Euboea (Negroponte) -
(from 15 Nov 1821, under Senate of East Greece)
May 1821 - 27 May 1821 Nikolaos Tomaras
27 May 1821 (days) Veroussis
May 1821 (days) Nikolaos Tomaras
Jun 1821 Alexander Kriezis
Jun 1821 - 15 Nov 1821 Angelos Govginas
- Athens -
(from 15 Nov 1821, under Senate of East Greece)
25 Apr 1821 - 8 Jun 1821 Dimos Antoniou
8 Jun 1821 - 29 Jun 1821 Meletis Vassileiou (interim)
+ George Negas (interim)
29 Jun 1821 - Oct 1821 Liveris Livieropoulos
Oct 1821 - Nov 1821 Panagiotis Ktenas (1st time)
Nov 1821 - 1821 Ilias Mavromichalis
1821 - Jan 1822 Panagiotis Ktenas (2nd time)
25 Apr 1821 - Jan 1822 Bishop Dionysios
(Provisional Local Authority of Athens)
- Poros -
(from 15 Nov 1821, under Senate of East Greece)
Apr 1821 - 15 Jan 1822 George Mertikas
+ Christodoulos Mertikas
+ George Kriezis
- Aegina -
(from 15 Nov 1821, under Senate of East Greece)
Apr 1821 - 15 Jan 1822 George Markellos
+ George Logiotatides
- Salamis -
(from 15 Nov 1821, under Senate of East Greece)
Apr 1821 - 15 Jan 1822 Gregory
- Consulate of East Greece (Levadea) -
(from 15 Nov 1821, under Senate of East Greece)
1 Apr 1821 - 15 Nov 1821 Consuls
- Lambros Nakos
- Ioannis Logothetis
- Ioannis Filon
- Senate of East Greece (Areios Pagos) -
15 Nov 1821 - 1 Mar 1823 14 Annual members
(presidency rotated every 52 days)
- Theodor Negris
- Ioannis Filonos
- Vasileios Kalkos
- Rigas Kontorigas
- Panagiotis Kondylis
- Neofytos Bishop of Atalanta
- George Aenian
- Konstantin Sakellion
- Ioannis Skandalidis
- Anthimos Gazis
- Drosos Mansolas
- Panayiotis Sapountzis
- Ioannis Eirinaeos
- Konstantin Ioannou
- Panagiotis Konolis
- Anagnostis Kondylis
- K. Tassikas
Presidents of the Executive
13 Jan 1822 - 10 May 1823 Alexandros Nikolaou Mavrokordatos (s.a.)
10 May 1823 - 31 Dec 1823 Petros Iliou Mavromichalis (b. 1765 - d. 1848)
"Petrompeis"
31 Dec 1823 - 26 Apr 1826 Georgios Andreou Koundouriotis (b. 1782 - d. 1858)
President of the Government Commission
26 Apr 1826 - 14 Apr 1827 Andreas Asimakou Zaimis (b. 1791 - d. 1840)
Governors
15 Apr 1827 - 24 Jan 1828 Acting Government Commission
- Georgios Petrou Mavromichalis (b. 1800 - d. 1831)
- Ioannis Nikolaou Nakos "Ioannoulis"
- Ioannis Marki Milaitis
24 Jan 1828 - 9 Oct 1831 Ioannis Antoniou Kapodistrias (b. 1776 - d. 1831)
(Giovanni Antonio Capo d'Istria)
Apr 1830 - May 1830 John Mavromichalis
(in rebellion in Laconia)
Jan 1831 - Jan 1831 Konstantin Mavromichalis
(in rebellion in Laconia-Maina)
1831 Elias Katsakos (in rebellion)
9 Oct 1831 - 8 Apr 1832 Avgoustinos Kapodistrias (b. 1778 - d. 1857)
(president of the Provisional Government
Commission to 20 Dec 1831)
8 Apr 1832 - 14 Apr 1832 Government Commission
- Ioannis Kolettis (b. 1774 - d. 1847)
- Theodoros Konstantinou (b. 1770 - d. 1843)
Kolokotoris
- Andreas Asimakou Zaimis (s.a.)
- Andreas Metaxas (b. 1790 - d. 1860)
- Dimitrios Boundouris
14 Apr 1832 - 3 Oct 1832 Government Commission
- Georgios Andreou Koundouriotis (s.a.)
(chairman from 22 Apr 1832)
- Dimitrios Knostantinou Ipsilandis(b. 1793 - d. 1832)
(to 5 Aug 1832)
- Ioannis Kolettis (s.a.)
- Spiridon Ioannou Trikoupis (b. 1788 - d. 1873)
- Andreas Asimakou Zaimis (s.a.)
(from 18 Aug 1832)
- Andreas Metaxas (s.a.)
(from 18 Aug 1832)
- Dimitrios Koliou Plapoutas (b. 1786 - d. 1864)
3 Oct 1832 - 6 Feb 1833 Government Commission
- Ionnis Kolettis (s.a.)
- Andreas Asimakou Zamis (s.a.)
- .....
Kings¹
6 Feb 1833 - 23 Oct 1862 Othon I (Otto I) (b. 1815 - d. 1867)
18 Feb 1833 - 1 Jun 1835 Josef Ludwig Graf Armansperg (b. 1787 - d. 1853)
(chairman Council of Regency)
23 Oct 1862 - 30 Jan 1863 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (b. 1802 - d. 1878)
(president of Provisional Government)
30 Jan 1863 - 30 Oct 1863 Triumvirate²
- Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
- Konstantinos Michail Kanaris (b. 1790 - d. 1877)
- Benizelos Athanasiou Rouphos (b. 1795 - d. 1868)


General Secretaries
1 Feb 1828 - Feb 1829 Spiridon Ioannou Trikoupis (s.a.)
17 Feb 1829 - 9 Oct 1831 Nikolaos Spiliadis (b. 1785 - d. 1867)




17 Sep 1847 - 19 Mar 1848 Kitsos Photou Tzavelas (b. 1801 - d. 1855)

24 Dec 1849 - 28 May 1854 Antonios Georgiou Kriezis (b. 1796 - d. 1865)

25 Nov 1857 - 7 Jun 1862 Athanasios Andreou Miaoulis (b. 1815 - d. 1867)
7 Jun 1862 - 23 Oct 1862 Gennaios Theodorou Kolokotronis (b. 1803 - d. 1868)

21 Feb 1863 - 24 Feb 1863 Aristidis Moraitinis (1st time) (b. 1806 - d. 1875)
(acting)
24 Feb 1863 - 9 Apr 1863 Zinovios I. Valvis (1st time) (b. 1800 - d. 1886)
9 Apr 1863 - 10 May 1863 Diomidis Kiriakos (1st time) (b. 1811 - d. 1869)
(aka Diomidis Anastasiou Diomidis-Kiriakos)

14 Mar 1865 - 1 Nov 1865 Alexandros Koumoundouros (1st time)(b. 1817 - d. 1883)

Maina
1453 Morea part of Ottoman Empire.
1771 Autonomy granted.
1821 Part of Greece.

Beys
1771 - 1773 Tzannetos Koutipharis (d. 1779)
1774 - 1782 Michail Troupakis (d. 1782)
1782 - 1798 Tzannetos Grigorakis-Kapetanakis (b. 1742 - d. 1813)
1798 - 1802 Panagiotis Koumoundourakis
1803 - 1810 Antonios Grigorakis (b. 1757 - d. 1821)
1811 - 1812 Konstantinos Zervakos
1812 - 1815 Theodoros Grigorakis (d. 1819)
1815 - 1821 Petros Mavromichalis (b. 1773 - d. 1848)


Hydra (Idhra, Ydra)
1802 Island is semi-autonomous within the Ottoman Empire.
12 Jul 1821 Part of Greek independence rebellion against Ottoman rule.
15 Nov 1821 Subordinated to the Senate of East Greece (see under Greece).
24 Jan 1822 Incorporated into Greece (autonomous to Dec 1829).
May 1831 - Feb 1832 In rebellion.

Governors
27 Dec 1802 - 1807 George Voulgaris (1st time)
1807 - 24 Jun 1807 Oligarchic Council
[membership unavailable]
24 Jun 1807 - 1808 Andreas Miaoulis
1808 - 1811 George Voulgaris (2nd time)
1811 - 23 Aug 1812 Oligarchic Council (12 members)
- George Voulgaris
- Nikolaos Tompazis
- Lazaros Koundouriotis
- Demetrius Kriezis
- Demetrius Tsamados
- et al.
23 Aug 1812 - 28 Mar 1821 Nikolaos Kokovilas
28 Mar 1821 - 12 May 1821 Anthony Oikonomou

2 Apr 1800 - 24 Nov 1803 Spiridon Georgios Theotokis (b. 1722 - d. 1803)
24 Nov 1803 - 31 Aug 1807 Count Antonios Komoutos (1st time) (b. 1748 - d. 1833)
1807 - 1814 Emmanouil Spiridonou Theotokis (b. 1777 - d. 1837)
(1st time)
(from 1812, Baron Emmanouil Theotokis)
1814 - 1816 Sordina
1816 - 1818 Baron Emmanouil Spiridonou Theotokis (s.a.)
(2nd time)
(president of the Constituent Senate to Jan 1818)
1818 - 1833 Count Antonios Komoutos (2nd time) (s.a.)
1833 - 1837 Spiridon Voulgaris
1837 - 1839 ....
1839 - 1842 Petros Petritsopoulos
1842 - 1844 Count Dimitrios Delladetsimas (b. 1783 - d. 1844)
1844 - 1850 Spiridon Stephanou Phokas (b. 1786 - d. 1866)
1850 - 1852 Spiridon Damaskinos (b. 1785 - d. 1860)
1852 Count Dimitrios Nikolaou Solomos (b. 1785 - d. 1883)
Mar 1852 - 1857 Dionisios Georgiou Kandianos Romas (b. 1796 - d. 1867)
Feb 1857 - 1862 Alexandros Damaskinos
18 Feb 1862 - 1 Jun 1864 Count Dimitrios Nikolaou Karousos (b. 1799 - d. 1873)


1799 - 1807 Antonios Martinegos (b. 1754 - d. 1836)


15 Jan 1771 - 1772 Anthony Psaros (1st time)


Jan 1833 - 1850 Stephanos Vogoridis (b. 1774 - d. 1869)
1850 - 1854 Alexandros Kallimachis
Apr 1854 - 1859 Ioannis Dimitrou Ghikas (b. 1817 - d. 1897)
1859 - 1866 Miltiadis Stavraki Aristarchis (b. 1809 - d. 1893)
1866 - 1873 Pavlos Mousouros (b. 1810 - d. 1876)
1873 Georgios Georgiadis (1st time)(acting)
1873 - 1874 Konstantinos Adosidis (1st time) (b. 1818 - d. 1895)


c.1800 - 1814 Xatzigiannis Mexis
1814 Bolokinis
1814 - 12 Jul 1821 Georgois Panou
+ Georgios Boukouris

Note I have only included Greeks who were part of the Greek Revolution but pre-date 1821 either by their birth or by their period of governance. for any skop who wants links, look them up yourself, these people were real, they lived, had important roles in Modern greece and they have Greek names!


But Greeks did not exist until they were created by the Great powers in the Greek war of independance..is that so my Skopian friend.

Historically, the presence of Greeks on British soil goes back thousands of years. The first Greek to come to our shores (and to write about it) was Phyteas in the 4th century BC. He didn’t stay for long, but he was the first one in a long line of Greek visitors to Britain over the centuries.

The first real Greek immigrants arrived in London around 1670. There were only about 100 of them. They were fleeing the Ottoman Empire and its persecution of the Greek Orthodox Church. Upon their arrival, they asked permission to set up a church in London and subsequently founded the first Greek Church in Britain in what is now Soho. If ever you asked yourself how Greek Street got its name, well, there’s your answer.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/..._feature.shtml


Greeks in Australia

According to the oral tradition, the first Greek that came to Australia was Damianos Gikas, that was transported to the Sydney as a convict in 1802. It is said that Gikas was a captain from Hydra, was arrested unfairly as pirate by an english vessel and was condemned in exile to Australia.However, this history cannot be confirmed with certainty, while there isn't any proof in the files of Australia or Greece.It appears however that this history emanated from the real history of the first Greeks in Australia.These first Greeks that landed in Australia were seven young men from Hydra, that arrived there in 1828, condemned as pirates from the English Justice. According to the historical sources, five of them were repatriated in 1836, showing that they were rather patriots than common pirates.

Unless they were kids they were born before 1821.

http://www.hellenism.net/cgi-bin/dis...tml?s=49&a=172

The Greek Orthodox Cathedral of Saint George in Venice, known as San Giorgio dei Greci, is the oldest and historically the most important church of the Orthodox Diaspora. It has been for centuries one of the most splendid Orthodox temples in the world.

The Cathedral of St.George was built with the contributions of the Greek Orthodox faithful residing in and travelling through Venice. The building permit for construction was issued only after repeated attempts and hard struggle. In obtaining the permit, two classes of Greeks immigrants played a key role: the Greek soldiers serving in the Venetian army and the Greek intellectuals. The building phase began in the year 1539 and was completed in 1573 at a total cost of 15.000 gold ducats.

http://www.ortodossia.it/catt-gioe.html

The Greek presence in London can be first discerned as far back as the early years of the fifteenth century. Two brothers, Andronikos and Alexios Effomatos, described in the surviving documents as "Grekes", were recorded as living in the city in about the year 1440. They were from Constantinople, what is now Istanbul, but which then was the capital city of the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire. By 1440, Constantinople was a city under siege and only thirteen years later, in May 1453, it was captured by the armies of the Ottoman Turks. It is therefore likely the Effomatos brothers had probably come to London to seek a more secure life than could be offered by their home city.

In 1445, the king of England, Henry VI (1421-1471), granted the brothers permission to remain in London and to practise their trade of gold wire drawing. They made a costly type of thread in which thin strands of gold were intertwined with silk, and which was then used in expensive luxury fabrics and in sacerdotal vestments, a craft for which Constantinople had been famous in its heyday. Thanks to this royal grant, the brothers remained in London for many years. They lived first in the area of Cripplegate, much of which is now covered by the Barbican Centre, and later they moved to Broad Street, in what was then the Italian quarter of London. Andronikos, the elder, died in about 1472, but Alexios was still there in 1484, over forty years after his first arrival.

That set the pattern for Greek settlement over the next two hundred years. Some came as visitors for a short period. In about 1545, Nikandros Noukios of Corfu spent time in London and left an interesting account of his impressions. Nikodemos Metaxas, a printer by trade, worked in London for a time in the 1620s. Some came as refugees, seeking asylum or financial help as a result of misfortunes suffered under Ottoman rule. One of them was Gregorios Argyropoulos, the owner of an estate near Thessaloniki. When a Turkish soldier was accidentally killed on Argyropoulos' land, the Ottoman authorities held him responsible and forced him to flee overseas and eventually to London in 1633. A charitable collection was made for him in London churches, and he was presented with £48 before he departed the following year. A few individuals settled permanently, such as a native of Rhodes called Constantinos Benetos, who was recorded as living in Clerkenwell between 1530 and 1578. These visitors, refugees and occasional long- term residents did not, as yet, constitute a community. They were too few, too obscure and too transitory, and above all they lacked the one thing that would have given them cohesion and a common identity: a church where they could practise their Orthodox faith.

By the late seventeenth century, matters had changed somewhat. A number of Greeks now occupied prominent positions in London life. Constantinos Rodocanachi of Chios had become one of the physicians to King Charles II (163 I -I 685) (PI. 1). Georgios Constantinos of Skopelos had established the Grecian coffeehouse in Devereux court, just off the Strand, and could count Sir Isaac Newton and other members of the Royal Society among his clientele. Numbers had also increased. The expansion of Britain's overseas trade with the Levant brought many more merchant ships to the port of London, some of them crewed by Greeks. The time was therefore ripe to press for the establishment of a Greek Church.

http://www.stsophia.org.uk/greekcommunity.htm

History of the Greek Community
Since the time of Alexander the Great, Greeks have been living in Jerusalem. From ancient times until the present day, the size of the Greek Community has fluctuated from period to period, and from one political era to another.

During the 1920s and 1930s, the Greek Community of Jerusalem had reached a peak. The strengthening of the Greek Patriarchate in the Holy Land, and emigration from the mountains of Turkey in population exchanges, were contributing factors. During those years the Greek Community numbered over 7,000, and their contribution to the city of Jerusalem was great.

The Greeks of Jerusalem used to live adjacent to the monasteries owned by the Greek Patriarchate. At the end of the last century, a monk named Ephthimious bought 1,000 dunams in the Katamon area of Jerusalem. That land was slated for the establishment of the Greek Colony. The initial founders of this Greek Community implemented the idea. Many of the original buildings still stand today.

In 1902, the first cultural center was established in the heart of the Greek Colony. Known as “Lesky”, this center has been utilised to this day for meetings, social gatherings, the study of Greek Language, Greek dances, and cultural events.
http://www.yvelia.com/greekcommunity/index.htm

THE GREEK COMMUNITIES IN VENICE AND SOUTHERN ITALY.

By about 1478 the Greek population of Venice stood at some four thousand people, mainly concentrated in the Castello area of the city. This rapidly growing presence prompted Cardinal Bessarion to remark that Venice was 'almost another Byzantium'. In 1470 the Greeks were given a wing of the church of San Biagio in which to worship in their own language. In 1514 they received permission to build a church of their own and this was completed, as San Giorgio dei Greci, in 1573 (Geanakoplos, Greek Scholars, 35-7, 60; Nicol, Byzantium and Venice, 415-17). Many of these people appear to have found employment connected with Venice's position as a naval and mercantile power. They provided rowers for Venetian galleys, and carpenters for the Arsenal or shipyard. Between 1400 and 1442 a dynasty of Greek shipwrights dominated the Arsenal, designing galleys for both trade and war. Others, however, worked as tailors and gold wire drawers, or joined the Stradioti, a regiment in Venetian service recruited entirely from Greeks. An exception was Anna Notaras, a Byzantine noblewoman who had come to Venice before 1453 and who died there at an advanced age in 1507. Possessed of immense wealth, Notaras was financially independent and able to support many of her fellow Greeks in her household (Harris, Greek Emigres, 85-6, 180-1, 203; Nicol, Byzantium and Venice, 415-16). The Greek presence in Italy was not restricted to Venice. That in southern Italy had existed long before the fifteenth century. The area had been colonised by the Greeks in the eighth century BC, and an influx of refugees from the Arab and Slav invasions in the seventh century AD had reinforced the Greek-speaking element. The Byzantine empire had ruled parts of Southern Italy until 1071. The successes of the Turks in the Balkans, led many Greeks and Albanians to cross the Adriatic in search of safety. Many settled in the countryside but a recognisable Greek community had established itself in Naples by the end of the century (Harris, Greek Emigres, 27-9).

Thus the Greek emigres who reached Italy during the fifteenth century were by no means all scholars: they ranged from exiled royalty to carpenters and mercenaries. Yet there can be no doubt that some of them played an important part in spreading a knowledge of the classical Greek language and ancient Greek literature in Italy. There was a good reason for this: reading classical Greek and even composing in the same style were an integral part of Byzantine higher education. Whereas in the West secular education had tended to die out in the early Middle Ages, in Byzantium it was sustained. In each generation, those who took their education beyond the age of fourteen would be instructed in the works of the ancient Greek poets, historians, dramatists and philosophers. Thus any educated Byzantine in the imperial service would have had a knowledge of these works which would have been the envy of many educated Italians, who were now starting to take an interest in ancient Greek literature (Constantinides, 1-2). Manuel Chrysoloras arrived in Italy at the end of the fourteenth century. He came not as a teacher or a scholar, but as an envoy of the Byzantine emperor, charged with negotiating western assistance for the beleaguered empire. In 1391, however, while staying in Venice, he gave some lessons in Greek to a certain Roberto Rossi, who then passed an enthusiastic account of his teacher to Coluccio Salutati (1331-1406), the Chancellor of Florence. So impressed was Salutati that he decided to secure Chrysoloras's services, and in 1396 invited him to teach grammar and Greek literature at University of Florence. Chrysoloras only occupied this post between 1397 and 1400, but in that period had a tremendous effect. Among his pupils were numbered some of the foremost figures of the revival of Greek studies in renaissance Italy, including Guarino da Verona (1374-1460) and Pallas Strozzi (1372-1462). Chrysoloras was not the only one to receive such a welcome. When George Gemistos Plethon attended the Council of Florence in 1439, his lectures on the differences between the work of Plato and Aristotle were eagerly received and prompted the later comment of Marsilio Ficino (1433-99) that Plethon had brought the spirit of Plato from the Byzantine empire to Italy (Thompson, 78; Setton, 57-8; Brown, 389-90; Woodhouse, 171-88). The success of Chrysoloras and Plethon cannot have gone unnoticed by other members of the Byzantine ruling classes, eager to escape to the West, and others were soon following in his footsteps. John Argyropoulos, an official in the service of one of the rulers of the Byzantine Morea, was sent to Italy in 1456 on a diplomatic mission. He too was offered the chance to teach in Florence and he accepted with alacrity, remaining in Italy until his death in 1487. Other cities also attracted Byzantines to teach Greek: Theodore Gaza of Thessalonica taught at Ferrara, Naples and Rome, Demetrius Chalkondyles of Athens at Padua, Florence and Milan (Geanakoplos, Constantinople and the West, 72-87, 91-113; Geanakoplos, 'The discourse', 118-44; Harris, Greek Emigres, pp. 122-3). Of no less importance than the teaching activity of these individuals, however, were their translations from Greek into Latin. Early in the fifteenth century, Manuel Chrysoloras co-operated with Uberto Decembrio (d.1427) to produce a Latin version of Plato's Republic, and in Rome the process of translation was specifically encouraged by Popes Nicholas V (1447-55) and Sixtus IV (1471-84). Under papal patronage, George of Trebizond produced Latin versions of Plato's Laws and, together with Theodore Gaza, of a large part of the Aristotelian corpus. The availability of these texts in Latin opened them up to a much wider readership (Monfasani, Collectio, 698-754; Geanakoplos, Constantinople and the West, 79-82; Wilson, 76-8; Setton, 78-80).http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/late...arris-ren.html

Greek immigrants began arriving in Chicago in the 1840s. These were primarily seamen who came from New Orleans by way of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers and became engaged in commerce on the Great Lakes. Some returned to their homeland with glowing tales of the Midwest and returned with relatives and friends. Such networks would stimulate significant migration, however, only after the Great Fire of 1871. The community of approximately 1,000 in 1882 drew considerably, for example, on the recruitment activities of Christ Chakonas, who became known as the “Columbus of Sparta.” After coming to Chicago in 1873 he saw the moneymaking possibilities it offered and returned repeatedly to his native Sparta to recruit others. Many of these relatives and compatriots procured construction jobs in rebuilding the city. Others became food peddlers or merchants on Lake Street, then the city's business center. When news of their success reached their hometown, a new wave of Greeks, many from neighboring villages in the provinces of Laconia and Arcadia, followed, giving the small community on the Near North Side a distinctly Peloponnesian flavor. Chicago soon became the terminus for Greek immigrants to the United States and housed the largest Greek settlement in the nation until replaced by New York City after World War II.http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohisto...pages/548.html

The history of the immigration to Russia of elite Greek families is closely tied with Italy, especially after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. At that time many important families, among them the ruling dynasty, migrated to various Italian states. In many cases, we cannot determine the nationality of many of the immigrants from Italian states and colonies. Judging by the ease with which they were naturalized in Muscovy, it is probably the case that they were Orthodox Greeks. One of the well-known Boyar families in the 16th and 17th century were
the Khovrin-Golovins. According to a completely credible story, the founders of the Khovrin-Golvin clan was Stefan Vasil’evich and his son Grigory Khovra, who came to Moscow in the beginning of the 15th century from Sudak, a possession of the Genoese Republic in Crimea. The story names Stefan the ruling prince, but according to the opinions of researchers the founders of the family were wealthy Greek merchants-the “Syrozhskie gosti,” who had close ties with Muscovite princes already in the 14th century2. The considerable wealth of the Khovrin-Golovins is attested by their activity in the
Ivan III
construction of stone buildings and churches, one of which was the Uspenskii cathedral in the Kremlin.

The appearance in Moscow at the end of the 15th century of members of a number of Greek families is connected with the arrival from Rome in 1472 of the niece of the last Bzyantine emperor, Sofi Paleolog, who became the wife of Ivan III. At the head of her suite were the brothers Iurii and Dmitrii Trakhaniot, the progenitors of the famous Trakhaniotov family. This clan entered the highest circle of the Russian elite. The most famous of them was the son of Dmitrii, Iurii Dmitrievich Trakhaniotov, who, like the Khovrin-Golovins, served as treasurers and keepers of the seal to the grand prince, participated in diplomatic negotiations (sometimes with Greeks), and served as ambassadors to the Turkish sultan.

About 100 foreign families (not including Tatar elites) are recorded as entering Russian service in the 17th century. Among them, about 20 are of Greek origins. Their Greek heritage is sometimes mentioned directly in the documents or may be inferred from the very name of the family. These Greek families include the princes Makadonskiis, Milodarovs, and Filatdel’skiis. Others, though they traced their lineages to the Byzantine emperors, did not bear a title. These included the Kantakuzins and Paleologs. Sometimes originally Greek names seem to have been distorted in Russian sources, as we see in the cases of Dmitrii Albert, the Tovoidakovs and the Trendafils. Occasionally the sources identify people with Turkish names as Greeks who happened to live in Turkish regions, for example, the “Greek from Macedonia Miklai Zotov-son Maksmuselim” of 1622. Often immigrant Greeks assumed Russian names, making them indistinguishable from the mass of Russian servitors, as in the case of the Nikolaevs, Sergeevs and Iureevs. It should be noted that the members of these Greek families, having entered Muscovite service in the 17th century, did not succeed establishing themselves among the elite Russian lines. They did, however, enter court ranks directly above the upper elite, for example, the ranks of “striapchii” and “stol’niki.” named Kantakuzin in the 18th and 19th century seem to have come from another line of the clan which immigrated to Russia from the Balkans under Peter the Great.

One Greek name among the foreign nobles in Russia entered the history of Russian culture in the 17th century. This is the author of the first Russian treatise about geometry, Prince Ivan Elizar’evich Al’bertus-Dalmatskii.

Thus one can conclude that from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 17th century Greek and Italian immigrants played a significant role in Russian history and culture.

http://www.geneacademie.org/San_Marin/071-SM.pdf


Amd ofcourse my favourites.


Greek-Macedonian Scholars (15th-19th century)

Andronikos Kallistos (b.Thessaloniki, 1400 - d. London, 1486). He lived and studied in Constantinople. After its fall he went to Italy where he joined Vissarion. He taught in Bologna (1464), Rome (1469), Florence, Paris and London (1476). From there he began the systematic teaching of Greek literature in France. He communicated the principles of Aristotelian thought to many of his students, whose learning won them distinction in Europe. He possessed a large collection of Greek manuscripts.
Damaskinos (Stouditis) (b. Thessaloniki - d. 1577). A student of Th. Eleavoulkos in Constantinople. Bishop of Liti and Rendini (1564). Metropolitan of Nafpaktos and Arta. Patriarchal exarch of Aitolia.

Malachias Rizos (b. Thessaloniki). Abbot of a Unitist monastery near Palermo.

Dimitrios the Deacon (b. Thessaloniki). Student of Michail Ermodoros Listarchos from Constantinople. Multilingual. A monk in Egypt. Sent to Germany by the Ecumenical Patriarch Iosaph the Magnificent, to investigate the new heresy of Protestantism. He resided in Wittemberg for six months (1559). He made a great impression on Melangthonas, to whom he presented the Confessions of Augustine as a gift for the Patriarch.

Theofilos (b. Zichni, Serres, circa 1460-1470). A monk at Iveron Monastery. Copyist of many codices and probable founder of the monastery's fine library.

Ioannis Kottounios (b. Veroia, 1572 - d. Padua, 1657). Student at the Greek college of Ayios Athanasios in Rome (1605-1613). He studied medicine, Greek literature, theology and philosophy at Italian universities. He taught at the universities of Padua, Bologna and Pisa, where he became particularly well known. A student of the renowned Italian philosopher Cesare Cremonini and his successor to the chair of philosophy at Padua. In 1653 he founded the Kottounian Hellinomouseio (a boarding school for Greek boys). He was a friend of Mart. Krousios, Leon Allatios and other personalities of his time. An eminent scholar and commentator on the works of Aristotle.

Mitrofanis Kritopoulos (b. Veroia, 1589 - d. Wallachia, 1639). A monk on Mount Athos. He was a close associate of Kyrillos Loukaris. He studied in England and Germany. He traveled to Europe and mingled with the greatest scholars and theologians of his day. He made Orthodoxy known in the West and was particularly concerned with the problem of unifying the Orthodox Church with the churches of Western Europe. He taught Greek in Vienna (1627-1630). Elected patriarch of Alexandria (1636), where he put together an important library.

Kallinikos Manios (b. Veroia, 1624 - d. 1665). Student at the Greek College of Ayios Athanasios in Rome (1642-1647) and later at the Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide. He returned to Veroia where he was active in the field of education (1649) and was instrumental in the founding of the town's first school.

Konstantinos Kallokratos (b. Veroia, 1589). Student at the Greek College of Ayios Athanasios in Rome (1600-1610), where he studied philosophy and theology. He taught at a school in Calabria for Greek-speaking Albanians. His bosom friend was Leon Allatios. A brilliant man and a skilled poet.

Georgios (Grigorios) Kontaris (b. Servia). A monk, he studied Latin and Italian in Venice (1665), becoming a master of philosophy. School principal in Kozani (1668-1678). Later teacher in Servia. Elected metropolitan of Servia and Kozani (1673-), metropolitan of Athens and metropolitan of Smyrna (1690). He was the first to show interest in Ancient Greek history.

Anastasios Michail (b. Naousa - d. Russia, after 1722). General studies in Ioannina with G. Sougdouris as his teacher of rhetoric and philosophy. In 1702 he met with distinguished German theologians in Constantinople. He went to Halle and was later elected a member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He produced enlightening work for Christians and Greeks in Moscow, where he won renown for his theological and philosophical knowledge.

Georgios Parakeimenos (b. Kozani). He studied medicine and philosophy at Padua. Director of the Kozani school (1694-1707). Physician and preacher.

Sevastos Leontiadis (b. Kastoria, 1690 - d. 1765). Student of Anthrakitis in Siatista, Kastoria and Ioannina. Studies in Italy. Director of the Kastoria school (1726-1728). He taught in Kozani (1728-1733) and Moschopolis.

Dimitrios Karakasis (b. Siatista, 1734). He studied medicine, philosophy and mathematics at Halle, Saxony. Degree in medicine (1760). Physician in Vienna, Larisa, Siatista, Kozani, Bucharest. Taught in Siatista.

Manassis Iliadis (b. Meleniko, early 18th century - d. Bucharest, 1785). Studied medicine at Padua and Bologna, physics and mathematics in Germany and Italy. Physician in Bucharest. He taught philosophy and physics at the Bucharest Academy.

Michail Papageorgiou (b. Siatista, 1727 - d. Vienna, 1796). Studied philosophy in Ioannina under Eugenios Voulgaris. Studied philosophy and medicine in Germany. Taught in his birthplace, Selitsa, Meleniko, Vienna and Budapest.

Konstantinos Michail (b. Kastoria). A philosopher-physician and linguist, he spoke Greek, Latin, French and German. Student of Michail Papageorgiou. He left all his books to the schools of Kastoria.

Ioannis Emmanouil (b. Kastoria). Studied philosophy in Pest and Vienna.

Thomas Mandakasis (b. Kastoria, early 19th century). Studied medicine and philosophy at Leipzig. Degree in medicine (1758). Physician abroad. Director of the Kastoria school (1767-1770).

Dimitrios Darvaris (b. Kleisoura, 1754 - d. Vienna, 1823). He studied Latin, Greek and Slavonic in Budapest, Zemun and Bucharest; philosophy at Halle, Saxony. He taught Greek in Zemun.

Georgios Sakellarios (b. Kozani, 1765 - d. 1838). Student of Kallinikos Barkosis and Amphilohios Paraskevas. He studied German and French as well as philosophy in Hungary. He also studied medicine in Vienna and practiced medicine in Kozani, Naousa, Tsaritsani and Kastoria. He was chief physician at the court of Ali Pasha. He was an associate of Rigas Ferraios and Perraivos.

Michail Perdikaris (b. Kozani, 1766 - d. Monastir, 1828). Physician, scholar. He studied medicine and literature at Italian universities and in Vienna. Conservative, yet a true ideologue, he was a faithful student of Amphilohios Paraskevas and Harisios Megdanis. He taught in the Danubian principalities and practiced medicine in Epirus, Kozani, Thessaloniki, Monastir and elsewhere.

Michail Doukas (b. Siatista - d. Mount Athos). He studied philosophy in Vienna, where he was also a merchant.

Harisios Megdanis (b. Kozani, 1769 - d. 1823). A student of Amphilohios Paraskevas. He studied rhetoric, philosophy and mathematics at Livadi. A private tutor in Pest. He returned to Kozani and entered the priesthood. He taught in Kozani and other Macedonian towns. He also acted as both physician and preacher.

Grigorios Zaviras (b. Siatista, 1744 - d. Shabat Shalashi, Hungary, 1804). A student of Varkosis in Siatista. A merchant in Budapest. He founded a school for the Greek community in Kalocsa, Hungary, where he also taught. His wonderful library, which he donated to the Greek Church in Pest, has been preserved. A sage of his time, with a multitude of diverse interests and enormous intellectual powers.

Vasilios Papaefthymiou (b. Kostantziko). He taught at the Greek community's school in Vienna (1802-1804).

Athanasios Christopoulos (b. Kastoria, 1772 - d. Transylvania, 1847). He studied medicine, philosophy and law in Budapest and Padua. A student and friend of professor Lambros Fotiadis. Courtier of the prince Alexandros Mourouzis and judge in Wallachia, where he was the "Spokesman for foreign cases." He helped to draft the urban law code in Wallachia, which was also the first document of its kind in Modern Greek. Emissary of the 'Philiki Etaireia'. He lived in Greece from 1828 to 1836.

Grigorios Zalykis or Zalykoglous (b. Thessaloniki, 1777 - d. Paris, 1827). He studied Greek, Latin and French philosophy in Bucharest. A student of the famous teacher Lambros Fotiadis. He enthusiastically espoused the views of Korais. Secretary to Choiseul Goffier (from 1802). Co-founder of the "Greek Language Hotel" in Paris (an organization aimed at the liberation of Greece (1809), a forerunner of the 'Philiki Etaireia'). First Secretary at the Ottoman Embassy in Paris (1816-1820). When the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, he took refuge in Transylvania, Bessarabia and St. Petersburg under the wing of Tsar Alexander.

Eufronios Rafail Popovits (b. Kozani, 1774 - d. Iasio, 1853). He studied rhetoric, philosophy, physics, political science and economics in Hungary. He completed his studies in Vienna. He taught at the Greek schools in Pest, Vienna and Zemun and also engaged in journalistic activity in Vienna, where he edited the newspaper "News from Eastern Places" (2 July 1811-27 December 1811). He bequeathed his library to Kozani.

Georgios Rousiadis (b. Kozani, 1783 - d. Athens, 1854). A student of Amphilohios Paraskevas. He studied in Vienna. A teacher in the Greek community in Vienna and the Greek community in Pest. A member of the 'Philiki Etaireia', he took part in the Greek War of Independence. After the liberation, he lived in Western Europe. He returned to Athens in 1848.

Minas Minoidis (d. France). A student of Athanasios Parios. He taught rhetoric and philosophy in Serres and Thessaloniki. He also taught Ancient Greek language and literature in Paris. Interpreter at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Militantly opposed to Korais' ideas on the Language Question, he was his most severe and unfair critic. A fervent supporter of the fight for independence. He discovered the verse myths of Vavrios in a Mount Athos manuscript.

Athanasios Stageiritis Professor of Greek language at the Royal Academy in Vienna. A bitter opponent of Korais and supporter of Kodrinas on the Language Issue. Publisher of the fortnightly literary journal "Kalliope" in Vienna from 1819 to 1821; when the War of Independence broke out, he ceased publication, refusing to submit to pressures from the Ottoman government acting through the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/He.../B3.4.1.6.html





[

[Tsontos]

Of course we were invented. as was our language. a minority of modern "Greek" scholars went and uncovered a language from the old texts and from then on spread our language across the newly formed state made up of no-one really related to the Byzantines or ancients; only albanians, slavs and turks

this is well documented

[Amyntas]

very informative post Slayer, thanks for sharing

[Slayer]

Originally Posted by Giourkas

very informative post Slayer, thanks for sharing

Thanks giourkas.

All this information was found on the web. I`m sure there would be many more posts that could quite easily be added to the ones above.

My open question to the Skopiani is can they come up with comparible lists of "Macedonian" communities. It shouldn't be to hard as according to the
Skopiani:
a) Modern Greeks were manufactured
b) Macedonians have been there for 1000's of years
c) The ottoman empire occupied lands not only in Greece but far north of Greece as well, that incudes all the areas you claim as "Macedonian" and where "Macedonian people" lived for thousands of years.
d) If these non-existen greeks have a pattern of migration during the ottoman occupation then the real "Macedonians" would have done the same.

[Slayer]

The Greek Community in London (1500-1945)

Introduction
The Hellenic Institute acts as a forum to encourage and co-ordinate research into the history of the Greek presence in London across the centuries, from the few, rather obscure individuals of the Tudor and Stuart periods, to the wealthy and influential community of Victorian times and beyond.

Background
The Greek in London dates back to at least the early fifteenth century when Andronicus and Alexios Effomatos, two craftsmen from Constantinople, were granted permission by King Henry VI to remain in the city and to pursue their trade. In the centuries which followed Greeks were not uncommon visitors, whether as merchants, mariners, soldiers, diplomats or refugees. Most passed on after a short stay, but some settled permanently. Individual Greeks came to play an prominent role in London's economic and social life. A tailor from Crete, Peter de Mellan, supplied gowns to the Lord Chancellor, Thomas Cromwell (1485-1540), and Constantine Rhodocanaces of Chios became a physician in the service of King Charles II (1660-85). In the 1700s, the Grecian Coffee House, founded and owned by George Constantine from the island of Scopelos in the Northern Sporades, became a noted meeting place for scholars and politicians, numbering among its patrons two presidents of the Royal Society, Sir Isaac Newton and Dr Hans Sloane.

Most of the Greeks of London, however, were poor and obscure, mainly sailors who served on the merchant ships that plied between England and the eastern Mediterranean. In 1677 a church was opened for their use on the edge of the city in Soho, the site still being remembered in the name 'Greek Street'. This proved to be short-lived and from 1716 the only Orthodox place of worship in London was Russian embassy chapel which was situated in Exeter Exchange Court, off the Strand.

During the 1820s, the situation changed rapidly. The outbreak of the Greek war of independence triggered savage reprisals against the Greek population of the Ottoman empire by the Turkish authorities, forcing wealthy merchants from Constantinople and Chios to flee abroad. Many went to London where they re-established their businesses and came to dominate the Baltic trade. Foremost among these new arrivals was Pandias Stephen Rhallis (1793-1865) who emerged as the leader of the now burgeoning community. In 1837 a small Greek Orthodox chapel was established in a house at Finsbury Circus, followed by a purpose-built church in London wall in 1850. Finally in 1882, a splendid new church, St. Sophia, was constructed in Bayswater, later becoming the cathedral of the Orthodox archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain.

In the years after the inauguration of St. Sophia, many of the wealthier members of the Greek community became increasingly integrated into British society. Many been born in Britain and educated at public schools, particularly Harrow and Westminster. Some played a prominent role in public life. Pandeli Thomas Ralli (1845-1928) was MP for Bridport from 1875 to 1880, and Lucas Ralli (1846-1931), was created Baronet in 1912. Constantine Ionides (1833-1900) bequeathed his substantial art collection to the Victoria and Albert Museum, where most of the paintings, including works by Rembrandt, Degas, Delacroix, are now on public display. Emmanuel Rodokanachi (1855-1932) was a director of the Midland Bank. The history of the Greek community in London during the nineteenth century, therefore, presents a picture of steady progress from an obscure minority to a position of considerable wealth and influence.

Research Projects
At present, there are three projects in progress:

Jonathan Harris is investigating the period 1500-1800.

Quentin Russell is examining the period 1830-1914, with particular reference to the artists and art patrons of the 1890s.

Evangelia Georgitsoyanni (Harokopian University, Athens) is working on the life of Leonidas Arniotis (1862-1939), an Athenian theatre director. Arniotis spent the latter part of his life in London, where he owned a bookshop and Cafe in St. Giles's High Street. Dr Georgitsoyanni would be very pleased to hear from anyone who has any information on Arniotis, especially anyone who remembers him or visited his shop!

Further Reading
G.F. Bartle, 'The Greek boys at Borough Road during the War of Independence', Journal of Educational Administration and History 20 (1988), 1-11
P.A. Bezodis, 'The Greek church (later St. Mary's Crown Street) and St. Martin's Almshouses', in Survey of London, 44 vols. (London, 1900-94), xxxiii. 278-84
Robert Browning, 'Some early Greek visitors to England', Essays in Memory of Basil Laourdas (Thessaloniki, 1975), pp. 387-95
Timotheos Catsiyannis, The Greek Community of London (London, 1993)
Timotheos Catsiyannis, Pandias Stephen Rallis, 1793-1865 (London, 1986)
Stanley Chapman, Merchant Enterprise in Britain from the Industrial Revolution to World War I (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 153-61
Michael Constantinides, The Greek Orthodox Church in London (London, 1933)
T.E. Dowling and E.W. Fletcher, Hellenism in England (London, 1915)

Evangelia Georgitsoyanni, 'An unknown verse newspaper of the Greek diaspora', Analele Universitstii "Stefan Cel Mare" Suceava: Serie Filologie B. Literatura, 11 (2005), 45-64
Jonathan Harris, 'The Grecian Coffee House and political debate in London, 1688-1714', The London Journal 25 (2000), 1-13
Jonathan Harris, Greek Emigres in the West, 1400-1520 (Camberley, 1995)
Alan Haynes, 'Greek nationals in England 1400-1705', History Today 29 (1979), 179-87
Demetrius Mangreotis, 'The demographic history of the Greek mercantile community in London, 1837-1881', Historica 6 (1986), 349-68 (in Greek)
F.H. Marshall, 'An eastern patriarch's education in England', Journal of Hellenic Studies 46 (1926), 185-202
Steven Runciman, The Great Church in Captivity (Cambridge, 1968), pp. 289-319
A.B. Sackett, 'John Wesley and the Greek Orthodox bishop', Proceedings of the Wesley Historical Society 38 (1971-2), 81-7, 97-102
Treasured Offerings. The Legacy of the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sophia, London, ed. George Kakavas (Athens, 2002)
Michael Vickers, 'An Elizabethan contact with Greece', Journal of Ecclesiastical History 24 (1973), 51-8

Internet Links:

For more on the Greek community in London, see the Untold London website.

On the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St Sophia, London.

On the Ionides Collection in the Victoria and Albert Museum.

On the Greek community in Australia, visit the website of National Centre for Hellenic Studies and Research at Latrobe University in Melbourne.


For further information on the project please contact Dr Jonathan Harris, The Hellenic Institute, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX. Tel. 01784 414231; Fax 01784 433032



Last updated Tue, 20-Nov-2007 11:52 / HellenicInstitute-Webmaster

The Hellenic Institute, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX
Tel : +44 (0)1784 443086/443791/443311; Fax: +44 (0)1784 433032

http://www.rhul.ac.uk/Hellenic-Insti.../GreekComm.htm

[Slayer]

I think this needs to be moved to the Greek History section

[Xiotis]

Excellent post, Slayer.

The theory that Greeks were manufactured by Otto et al during the 19th century is nationalist bunk created by the pseudo historians mostly from the FYROMian diaspora. I suspect that this theory was created to replace the "sub-saharan" theory once it was debunked. Think about how their stupidity has shifted during the past 5-10 years: they went from promoting a theory which suggested that the Greek populace had a common "Sub-Saharan" origin to now promoting a theory that Greeks are collectively a brainwashed gaggle of ethnicities with NO common origin. When they were in the midst of advertising the "Greeks have a common Sub-Saharan origin" theory a few years back, before it was ridiculed by world reknown genetic researchers, did they not realize that Greeks were a gaggle of ethnicities with no common origin, as they now claim as an obvious fact? Their nationalist theories are a joke and only designed to take away from the fact that hardly anyone saw any "ethnic Macedonians" prior to the 20th century.

I really like the fact that you brought up Greeks in diaspora communities during centuries past. Where is all of the evidence of "ethnic Macedonians" forming diaspora communities around the European continent prior to the 19th century?

Just to add to your post: here is an engraving of a Greek church in Venice where Greeks formed a significant diaspora community starting in the 15th century. Outsiders were recording Greeks in diaspora communities centuries before a small group of intellectuals started to argue that a subset of the Slavs in the southern Balkans were not Bulgarians!:

[Amarantos]

The Greek Orthodox Cathedral of Saint George in Venice, known as San Giorgio dei Greci, is the oldest and historically the most important church of the Orthodox Diaspora. It has been for centuries one of the most splendid Orthodox temples in the world.

Above the main entrance the visitor sees a mosaic of Jesus Christ with an inscription composed by Michael Sofianos in 1564 :

"With the help of our Saviour Jesus Christ
and of the holy Martyr Saint George,
the Greek immigrants and those travelling through Venice,
with their own efforts built this Church,
so that they may worship God according to their ancestral tradition".

Gradually a whole Greek neighborhood took shape around the Church. The Flaginean College which sat next to the church, was for centuries (1662-1905) an ecclesiastical academy providing many regions of the Orthodox East under Ottoman rule with educated priests and teachers. The same building hosts since 1953 the Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Studies. Also, the oldest building of the Campo dei Greci hosted for centuries the Monastery of the Noble Greek Nuns in Venice (1601-1834) and its attendant Greek Girls' School. All these institutions, together with the famous Greek publishing houses in the neighborhood and the Cathedral of Saint George, formed a center of flourishing Greek Orthodox presence and activity in the Venetian lagoon.

Source with more info.

[Xiotis]

As has been shown in the posts above there was a large and influential Greek diaspora community in Italy during the past 500 years.

The following is a reference to Demetrius Chalcondyles who was a teacher at the University of Padua during the 1400's.

The new and unsupported FYROMian propaganda suggests that Greeks were manufactured during the 19th century, there was no concept of "Greece" prior to the 19th century, and that there were no Greeks that were conscious of any ancient Greek heritage prior to the 1800's.

In the following excerpt Chalcondyles laments about enslaved Greece, draws a connection between the contemporary Greeks and ancient Greece, and expresses a kinship between the Greeks in Italy and the Greeks in Greece. This destroys the FYROMian position.





And to reiterate Slayers point from above: where is the evidence of "ethnic Macedonian" diaspora communities throughout the centuries? According to the FYROMians they are one of the oldest ethnicities in Europe. Surely they can find volumes of evidence describing "ethnic Macedonians" around the European continent?

[Amyntas]

http://www.griechenhausleipzig.net/lpzgriechen.htm

In German and Greek about the oldest greek community in Germany (since 1700). Plenty of macedonian greeks were founding members of that community. One of the most famous members was a certain Mr. Karagiannis ancestor of the famous Herbert von Karajan!