NY TImes 2 Apr 1877 Socialistic Spectre of Europe

[Astoria]

Hey Guys,

I would like to share an article I've read and copy and paste it in here.
You will all enjoy this read. This is taken from various news articles.
Enjoy!!

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NY TImes 2Apr1877 Socialistic Spectre of Europe p4
There exist everywhere on the Continent large classes of men whos
eposition is almost that of the serfs and artisans of the Middle Ages; who
though no longer dependent personally on a master, are entirely dependent on capital, and who in a moment, by change in the currents of business and
production, may be plunged into abject misery.. To them property, as at
present divided, seems robbery, and commerce and manufacture a means of
enriching the capitalists and improving the laborers. THe half-educated
leaders of the masses take advantage of these feelings and prejudices.. In
Great Britain, where inequality of distribution of property is greatest, we
might reasonably expect to find most of Socialism.. profound disinclination
of the people to theoretic views, when applied to politics or social
life.. In France, though French peasantry are really now the most
conservative body in Europe as to property.. The two countries, however,
where these ideas of communism ferment with most peril to future stability
are Russia and Germany.. Socialism there is not a modern revolutionary and
foreign idea. It is simply an endeavor to return to the pure and ancient
Slavonic practice. It is in the highest degree patriotic and Russian in
character.. The Slavonic mir, or commune, is a "survival" of a fossil age
when all Europe lived in communities, and each German or British village
owned its lands iin common. The present agitation in the Muscovite Empire,
and throuout the Slavonic countries, is to restore the old - the Pan-Slavic
Commune. It has within it the aspiration of modern and radical Socialism -
the passion of race and reverence for the established and the historical
---
Pettifer, New Macedonia question, St Martin's 1999 ISBN0-312-22240-8
p3 [Elisabeth Barker,Reuters, BBC] The Macedonian question came into
being when in 1870 Russia successfully pressed Ottoman Turkey to allow
the formation of a separate Bulgarian Orthodox Church, or Exarchate,
with authority extending over parts of the Turkish province of
Macedonia.. Greek Patriarch in Constantinople declared the new
autocephalous Bulgarian Church to be schismatic.. not the result
planned by Russia in 187. What Russia wanted was to extend her own
influence in the Balkans through the Orthodox.. choice of Bulgaria or
Serbia as her chief instrument in this policy; Greece was of course
non-Slav and so less suitable
p4 , San Stefano Treaty of 1878by which Russia gave Bulgaria nearly all Slav Macedonoa. Nationalist Bulgarians blame the Treaty of Berlin,
in the same year, by which the great Powers took Macedonia away from
Bulgaria.. Mecedonia belong successively to the Roman Empire, the
Byzantine Empire, the medieval Bulgarian and Serbian Empires, and the
Ottoman Empire. Consequently its borders fluctuated.. bounded in the
north, by the hills north of Skopje and by the Shar Mountains; in the
east, by the Rila and Rhodope Mountains; in the south, by the Agean
coast around Salonika, by Mount Olympus, and by the Pindus mountainsl
in the west by Lakes Prespa and Ochrid [this is TURKISH Macedonia - in
fact the pre-conquest ancient Macedona was bounded entirely by the
Aliakmon and Erigon rivers, today entirely withing Greece]
p5 By far the most imporant town of this territory, in fact its
only wealthy city, is Salonika.. Until 1923, a bare majority of the
population of Macedonia was Slav.. grammatically akin to Bulgarian but
phonetically in some respects akin to Serbian
p6 Turkish census of 1905.. Greeks 648,962 / Bulgars 557,734 /
Serbs 167,602
p9 Article 10 of the Turkish decree of 1870 by which districts where
two-thirds of the population wished to join the Exarchate might do
so.. Although the bands were theoretically formed to struggle against
the Turks, the more often - Bulgarians, Greeks and Serbs - attacked
each other, and sometimes betrayed each other to the Turkish
athorities. THe Macedonian dispute was injected with a large dose of
venom by the Treaty of San Stefano in 1878, which Russia imposed on
Turkey after the Russo-Turkish war. This gave Bulgaria enormously
inflated frontiers which have haunted Bulgarian nationalist dreams
ever since.. nearly all Slav Macedonoa, including Vranje, Skopje,
Tetovo, Gostivar, the Black Drin, Debar, and lake Ochrid; a strip of
what is now southeast Albania, including Korca; and, in what is now
Greek Macedonia, Kastorian, Florina, Ostrovo, and a small strip of the
Agean coat west of Salonika. It was a startingly large gift to receive
even at Russia's hands; but before the year was out it was taken away
again by the other great Powers, who compelled Russia to abandon San
Stefano and to negotiate the Treaty of Berlin, which restored Macedona
to Turkey once again.. left Bulgaria with a burning grudge and
undamped ambitions
p10 From the early days of IMRO there were always two
trends.. wings.. with the Bulgarian War Office and the Bulgarian
Tsar.. other trend in IMRO was towards geuine autonomy or independence
for Macedonia. In the early days of the movement, this wing preached
brotherhood of all the peoples of Macedonia, not only Slavs, but also
Turks, Albanians and Greeks, and it tried to preserve a certain
independence.. Nevertheless Bulgaria was its main source.. August 1903
it came into the open in the 'Illinden' (St [Prophet] Elijah's Day)
rising aginst the Turkish.. ruthlesly crushed by the Turkish
p11 July the Young Turk revolution broke out, and attempts by the
great powers to intervene in Macedonia were dropped on the grounds
that the new rulers of Turkey were liberals.. 1912 came a
unique.. alliance, first that Russia had succeeded in temporarily
reconciling Bulgaria and Serbia, and then that Greece had found in
Venizelos an unusually enterprising and borad-minded
p12 Because the great Powers decided that Serbia must abandon the northern Albanian territory which she had occupied, Serbia demanded
more than her agreed share of Macedonia as compensation. Bulgaria
demanded her agreed share of Macedonia and also claimed the Greeks had
advanced too far.. [Seconf Balkan War] Bulgaria was badly defeted and,
by the Treaty of Bucharest of August 1913, managed to retain, of
Macedonia, only the middle Strum Valley, the upper Mesta Valley, and a
westward-jutting salient in the Strumica Valley.. When the First World
War broke out in 1914, it was clea that Bulgaria would eventually join
the side which offered her the largest share of Macedonia
p13 Bulgaria occupied the whole of Sebian Macedonia and the eastern
section of Greek Macedonia.. Thus at the end of the First World War,
Macedonia was partitioned into three. A resentful Bulgaria was left
with ony a small corner (6,789 square kilometers); while Yugslavia,
with 16,776 quare kilometers, and Greece, with 34,600
---
NY Times 24Feb1878 Russo-Turkish Treaty p1
London, Feb. 23 - Reuter's Constantinople dispatch says: "The Grand Duke
Nicholas and Safvat Pasha will meet to-morrow at San Stefano. The signing of the peace conditions will follow.".. The correspondent of the Times at
Vienna, who is believe to derive his information from the Austrian Foreign
Office, reiterates the statement that the Czar threatened to occupy
Constantinople, and rejected the Sultan's personal appeal to withdraw this
threat. "Nevertheless," the correspondent says, "Safvet Pasha still hesitates
to sign Gen. Ignatieff's conditions, which define the eastern and sothern
limits of Bulgaria to extend from a point east of Adrianople, southerly to
Dedeagatch, thence westerly along the Aegean Sea to Salonic, thence along the northern slopes of Mount Olympus to the pindus range, including Grevno,
Castoria, and monastir. THe conditions also, despite the denial of the
Agence_Russe, prescribe the expulsion practially of the entire Mussulman
population. The idea of the Sultan's withdrawal to Broussa is again mooted at
Constantinople
---
Columbia Hist World Harper 1972 ISBN 0-88029-004-8 [foreword by
Univ Prez Wm McGill] [incl Barzun, Shenton, Fritz Stern, Henry Graff,
Richard Hofstadter] p456-7 In 1342 the wealthy city of Thessalonike was seized by a
popular party, which proclaimed a program of social wlefare and
religious puritanism, massacred the upper classes, and established a
commune which maintained itself until 1350, thus isolating the city
from the rest of the empire... usurpation of John VI Cantacuzenus
against the legitimate heir John V Paleologus found regional support
which weakened still further the cohesion of the empire.. At various
points of his career, John Cantacuzenus owed his survival to the
support of the Serbian czar or the Ottoman sultan

[pankration]

As a history teacher I encourage my students to always search out primary sources and I am proud that so many members on this forum do just that. We can say what we want but the people who were there at the time reported what they saw and were not concerned with nation-building, historical revisionism or historical theft. Great work, levendi.

[admin]

Nice work Astoria,
welcome to the forums

[slavicwolf]

p5 By far the most imporant town of this territory, in fact its
only wealthy city, is Salonika.. Until 1923, a bare majority of the
population of Macedonia was Slav.. grammatically akin to Bulgarian but
phonetically in some respects akin to Serbian

just some confirmation to what i was saying a week or so ago, i doubt there were that many serbians and most of the slavs were bulgarians.

[Slayer]

Originally Posted by slavicwolf

p5 By far the most imporant town of this territory, in fact its
only wealthy city, is Salonika.. Until 1923, a bare majority of the
population of Macedonia was Slav.. grammatically akin to Bulgarian but
phonetically in some respects akin to Serbian

just some confirmation to what i was saying a week or so ago, i doubt there were that many serbians and most of the slavs were bulgarians.

And after 1500 years the Slavs were only able to become a bare majority in Macedonia..The indigenous Greeks were always present in large numbers.

[Truth Bearer]

Salonica had 3 times the numbers than the Bulgarians.Up until the turn of the century(1900's) there were only 8000 Bulgarians living in Salonika out of a population cleser to 100,000.Greeks were easily close to 25,000.

[slavicwolf]

i have never denied greek presence in solun but in the whole of egei macedonia bulgarians outnumbered the greeks.

[Mygdonia]

Don't know how many times you need to be disproved.
1919 Neuilly of Treaty 70,000 Bulgars.