LYNKESTAE, Some Basic History and Pics

[Vasiliye]

This is a recent book, which explores the life in Heraclea mainly via epigraphical finds: Greek and Latin.It certainly contains everything published in both FYROM and Yugoslavia for the last several decades.

Kalpakovska, Vesna., Ѓorѓievska, Anica., "Životot vo Heraclea Lyncestis preku
epigrafskite spomenici", Bitola 2003 (The Life in Heraclea Lyncestis via the epigraphic monuments)

Other books which extensively cover Heraclea Lyncestis, among other topics are:

ArheoloÅ¡ka karta na Republika Makedoniјa, tom I, MANU, Skopјe 1994
ArheoloÅ¡ka karta na Republika Makledoniјa, tom II, MANU, Skopјe 1994
(Archaeological Map of RM, vol I and II)
Mikulčić I., Antički gradovi vo Makedoniјa, Skopјe 1999 (Ancient Cities in Macedonia)
Sokolovska, V., Antička skulptura vo SR Makedoniјa, Skopјe 1987 (Ancient Sculpture in SRM)
Mikulcic, I., Pelagonija u svetlosti arheoloskih nalaza, Beograd 1966 (Pelagonia in the light of arcaheological finds)
Papazoglu F., Makedonski gradovi u Rimsko doba, Skopјe, 1957 (Macedonian cities in Roman times)

[makedon]

Originally Posted by Ehetlaios

makedon, got any more info on Lyncestis, bout the ancient period.

Throughout many works there a comments on it,
and Upper Macedonia, same area and related tribes.
Some of the most significant Greeks came from here
including Alexanders family, on both sides of the family,
the Ptolemies, etc.

N G L Hammond is most significant. He is MUST reading.
Most of his books are out of print, some complicated.
The Miracle That Was Macedonia Highly Recommended.
The miracle that was Macedonia by N. G. L. Hammond (Used, New, Out-of-Print) - Alibris
The Macedonian State is more detailed reading, Highly Recommended. Very Expensive.
Macedonian State: The Origins, Institutions, and History by Nicholas G Hammond (Used, New, Out-of-Print) - Alibris
Forget about the earlier editions with Walbank, 3 parts, 700 pages each and $300 each used.

Hammond is responsible for the Vergina finds.
He has many great books. Must reading.
He also fought in Greece and wrote a book on it.
Again must reading, understanding the civil war.
An incredible man, a true warrior poet, a Greek Hero,
he himself says that the Macedonians inspired him.

The Macedonian State, must reading for everyone here. The best book I own, worth the money.

[makedon]

Google Books looks promising. If anyone finds anything significant, please share.

Have a look.

Lynkestae, my spelling, in many books.
History of Greece. Volume 4 - Google Book Search

Upper Macedonia
Travels in Northern Greece. - Google Book Search

A History of Macedonia
By N. G. L. Hammond, F. W. Walbank
"upper macedonia"
A History of Macedonia - Google Book Search
These books are $300+ last I looked. 3 books.

Trebeniste, bronze age city, similar to Mycenae, it is in Albania.
Europe Before History - Google Book Search

The Cambridge Ancient History - Google Book Search

[makedon]

Nicholas Hammond

A distinguished classical scholar, he was parachuted into wartime Greece
to play a leading role in organising resistance groups.

Richard Clogg
Guardian

Thursday April 5, 2001

Guardian Unlimited | Archive Search

Nicholas Hammond, who has died aged 93, was a classical scholar of great distinction and prodigious output. Like that of a number of his classicist and archaeologist contemporaries, his knowledge of Greece, its modern language and topography were put to good service by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in occupied Greece during the second world war.

He won scholarships to Fettes College and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. After an outstanding performance in the classical tripos, he was elected a fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, at the age of 22. Summer vacations in the 1930s were spent in feats of walking that led to the unrivalled knowledge of the topography of northern Greece and southern Albania that was to stand him in such good stead during the war. His first-hand knowledge of Greece and its modern language (he also spoke Albanian) made him an obvious recruit for SOE.

When SOE first tried to send him into Greece in the summer of 1940, in the hope that he would be able to foment resistance in Italian-occupied Albania, he was denied entry by the suspicious Greek authorities. Once Greece had entered the war, their attitude changed, and he was allowed into the country in March 1941. On behalf of SOE, he taught sabotage techniques to Greeks, many of them communists, who were intended to act as the nucleus of post-occupation resistance groups. When the Germans invaded Greece in April 1941, he himself destroyed stockpiles of material of use to the enemy. He made the rendezvous with the caïque that was to evacuate him to Crete with only minutes to spare.

His SOE activities continued on Crete in the month before the German airborne attack on the island, one of his last acts being to blow up the ammunition dump that SOE had established on an island in Suda Bay. He had a narrow escape when two members of the crew of the caïque on which he withdrew to Egypt were killed in an air attack. On arrival in Alexandria, Hammond was invited to dinner by an admiral who sought, without success, to convince him that the Odyssey had been written by a woman.

Hammond's expertise in sabotage techniques was deployed to good effect at SOE's training school in Haifa, where Moshe Dayan was one of his pupils. After SOE's success, in collaboration with Greek resistance groups, in blowing up the Gorgopotamos railway viaduct in November 1942, the military authorities in the Middle East gave a high priority to subversion in Greece, and Hammond was parachuted into Thessaly in February 1943. He experienced a hard landing and was knocked unconscious. At 35, he was 10 or more years older than most British liaison officers, and one of the very few who was already married.

Among his many exploits was a perilous clandestine journey to Thessaloniki disguised as a Vlach shepherd visiting the big city. So effective was the heavily-moustachioed Hammond's disguise that he was asked for advice on cheese-making. Like many British liaison officers, he was frustrated by the amount of time he had to spend on politics and on trying to keep the peace between rival resistance groups, and his experiences led him to develop a marked antipathy towards the largest of these, the communist-controlled AM/ELAS.

In the summer of 1944, he temporarily assumed com mand of the Allied military mission to the Greek resistance. In this capacity he was responsible for handling the totally unexpected and precipitate arrival of a Soviet military mission in Greece. He established a good rapport with his Soviet opposite number, the enigmatic and reticent Colonel Grigorii Popov, at a series of "teas". At one of these, hosted by Popov and consisting of a saucer of sliced tomatoes washed down with bottles of whisky, vodka and Georgian brandy, with a demijohn of ouzo in reserve, all five colonels present - three Russian, one American and one British (Hammond himself) - passed out, but without any of them revealing anything of substance about their respective missions.

Venture Into Greece, Hammond's memoir of his wartime service - for which he was awarded the DSO and the Greek Order of the Phoenix - was written while he was recuperating in hospital after being evacuated from Greece in September 1944. It was not published until 1983, a time when Britain's wartime role was the subject of impassioned debate in Greece.

After the war, Hammond returned as senior tutor to Clare College, where he remained until 1954, when he became headmaster of Clifton College, Bristol. In 1962 he was appointed professor of Greek at Bristol University, a post which he held until his retirement in 1973. He subsequently held a number of appointments as visiting professor at American and Australian universities. He served both as president of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies and as chairman of the British School at Athens, and was elected a member of the British Academy in 1968.

As don, as schoolmaster and in retirement, he published at a rapid rate, focusing in particular on the history of ancient Macedonia and Epirus, his research being informed by his intimate knowledge of the topography of these regions. In 1993, he published a further volume on the Allied military mission and the resistance in Western Macedonia.

When the Yugoslav republic of Macedonia emerged as an independent state in 1991, Hammond became a popular figure in Greece when he backed Greek protests that the Macedonians had plundered a name, Macedonia, and a symbol, the 16-pointed Star of Vergina, to which Greece claimed exclusive title. His suggestion, however, that the new state be given the ancient name of Paeonia was never very realistic. He retained his interest in Greek affairs until the very end.

Three weeks before his death, he and three Cambridge colleagues drew attention in a letter to the press to the threat to the site of the battle of Marathon posed by Greek plans for the 2004 Olympics.

He is survived by his wife Margaret and their two sons and two daughters. Another daughter predeceased him.

• Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond, academic and resistance hero, born November 15 1907; died March 24 2001.

[makedon]

This is a great book, must reading. An Excerpt, understanding Upper Macedonia.

THE ARGAEO-TEMENIDS AND THE ORIGIN OF THE MACEDONIAN ROYAL HOUSE
Excerpt from "The Hellenism of the Ancient Macedonians"
Apostolos Dascalakis, Professor, University of Athens
(Institute for Balkan Studies, Thessalonike, 1965)

Royal House Origins


------------
Upper Macedonia is the home of the earliest Dorian Tribes. The Molossi included here, Dodona.
Even Herodotus tells us the Dorians are a Macedonian tribe, ie., both Heracledai.

complements above article,
" ‘Orestai’ describes mountain men and is a famous tribal name, with a connection to the Orestes region, plain and town. ‘Orestai’ and ‘Oreitai’ are similarly used to describe the people as mountain men and highlanders, having the same meaning as ‘maketai’.(12) Orestes is the homeland of the dominant Macedonian tribe from Upper Macedonia, the Argead tribe, led by the original King Perdiccas c.700 BC. The Argead dynasty produced King Philip and Megas Alexandros. "
NOTE
12 Hammond, Nicholas, The Macedonian State: The Origins Institutions and History. (Oxford,1989), p. 12-14.

[makedon]

Originally Posted by Vasiliye

This is a recent book, which explores the life in Heraclea mainly via epigraphical finds: Greek and Latin.It certainly contains everything published in both FYROM and Yugoslavia for the last several decades.

Thanks for the info.

I have never seen these, Robarts Library in Toronto
is one of the largest research libraries and
I have never come across not one of these.
I will try again for the most recent.

Do you have any handy links, most of the stuff on the net
that I can find is crap.

Crummy pictures.
makedonija.name :: heraklea lynkestis

I had some good links to bronze age finds, they are dead now. Like Trebeniste and some site in Bulgaria, even FYROM.

[makedon]

Nobody has anything to contribute on Lynkos ?

The significance of Heraclea Lynkestae alone is extraordinary, and it alone destroys "skop" arguments,
one of the most significant cities Phillip built on the Ancient World's most significant of roads.
Image:Via Egnatia-en.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Vasiliye contributed some titles of which I have zero knowledge of, I will look into them.

Anyone have any good websites handy ?
I couldn't find anything good.

[Ptolemy]

Originally Posted by makedon

Nobody has anything to contribute on Lynkos ?

The significance of Heraclea Lynkestae alone is extraordinary, and it alone destroys "skop" arguments,
one of the most significant cities Phillip built on the Ancient World's most significant of roads.

Herakleia was the only city of Lynkos who possessed not only an Assembly wich convened in the theatre of the city but also a council. Herakleia itself had been founded on the very frontiers of Macedonia, like the other Macedonian cities having the same name.This is wh the Via Egnatia is said to pass "äéá Çñáêëåßáò êáé ËõãêçóôþÃ*" as seperate entities and the city itself in the ancient sources is called 'Çñáêëåßá ç ðñïò ËýãêïÃ*' instead of 'Ã¥Ã* Ëýãêù'.

As to the Upper Macedonia issue, the Mountaineers Macedonians were ethnically, economically, socially, culturally and politically more akin to the Epeirotes rather to the lower Macedonians.

Relations between Upper and Lower Macedonia | History Of Macedonia

[Cadmus]

Ptolemy weren't they Lyncestians a subtribe of the Mollosians? i thought i read that somewhere?

[Ptolemy]

Hecataeus calls them 'Molossian Ethne' but in reality the ethne of Upper Macedonia were distinguished from Epirus only by nuances. Even in the linguistic field they shared the same dialect.