Post what happened today in Hellinic history

March 17 1821

Petrobey Mauromixalis declared the beginning of the revolution in Aeropolis


March 17 1913

The Treaty of London is signed and the end of the 1st Balkan War is declared.




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March 18 1913

King George I, dies after being shot in the back while taking a walk in Thessaloniki by Alexander Schinas.
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March 18 1936

The great visionary leader Eleftherios Venizelos dies in Paris in the Hotel Ritz at the age of 71.
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March 18 1996

Odysseas Elytis Literature Nobel prize winner dies.

One of his many masterpieces.

Όμορφη και παράξενη πατρίδα
ωσάν αυτή που μου ‘λαχε δεν είδα

Ρίχνει να πιάσει ψάρια, πιάνει φτερωτά
Στήνει στην γη καράβι, κήπο στα νερά
Κλαίει φιλεί το χώμα, ξενιτεύεται
Μένει στους πέντε δρόμους, αντρειεύεται

Όμορφη και παράξενη...

Kάνει να πάρει πέτρα, τηνε παρατά
Κάνει να την σκαλίσει, βγάνει θάματα
Μπαίνει σ’ ένα βαρκάκι, πιάνει ωκεανούς
Ξεσηκωμούς γυρεύει, θέλει τύραννους

Όμορφη και παράξενη...



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March 18 1821
-After a conference held in the monastery of the Agia Lavra under the presidency of the Bishop Germanos of Patras, the war-lords and notables there present take an oath and declare the beginning of the Greek Revolution.

http://www.myriobiblos.gr/museum/gallery/1821/1821_pinakes/1.jpg
The oath in Agia Lavra,Theodoros Vryzakis.

-Greek fighters under Sotiris Charalambis and the Petmezas family attack the troops of Arnavutoglu, the Turkish commander of Kalavryta, in the region of Paliopyrgos.This is the first Revolutionary action in Southern Greece.

March 18 1844
King Othon is put under oath of faith to the Constitution.On the same day the government votes an election law according to which all persons have the right to vote.Women and those with no mobile or immobile property are excluded.

March 18 1863
The second Greek National Assemby acclaims George A as the constitutional King of the Greeks.
"Η εν Αθήναις Β΄ των Ελλήνων Εθνοσυνέλευσις ψηφίζει.
Άρθρον 1: Αναγορεύει παμψηφεί τον πρίγκιπα της Δανίας Χριστιανόν, Γουλιέλμον, Φερδινάνδον, Αδόλφον, Γεώργιον, δευτερότοκον υιόν του πρίγκιπος Χριστιανού της Δανίας, συνταγματικόν βασιλέα των Ελλήνων υπό το όνομα Γεώργιος Α΄ Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων..."

March 18 1919
After the adverse turn of Allied operations in southern Russia, an operation is carried out to save the Greek population of Odessa by providing it with steamship transportation to the Greek ports.

March 18 1926
The founding decree of the Academy of Athens, the creation of which is owed to an initiative of the astronomy professor Dimitrios Eginitis, is published in the "Newspaper of the Government".

http://www.astro.noa.gr/History/images/iaa_hist_eginitis.jpg
Dimitrios Eginitis (1862-1934).

March 18 1936
Eleftherios Venizelos dies in Paris where he settled after the failure of the movement of March 1, 1935.

http://www.venizelos-foundation.gr/photos/092.jpg
The last photograph of Eleftherios Venizelos (http://www.venizelos-foundation.gr/) a few days before his death, March 1936.

March 18 1952
The EKSE Battalion defending Hill 199, west of the Imjin river in Korea, repulses an attack, by a Chinese regiment and inflicts serious casualties on the enemy.

March 18 1966
Archbishop Makarios asks from the government of Athens the replacement of general Grivas, head of the Greek-Cypriot forces, with general Gennimatas.

March 18 1996
Odysseas Elytis, winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Literature, dies in Athens.

http://img67.imageshack.us/img67/5241/elytisphoto32iv1.gif
Odysseas Elytis (Iraklio November 2, 1911- Athens March 18, 1996)

19 March 1205
The entire north-western part of Asia Minor comes under Latin domination after the defeat of the Byzantines in Adramyttium. Only the cities of Nicaea and Prousa remain after the rule of the Despot Theodoros Lascaris.

19 March 1827
Second part of the Third National Assembly in Troizina.

19 March 1919
The decision is taken to evacuate Odessa and to withdraw towards Bessarabia. This is accomplished by March 29. Units of Greek Division II assume the task to organize defensively the entire line.

19 March 1941
The power attack by the Italian 31st Infantry Regiment of the Siena Division against Hill 731 in Trebeshine mountain in Northern Epirus, is repulsed by elements of the Hellenic Army’s Division I, with heavy enemy casualties.

19 March 1964
At the first voting for the election of the President of the Parliament ( for this rank Georgios Papandreou had proposed G. Athanasiadis-Novas ) 33 deputies of the Centre Union party denied their vote to the candidate of their party. The Prime Minister declared "Εγίναμεν χλεύη των ηττημένων" - "We have become the scorn of the defeated" and proceeded to the deletion of I. Tsirimokos and S. Papapolitis.

19 March 1983
"Vradyni" publisher, Tzortzis Athanasiadis is murdered in his office by left-wing radicals.

20 March 1807
The Russian admiral Senyavin, who is based in the Aegean, joins with Greek ships in attacking Tenedos and forcing the surrender of the Turkish garrison in the fortress of the island.

20 March 1822
Colonel Baleste, French Philhellene of Corsican origin, lands in Loutro in Sphakia at the head of a unit of many Philhellenes with the goal of organizing and supporting the Cretan struggle.

20 March 1833
About 7.000 unarmed Cretans from the village of Mournies in Chania assemble and prepare a petition by which they ask for political autonomy. Mustafa Pasha, the military commander of Crete, sends cavalry (at the sufferance of the Great Powers) which disperses the crowd arresting fifty individuals, who will later be hanged.

20 March 1941
Mussolini admits defeat in Albania at a conference of Italian military leaders and presents a document of historical importance. Therein he accepts the failure of the "Primavera (= Spring) Offensive" of March 9-16, and puts the blame on the military officers and the state of the army.

20 March 1947
Yannis Zevgos, surrogate member of Political Office of the Central Committee of KKE, member of the international committee of research of UN for the Greek Civil war, is assassinated in Thessaloniki by an agent of Yugoslavian secret services from Bulkes camp.

http://www.hri.org/MPA/gr/other/emfilios/images/zeugos.jpg
Yannis Zevgos.

March 21 1821

According to legend Bishop Palaion Patron Germanos hoisted the 'Sacred Banner' at the monastery of Agia Lavra, that marked the beginning of the War of Independence. The successful siege of Kalavryta follows with the surrender of the Ottoman garrison .

March 23 1821


Petrobey Mauromixalis and 2000 Maniates capture Kalamata and he forms the Messinian Senate. In an attempt to gain support, Mauromixalis sends letters to all Christian countries asking for help.

21 March 1770
Russians led by L. Col. Peter Dolgokurov, and Maniots led by Benakis expell the Turks and capture Kyparissia.

21 March 1827
A Greek cavalry force under the command of Karaiskakis clashes with Kutachi’s forces near the Daphni monastery in Attica. The battle is inconclusive though costly for both sides.

23 March 1821
The city of Kalamata is being liberated from Ottoman rule.The Greeks are guided by Theodoros Kolokotronis,Papaflessas and Petros Mavromichalis.

23 March 1904
The "Chemical Laboratory of Ministry of Economics" that will later be renamed in "General Chemical laboratory of State" is founded .

23 March 1943
The archbishop of Athens Damaskinos and the chairmen of many professional organisations remonstrate with Prime Minister Konstantinos Logothetopoulos "in favour of the protection of Israelites of Greece".

March 24 1821

Captain Panourgias declares the revolution in Salona (Amfissa)

March 25 1821

Hellas begins its struggle for independance against the Ottomans


March 25 1924

Hellas is proclaimed a Republic

March 26 1821

Captain Panourgias and his men force the Ottomans to surrender at Salona (Amfissa).

:worshippy:read::clap2::thumbs: Bravo Paidia!

March 25 717
Leo III the Isaurian is crowned emperor in Hagia Sophia. The intensive efforts of the new emperor to strengthen the defence of Constantinople against the invading Arabs risulted successfull. An important factor in the victory of the Greeks was the use of the so called "liquid fire"(Υγρό Πυρ, igró pir)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/Greekfire-madridskylitzes1.jpg
Byzantine ship using "liquid fire".

March 25 1896
On March 25, 1896, (Old Calendar) or April 6th, 1896 (New Calendar) a triple celebration began in the Greek capital. The first Modern Olympic Games were underway, while the 75th anniversary of the Declaration of Greek Independence and Easter Monday were all celebrated at one and the same time. This sporting, national and religious coincidence made the Games an unprecedented success.

March 25 1938
Official openings of the first Greek radio station in the intermediate frequency waves. The studio is located in the Zappeion Hall.The aerial is made by the German company Telefunken.

March 28 1884
Angelos Sikelianos,poet and playwright,is born in Lefkada.Dies in Athens on 1951.
He is one of Greece's most important 20th-century lyric poets,he emphasized national history,religious symbolism,and universal harmony in poems such as "The Light-Shadowed", "Prologue to Life", "Mother of God", and "Delphic Utterance".His plays include "Sibylla", "Daedalus in Crete", "Christ in Rome", "The Death of Digenis" and "Asklepius".

March 28 1964
The Turkish government starts a wave of deportations against the Greeks of Constantinople, exploiting the climate of intensity that prevails in Cyprus. Above 10.000 Greeks will be forced to abandon Constantinople.

March 29 1821
Athanasios Diakos raises the flag of the Greek Revolution in the town of Livadeia.On 1 April 1821, after three days of vicious house-by-house fighting,the town falls to the Greeks.
Later,after the Alamana battle,severely wounded,Athanasios Diakos is taken before Vryonis,who offers to make him an officer in the Ottoman army if he converts from Christianity to Islam. Diakos refuses the offer.The next day he is impaled.His last words are... "Εγώ Γραικός γεννήθηκα, Γραικός θε να πεθάνω" ("I was Born a Greek, I Shall Die a Greek").
http://1gym-lamias.fth.sch.gr/poli-Diakos.files/Diakos.jpg
The statue of Diakos at his birthplace,the village of Ano-Moussounitsa that was later renamed Athanasios Diakos in his honour.

March 29 1985
Christos Sartzetakis (born 6 April, 1929 - Thessaloniki) is elected by the parliament as President of the Hellenic Republic for one 5-year term, succeeding Constantine Karamanlis.
http://www.sartzetakis.gr/

March 30 1822
Destruction of Chios from the Turkish troops.The Turkish massacre,which annihilated 5/6 of the 120,000 Greek inhabitants of the island,decimated the Mastichohoria,the mastic growing villages in the south of the island. It triggered enormous public outrage in Western Europe, as can be seen in the art of Delacroix, in the writing of Lord Byron and Victor Hugo.

March 30 1827
The National Assembly elects Ioannis Kapodistrias,with septennial term of office,as the first head of state of newly-liberated Greece, with the title of Kivernetis (Κυβερνήτης-Governor).

March 30 1841
The National Bank of Greece is founded.The first governor is Georgios Stavroy.

March 30 1844
Alexandros Mavrokordatos forms his third goverment.His government carries out the first parliamentary elections in the free Greek state.

March 30 1946
The town of Litochoro is attacked by left rebels.This attack is considered the first military action of the Greek Civil War.

March 31 1947
The Dodecanese is formally ceded to Greece.

March 31 1982
Vangelis(Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou,born on March 29 1943 in Volos)wins the Academy Award for Original Music Score,for the movie Chariots of Fire.

March 27 1821

Victorious battle in the straights Agios Athanasios of Mt. Lykaion. The Ottoman forces totally demolished.

March 29 1941


Italian forces off the shores of Peloponessos are intercepted by combined British and Australian Royal Navies in the battle of Cape Matapan.

March 30 1822

Turkish fleet arrives in Chios where over 40.000 Hellines are butchered, hanged, or tortured to death, over 50.000 enslaved and a mere 2000 managed to survive from a community that was once approx. 100.000.

One of the most well known paintings is that by Eugene Delacroix (1824) that depicts a Turkish officer on horseback attacking unarmed civilians.

http://www.humanitiesweb.org/gallery/16/2.jpg

April 1 1947

George II King of Hellas dies by heart attack in his palace in Athens

April 1 1081

Alex Komnenos becomes emperor after obtaining the throne through revolt.


April 1 1821

Turkish mob in Konstantinoupoli loot and burn to the ground the holy church of Zoodochos Pigi.



April 1 1955


EOKA begins its struggle for independence to free the island of Cyprus from British occupation.

April 3 1821

Turkish forces manage to capture the city of Patra where they burn it to the ground and massacre the inhabitants.

April 4 1913

The reserve Second Lieutenant Emmanouil Argyropoulos and the Chieftain Konstantinos Manos are shot down from the sky over Lagkadas, captured and slaughtered by Bulgarians.

April 5 623

Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians and forces them to abandon M.Asia

April 6 1822


The Pasha Abdoul with Jewish troops from Thessaloniki burn down 120 villages and the city of Naousa. Over 5000 massacred and 6000 women/children sold slaves.

April 6 1941

German troops begin their assault against the Metaxas line, the phase of Hellinic history known as the "Battle of the Forts" (Μαχη των Οχυρων).

During the "Battle of the Forts" (Μαχη των Οχυρων) 6-11 April 1941 the casualties on the Hellinic side were a mere 7 dead and 23 wounded while the German casualties reached 555 dead 2134 wounded and 170 missing in action (these numbers do not include officers).

April 6 648 BC

Archilochus makes reference to a total solar eclipse

April 7 1614

The great Hellinic artist Dominikos Theotokopoulos (El Greko) dies.



April 7 1770


4000 Maniantes and 2000 Maniatisses armed with sickles and axines defeat the Turk-Albanian troops in Almyros.


April 7 1823

M.Botsaris falls in battle in Karpenissi.


April 7 1824


Lod Byron dies from pneumonia in Messologi. The entire country mourns his death.





April 7 1941

During the "Battle of the Forts" (Μαχη των Οχυρων), after heroic resistance the two forts 'Kelkagia' and 'Istibey' fall.

April 8 1143

Death of John Komnenos II, his son Emmanouel Komnenos becomes emperor.


April 8 1821

John Duovouniotis raises the flag of the rebelion in Lamia. He Athanasios Diakos and other chieftains siege the fort of Mendenitsa where the Turks surrender.


April 8 1822


The battle of Kastelli, the Cretans are victorious.


April 8 1827

Kriezis, Sotiriou and Thegas burn 8 Turkish ships in the port of Volos


April 8 1854

Victorious battle against the Turk-Albanians on the outskirts of Trikala.


April 8 1917

Italian forces capture the province of Filliata


April 8 1941

During the "Battle of the Forts" (Μαχη των Οχυρων) the fort 'Nymphea' falls and German troops advance into Hellinic lands through the Yugoslavian borders.

2 April 971

Battle of our Emperor Ioannis Tsimiskis in the Bulgarian capital Preslava

2 April 1780

Occupation of fortress Passava by the souvereign of Mani Tzannetos Grigorakis where he slaughters Turk-Albanian troops.


2 April 1822

The rebels under the leadership of Nikitaras and Duovouniotis, capture Saint Marina and enter Stylida.

2 April 1943

Resignation of second occupation government, of which Prime Minister was professor o Logothetopoulos. The same day our submarine "Katsw'nis", sinks in the bay of Gythion after hitting a German mine.



2 April 1944

Mitilini is freed.

2 April 1956

Students of the High school and College of Pafos, chanting the National Anthem and the slogan of "Enosis", clash with powerful English forces.

9 April 1015

Emperor Vasileios B Voulgaroktonos (Bulgar Slayer) releases the fortress of Edessa which was held by Bulgarians.


9 April 1821

The Turks arrest and jail the notable population of Athens, result the city's tragic situation.


9 April 1825

Victory of our forces in Davcheia.


9 April 1897

After the declaration of our Hellinic-Turkish war our troops jump into battle, on the Metsovo border and clashes with the there situated Turkish army. The same day our troops abandon the sector of Nezerou and are placed in Dereli.


9 April 1941

The forts on the Hellinic-Bulgarian border continue the heroic defence. After the retreat of Yugoslavian defence the Germans pass the fortified locality and enter in Thessaloniki. The Forts are forced to interrupt the fight after. Germans under direct orders from Hitler congratulate the heroes that defended their country. In these exact same orders from Hitler, all Hellinic soldiers due to their heroic resistance are to be set free after they abandon their arms, in contrast to those captured in other countries that were driven to concentration camps.

10 April 1763

The Turks in Smyrna decapitate the neomartyr Dimos of Adrianoupoli.



10 April 1821


Boats from Spetses arrive in Psarra where they announce the beginning of the Revolution and decide to make their move to liberate the Anatolian beach. The Turks of fort of Amfissa surrender to Goura and his troops



10 April 1826


The guard of Mesologgi make their heroic exodus. Christos Kapsalis blows up the power-magazine which was in the windmill where had 600 ill, handicapped and women were hidden.



10 April 1919


Our XIII Division undertakes the defence of river Dneistros.



10 April 1941


The final forts of Rupel and Paliouriones surrender after hearing that Thessaloniki was captured and thei ammo had finished.

The Hellenic flag, which beyond any reasoning was still hoisted, was de-hoisted. At the same time the German General shook the hand of the fort Commander and stated:

"On behalf of the German Nation, I congratulate the heroic defenders of this fort, who shadowed the glory of Leonidas and Themistocles. Please pass these words to the officers and soldiers of the fort. Last night the Berlin and London radio stations chanted hymns for you."

Then, the fort Commander proudly answered:
"General, we did nothing but our duty as defenders of the motherland".
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The following table of soldiers and gun power, is from the book "Struggle of Eastern Makedonia and Western Thrace in 1941" published by the Hellinic Army's General Staff :



Ο Χ Υ Ρ Ο Ν ΑΞ/ΚΟΙ ΟΠΛΙΤ. ΣΥΝ. ΠΥΡ/ΛΑ=Α/Τ= Α/Α=Α/Α=ΟΛΜΟΙ=ΠΟΛ/ΛΑ-ΟΠΛ=ΒΟΜΒΙΔ.


Ποποτλίβιστα 12 277 289 2 = = 1 2 21 2 13
Ιστίμπεη 17 440 457 2 1 = 1 2 26 9 17
Κέλκαγια 7 236 243 = 1 = = = 18 11 13
Αρπαλούκι 13 354 367 1 = = 1 2 19 6 14
Παλιουριώνες 15 592 607 2 2 = 1 3 31 16 35
Ρούπελ 44 1353 1397 2 5 1 3 5 85 25 53
Καρατάς 28 783 811 3 = = 1 4 46 15 33
Κάλη 30 902 932 2 = = 1 3 51 23 28
Περσέκ 9 200 209 1 = = 1 2 12 2 11
Μπαμπαζώρα 22 695 717 2 = = 1 4 35 1 49
Μαλιάγκα 19 578 597 = = = = 2 42 8 26
Περιθώρι 7 249 256 = 3 = = 2 18 3 11 Παρταλούσκα 4 124 128 = 3 = = = 8 = =
Ντάσαβλη 4 83 87 = 2 = = = 5 = =
Λίσσε 12 457 469 3 3 = 3 2 22 11` 9
Πυραμιδοειδες 4 173 177 = 2 = = = 11 6 7 Καστίλλο 8 173 181 1 = = 1 = 10 = 3
Αγ.Νικόλαος 14 297 311 = = = 1 2 16 2 11
Μπαρτίσεβα 20 504 524 1` = = 1 4 27 4 28
Εχίνος 26 806 832 2 2 = `1 4 46 18 43
Νυμφαία 14 464 478 = 2 = 1 2 27 27 23
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Σύνολον 329 9740 10.069 24 26 1 19 45 576 189 427

11 April 1159

Our Emperor, Emmanouil Komnenos enters victoriously in Antiochea.


11 April 1453

Moameth II's Turkish fleet, anchors at Diplokionio which is on the European coast of Bosporus from where it attacks Konstantinoupoli


11 April 1821

Nikolaos Raptis attacks and defeats Turkish ships in the port Milos


11 April 1825

Miaoulis and Tsamados, capture in Souda, two ships that were transporting foods and provisions to Imprahim .


11 April 1897

Our 4th Brigade, which was defending the region of Delerion of Tyrnavos, due to an intense attack of the 5th and 6th Turkish Divisions was forced to retreat to the region of Ampelonas of Tyrnavos.


11 April 1914


The 'powers', lead by the Austro-Hungarians, edit notification, which required from Hellas to vacate Northern Epirus, between Kakavia and Delvino, that the the islands of Imbros, Tenedos and Kastellorizo are attributed to Turkey and finally, it achieves the voting of necessary law on the concession of island Sasonos to Albania.


11 April 1941

Our Forces uphold against intense German attacks in the region Vev'is - Kleidi in Florina

12 April 1820


Alexandros Ypsilantis becomes leader of the 'Filiki Etairia'


12 April 1826

The Bishop of Roges Joseph and the archbishop Gerakis Zaloggitis, fall at Windmill of Mesologgi. During the expedition to Kerystos the monk Ged.Roussos of Andros also falls heorically.


12 April 1897

Our Army is abridged in southern Larissa and sets up defence on the line Farssala-Velestino.

12 April 1907

After the act of treason our chieftain Panagiotis Fiotakis is murdered by Turko-Bulgars in Makedonia


12 April 1909

The Turks slaughter unarmed Hellinic populations residing in Adana.


12 April 1914

Our Army vacates Tepeleni, not a single soldier remains in Voreios Epiros.


12 April 1941

A sudden retreat of British forces leave our troops defending themselves alone in the district of Kozani, where it succesfully holds off the enemy. In the morning the area is evacuated.

13 April 814

Emperor Leon E' conducts an attack on a Bulgarian camp and exterminates an emense part of the Bulgarian army.


13 April 1204

The Crusaders of 4th Crusade sanctioned by pope Innocent III, under Baldwin of Flanders and Boniface, the Marquis of Monferrat occupy Konstantinoupoli. Three continuous days of vandalism and of every kind of attrocities are recorded.


13 April 1770

The governor of the fort of Rio in the region of Patra, the TurkAlbanian Moustafa All, launches an attck against the islands of Eptanisa, that are in the mean time beseiging Patra. Finally they are forced to lift the siege of the city.


13 April 1790

Slaughter of residents of Patra by Turk-Albanians, that continue the slaughter throughout Peloponessos to an extent that it is partially depopulated.


13 April 1803

The Neomartyr Dimitrios from Trifyllia is decapitated by Turks in Tripoli.



13 April 1821

Stripped from the very gallows he was hung, Patriarch Gregorios E' is thrown into the Turkish mob for extreme pillory. He is then handed over to Jews that drag his body three times around the Fanario's square, only to be finally thrown into the sea.. His body is found by a Hellinic fishing boat.


13 April 1822

Absolute destruction of Naousa. Young girls jump off the waterfalls of Arapitsa to their death instead of being captured by the vile Turks.



13 April 1827

Forces under G. Karaiskakis defeat the Turks at the monastery of Ag. Spyridon in Piraeus. After the victory, Karaiskakis' headquarters are also moved to Pireus.


13 April 1854

The strive for independence in Arta is terminated after the destruction of Peta's camp that was the insurgent's base of operations.


13 April 1941

Our Army vacates Moschopoli and re-organizes in the valley of Drinos.

14 April 1737


The Korsican rebels attempt in vail to beseige the Maniates of Paomia.


14 April 1803

Treasons allows the Turks to enter in the Monestery of the Virgin Mary in Bretsianitsa, massacre the majority, while the rest are enslaved, among them a large number of the Botsari.


14 April 1821

Victorious battle in Levidi were Hellinic irregulars defeat the Turkish troops.


14 April 1824

The Egyptian fleet lead by Topal arrives in Neokastro


14 April 1825

Although imprisonned in Hydra, Kolokotronis demands to be put on trial be allowed to fight against Imbrahim.


14 April 1826

The Hellinic Government assigns in an English ambassador in Konstantinoupoli to negotiate with the Gate.


14 April 1828

The Emperor of Russia Nikolaos the A declares war against Turkey in order to enforce the Treaty of London of 6 July 1827 which imposed that Turkey and Hellas cease all hostilities, as well as various other terms.


14 April 1854

The Rebels of Thessaly, under the l;eadership of Euthymios Kontogiannis, are forced to resolve the siege of Domokos, which had begun on the 28th of March.


14 April 1867

Battle in the outskirts of Crete that leads to two deaths..

15 April 1261

Micheal Palaiologos the 8th captured Konstantinoupoli from its last Latin monarch, Baldwin II


15 April 1453

Mohamed B' fleet of 420 boats, under the leadership of the Bulgarian Souleiman Balatoglou, attempts to sail into in the Bosporus a chain blocking the entrance stops the fleet.

15 April 1825

Kioutachi with a force of 6.000 Turks, begin the second siege of Mesologgi. a second force of 10.000 men is dispatched by Kioutachi in order to it occupy Amfissa and entire the Eastern Sterea Hellas.


15 April 1941

Strong resistance in Dispilio, Petra Olympos, Kleisouria and Tempi against the Germans.

16 April 1818

The Turks slaughter in Adrianoupoli, the neomartys Christoforos


16 April 1821

Nik. Papadopoulos of Keffalonia pulls out and hides the the desecrated body of Patriarch Grigorios that was floating near his boat "Saint Nikolaos".


16 April 1827

In Piraeus the Turkish guard delivered a treaty to G. Karaiskaksi.


16 April 1899

Publication of the Constitution of the Cretan State.


16 April 1905

The force of 150 men under Lieutenant Nikostratos Kalomenopoulos (Nida), is betrayed to the Turks and found in village Drosopigi of region Morihovouno where after being attacked by the Turkish 45 men are captured and 6 dead.


16 April 1941

Our Army vacates the region Tepeleni.


16 April 1956

General Harting begins a wild expedition against EOKA in Cyprus

17 April1566

Piali pasha occupies Chios with 10.000 men


17 April 1821

The boat "Saint Nikolaos" loaded with the desecrated body of the Patriarch and with a lot of fugitives leaves for Odessa.


17 April 1897

Brigadier Smolenskis with his men marks the unique victory in the region of Velestino


17 April 1899

The prince Georgios, posistioned as High Commissioner in Crete, forms the first government with N. Giamalakis, M. Koundouros, X. Skulianakis El. Venizelos and Mr Foumis.


17 April 1902

The massacre of G. Leontas by Commitatzides.


17 April 1941

Our Army vacates Cheimarro.
The German forces occupy the Katerini and Grevena.


17 April 1956

Cypriot fighters of EOKA blow up two Oil depots in Nicosia.

Dude this thread ROCKS! :clapping::clap2::read::worshippy

18 April 1453

All night attack of Moammeth B's Turkish forces on Konstantinoupoli, the defence repells their attack by enflicting great losses


18 April 1526


Konstantinoupoli, the neomartyr Ioannis is burnt alive by Turks



18 April 1821

Battle in Ipati. Victories of our forces in Molous and in Selmina Mantineias. The fortress of Mandenitsi is captured by Dryovouniotis and his men, Decicive battle in Kalamo Attica.


18 April 1822

Hellinic-Turkish battles on the outskirts of Athens.


18 April 1829

After a long siege by land and sea, the Turkish guard surrenders Naupactos. Finally the Hellinic flag may fly over the fort of Its-Kale.


18 April 1878

After the mediation of the British consuls of Athens and Adrianoypoli, a truce is signed in the village Smokovo between rebels and Turkish forces. The major revolts were formally terminated in Thessaly, Epirus and Macedonia however were continued under the form of gorrila warfare.


18 April 1914

Our Voreio-Epirotic forces attack on Tepeleni in Voreios Epiros



18 April 1922

New Efesos is taken.


18 April 1941

The Germans occupy Serbia and Kalampaka.

19 April 1453

Turkish attrocities against the Hellinic community in the Princess islands


19 April 1819

The residents of Parga are forced by Ali Pasha to abandom their homes and look for shelter in the Ionian islands


19 April 1825

The Turkish fleet of Halil Bey disembarks troops in Methoni


19 April 1897

Heroic battle of Mouzaki in Karditsa


19 April 1941

Our army evacuates Delvino and Agious Saranta.

20 April 1453

The skipper Flantanella accomplishes to bring provisions to the beseiged city of Konstantinoupoli despite the blockade by the Turks.

20 April 1821

The Greek rebels of Galatsi, under the commands of the Karpenisian Athanassios, manage to destroy the bridge of river Sereti in order to delay the city's occupation by the Turkish forces

20 April 1914

Albanians attack the Hellinic minority of Voreios Epiros


20 April 1941

The Germans occupy Trikala and Larissa.

21 April 1804

Hellinic-Turkish battles at Zaloggo and the Souli.


21 April 1822

Odysseus Androutsos enters in the beseiged Citadel of Athens.


21 April 1941

Bulgarian troops enter in Eastern Macedonia and Western Thrace, after the approval of the German Army.


21 April 1967

During the early hours of this day, the army takes over the country's goverment.

22 April 1821

Battle in the bridge of Alamana. Panourgias is wounded and Athanassios Diakos is arrested and put to death by impalment since he refused to convert to Islam.


22 April 1854

Nikolaos Zervas with 400 men of Karaiskaki's forces with 400 men colides in the Plaka of Epirus with the Turks lead by Pitsiaris. Heroic victory with over 200 dead Turks being left in Pente Pigadia.


22 April 1897

Battle of Farsala. The Hellinic forces despite the intense attacks of Turks maintain their position.


22 April 1912

The Italians land on Dodekanisa.



22 April 1917

The 3rd Battalion of the 1st Infantry Regiment in Serres occupies the hill Semen Ntefer destroying the Bulgarian troops that reacted with 3 counter-attacks.



22 April 1921

Battle in the Karey Moyrnar in Anatolia



22 April 1941

The Germans occupy Volos.

23 April 971

A series of victorious battles against the Russians, lead by J. Tsimiskis begin


23 April 1507

Turks massacre 120 Maniates.


23 April 1752

Neomartyr Georgios of Cyprus is mutilated by Turks


23 April 1822


The metropolitan bishop of Chios Platon Frgkadakis, is hung to death by Turks


23 April 1827

Georgios Karaiskakis eventually dies in New Faliro after being heavily wounded in battle against the troops of Kioutachi.


23 April 1835

Sunday of Thomas, the neomartyrs Georgios, Emmanouil, Micheal, Theodoros and Georgios from Samothrace, are murdered from Turks in Alexandroupoli.


23 April 1848

The employee of Turkish embassy in Athens Apostle Nadiris shoots the ambassador Mousouris inside his office and him wounds in the arm, while yelling "Zito Hellas".
He resorted to this action, as he later admited, because he could not stand hearing Mousouris (who was Hellinic in origin) continuously slandering the Hellines

23 April 1867

The people of Sfakia drive off the Turkish attackers.


23 April 1868

Battles in the Apostles of Rethymno


23 April 1897

Battle of Farsala. Our Forces under Brigadier Smolenski repel intense attacks of Turks and maintain their position.



23 April 1914

In the 8.00 m.m. the Forces of our Voreo-ERpirotic brothers, start attack in the Abbey Tsepou, defeat the Albanians and reach beyond Koumelitsa.


23 April 1943

The priest K. Toulio is murdered by Bulgarians in Florina.


23 April 1956
Turks, vandalize, loot and kill unarmed Hellines in Cyprus

24 April 1564


The neomartyr Duke from Mitilini is forcefully drowned by Turks.



24 April 1821


Athanasios Diakos is taken before Omer Bryonis in Lamia where he is impalmented.


24 April 1897

Battles of Teke in Thessaly and Domokos. Unfortunate defeat of the Hellinic forces leads to the capture of the city by Turks.


24 April 1914

Truce between the Forces of Autonomous Epirus and Albania.


24 April 1944

A total of 180 people of the community of Pyrgoi of Kozani are burnt alive by German troops in the village barns.


24 April 1956

Turks burn 9 shops in Leukosia, later the same night a tabbacco factory exploded after they placed a bomb.

25 April 1821

Armed villagers of Attica, besiege the Turkish troops that are cornered in the Akropolis.

25 April 1825

The Imprahim with 11.000 foot-soldiers and 800 horsemen managed to capture 'Sfaktiria' that was defended by some 1.500 Hellines, 352 Hellinic casualties.

25 April 1832

Treaty of London between England, France and Russia and the king of Bavaria, with which they declared that Othon will bring the title of "king of Hellas" under the guarantee of three Forces, while Turkey disagreed to the title "King of the Hellines".


25 April 1897

Battles in Almyros of Thessaly and in Gournes of Heraklion Crete.

Great work Orphic. When it gets back to the start next year on March 17 we can go back and edit posts and call the thread the calendar year of Hellenic history :)

26 April 1821

Spread of the Revolution in entire the island Samos, under the active leadership of local politician "Lycurgos" (Georgios Logothetis). The revolutionary bodies of the island were organised exemplarily under a military form with extreme discipline.


26 April 1825

After the occupation of Sfaktiria the Hellinic vessel "Aris", under the leadership of Dimitrios Sahouris, transporting Maurokordatos and other defenders of Sfaktiria, enters the harbour of Pylos under the continuous canonnade of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet.


26 April 1826

The 3rd National assembly in Epidaurus begins


26 April 1868


Rebels of Rethymno defeat the Turkish forces of Mehmet Pasha in the village of Prases in Rthymno


26 April 1886

The great powers except France, blocade all Hellinic shores due to the Hellinic preparation for war and the refusal to order demobilization.


26 April 1915

Signature of a secret agreement between Italy and forces of the so-called "Triple Agreement", with which the Italian sovereignty in the harbour of Aulona and the rights of Hellas in Voreios Epirus are recognized ..

27 April 1821

Alexandros D. Kriezis brings our newly shipped vessel "Nyreus" of 380 tons, equipped with 12 cannons, to the port of Hydra


27 April 1832

After the decision of England - France - Russia Akronauplia is annexed to Hellas


27 April 1864

Death of General Makrygiannis.


27 April 1941

German troops enter Athens in the morning!.
The radio station of Athens, addresses the Hellinic population with its last free message being:
"Hellines!! After few minutes our radio station will not be Hellinic ".

At 10:00 the Germans raised the the German Flag on the Parthenon

Great work Orphic Hymn.

28 April 1821


The Kolokotronis is nominated General of Karytaina in Peloponnese.

Sachtouris and Pinotsis arrest on the coasts of Asia Minor two Turkish boats with pilgrims that were returning from Mecca.


28 April 1825

Naval battle with the Egyptian fleet outside Methoni


28 April 1897

The Hellinic Government accepts the retraction of our Army from Crete and the autonomy of Island under the suzerainty of the Sultan.


28 April 1906

The head of guerrilla body Chris Pratounas. (Kapetan Kapsalis), is murdered after a Bulgarian ambush inside the lake of Giannitsa..


28 April 1921

Our Forces repell Turkish attacks in the region of Eski Sechir


28 April 1941

The British troops vacate Hellas.
The Italians occupy Corfu.

29 April 1091

Our Emperor Alex A' Komninos defeats the Pechenegs (Mongolian tribe) in Levouni of Thrace


29 April 1854

France and England with an ultimatum sent to King Othon, demand that the Hellinic Government recants the revolutionary movements in Thessaly and Epirus.


29 April 1871

Patriarch Gregory's desecrated body is brought to Athens


29 April 1880

Military service for all Hellinic citizens is rendered obligatory.


29 April 1905

Georgios Papaioannou (Arkas) is murdered in Esnitsa of Kastoria.


29 April 1914

The Hellinic revolutionaries in Voreios Epirus begin their struggle for liberation.


29 April 1941

The Italians occupy Kefallinia.

Thanks guys..

A great thanks to akritas for supplying the source..

30 April 1822

Battle outside of the fortress of Kudonia in Crete.


30 April 1823

Battle of Kissamos in Crete.


30 April 1825

Miaoulis with the use of 8 fireship destroys a powder-magazine and 28 ships of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet in Methoni.


30 April 1878

The Macedonian revolution in Poulianos and Kokkinoblue comes to an end.


30 April 1907

Prokopis Kompokis is murdered in his village Kallithea Dromos by a gang of 30 komitatzides.


30 April 1917

Our army accomplishes a great victory and occupies Ravine..


30 April 1941

General Georgios Tsolakoglou is appointed Prime Minister of the first goverment during Nazi occupation.

01 May 1740

Revolution against the Turkish occurpation in Skala of Crete.


01 May 1811

Dimitris Logios is murdered in Crete by Turks


01 May 1815

Neomartyr Kakios is murdered in Konstantinoupoli by Turks..


01 May 1821

Iakovos Giakoumakis Tompazis sinks a Turkish Galley on the outskirts of Chios.


01 May 1823

Kioutachi returns to pillage the villages of Laurentios, Lechonia, Vyzitsa, Pinakates and Agios Avokasios in Magnesia.


01 May 1827

Clash in Faliron.


01 May 1867

Miltiades Thon is murdered in Crete.


01 May 1901

Tryfon Mallios is murdered in the village of Kostanetsi by Bulgarians


01 May 1917

The occupation of his defensive locality Ravine (Eastern Skra) is assigned to the 2nd Battalion of 1st Regiment of Serres. The result of yet another heroic victory of our Army.


01 May 1919

Our troops land in Smyrni


01 May 1944

Hellinic hostages are killed by Germans in the shooting ground of Kaissariani

01 May 408
Theodosius II (April, 401 - July 28, 450) the eldest son of Eudoxia and Arcadius,at the age of 7 becomes the Roman Emperor of the East(Byzantium).He will remain in the throne up to his death.Theodosius created the University of Constantinople.

01 May 1068
Romanus IV Diogenes (1032 - 1072, ruled 1068 - 1071),married to Constantine X's widow,Eudocia Macrembolitissa,becomes Emperor.Starts the first of the three successful campaigns he carried on against the Saracens and Seljuks.

01 May 1909
Yannis Ritsos is born in Monemvasia. He is considered one of the greatest greek poets.He was proposed many times for the Nobel Prize of Litterature,but never won it. On 02 May 1977 wins the Lenin Peace Prize.Some of his works are: Epitaphios(1936),Romiosyni(1947),Moonlight Sonata (1956).Dies on November 11, 1990.
"...Because bears that have grown old
can say only one thing: thank you; thank you..." (Moonlight Sonata)

01 May 1913
Greek-Serbian military convention is signed.

01 May 1954
Begins the circulation of bank notes without the three last zeros.They were published based on the new equivalence of dollar and drachma (1$=30 Dr.).

01 May 1976
Alexandros Panagoulis is killed in a car accident under indefinable circumstances. He took active role in the fight against the Regime of the Colonels (1967 – 1974) in Greece. He became famous after his attempt to assassinate dictator George Papadopoulos in 13 August 1968.As from the restoration of democracy he was elected deputy.

02 May 1821

The rebels of Psara lead by Andreas Giannitsis steal 23 cannons from the gulf of Ainou and trafer them to Psara island..


02 May 1824

The coffin and casket in which Lord Byron's heart and brain were place are transported to Zakynthos.



02 May 1829

The Turkish guard in Naupaktos surrenders to Kapodistrias.


02 May 1897

Our forces in the region Grimbovo are forced to retreat towards Arta after intense Turkish attacks.


02 May 1919

Our army lands on the shores of Smyrna after the dessision of the Paris Peace Conferrance.


02 May 1941

Pennelope Delta commits suicide not being able to bear the site of the Nazi flag being hoisted over the Akropolis..


02 May 1943

Slaughter in Kotylo of Gortinia


02 May 1945

220 "Ierolochites" (Sacred- company) manage to liberate the island of Rhodes efflicting upon German and Italian forces emense losses..

03 May 1770

Hatzi Osman unsuccessfully attacks Eastern Mani.


03 May 1821

The Turks land an emmense military force in Cyprus and begin the persecutions, pillaging and destruction.


03 May 1823

Manolis Tompazis is nominated by the government as commissioner in Crete.


03 May 1826

The administration nominates Giannis Gkoyras as Head of the district of Eastern Hellas.


03 May 1829

4.000 Hellinic rebels, under the General Augustin Kapodistrias, beseige the Turks at Mesologgi and Aitoliko and force them to surrender.


03 May 1837

The University of Athens in Plaka begins its courses.


03 May 1867

Battles of Asiti and Tylissos in Crete commense..


03 May 1941

The German troops parade in the central streets of Athens, while the residents, in a form of reaction, lock down their houses. This constitutes the first event of resistance in Hellas..


03 May 1944

60 patriots are massacred in Kaisariani

03 May 1821
The Turks dispatch in Cyprus powerful troops in order to prevent a revolt.

03 May 1837
The University of Athens is established.It is initially accomodated in the Stamatios Kleanthis residence, in the north-eastern side of Acropolis,in Placa.

03 May 1890
Deputy Rokkos Choidas(1830-1890)dies in prison after denying to submit application of grace.He was a descendant of a noble family from Cephallonia. His father was a soldier of the Sacred Battalion and a fighter in the Greek War of Independence. R. Choidas had democratic and anti-monarchic ideas. He was imprisonned for a newspaper article he published,considered offensive for the royal family.He declared that the national sovereignty and the law are above the king.

03 May 1892
In the elections that are held by the 207 seats Trikoupis receives 160 and the opposition (Diligiannis, Rallis, Konstantopoulos) 47.

04 May 1821
In Constantinople the bishops of Derkon Grigorios,of Adrianopolis Dorotheos,of Tirnavos Ioannikios and of Thessaloniki Iosif,are being decapitated.

04 May 1833
The Treaty of Kioutahi is signed between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt, according to which Crete remains under egyptian administration.

04 May 1882
The convention between the Greek state and the metal work company of Lavrion for the manufacture of a railway line from Athens to Lavrion with a ramification to Kifisia,is signed.

04 May 1904
The "Macedonian Committee" is founded in Athens,with Dimitrios Kalapothakis,owner of the newspaper "Front",as chairman.

04 May 1990
Konstantinos Karamanlis is elected for the second time President of the Hellenic Republic.
http://www.karamanlis-foundation.gr/en/index.html

05 May 1980
Konstantinos Karamanlis is elected for the first time President of the Hellenic Republic.He succeeded Constantine Tsatsos.His first term ends in 1985 and he is succeeded by Christos Sartzetakis.
The macedonian Konstantinos Karamanlis(March 8, 1907 - April 23, 1998),born in Proti,Serres,was a towering figure of Greek politics and is considered a charismatic National Leader.In his politic career among other things he orchestrated successfully the transition from dictatorship to parliamentary democracy in 1974 and signed the Accession Treaty with the European Economic Community (European Union) in 1980.
http://www.karamanlis-foundation.gr/en/index.html

06 May 1865
For the first time since antiquity,the mines of Lavrio are operating.The mines are worked mainly for lead, manganese and cadmium.

06 May 1913
Serious battles between Greek and Bulgarian units near Serres.

07 May 558
The dome of Hagia Sofia collapses after an earthquake.The Emperor Justinian orders its immediate reconstruction.

07 May 1821
Anthimos Gazis,scholar and philosopher during the Greek Enlightenment,and the military commander Kiriakos Mpasdekis declare the Revolution in the region of Pilio.

07 May 1823
The Ionian Academy,the first academic institution in modern Greece,is established on the island of Corfu.

07 May 1832
The Great Powers(Great Britain, France and the Russian Empire) decide that Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria,second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria,is the first modern King of Greece.

07 May 1953
The Central Intelligence Service(Κεντρική Υπηρεσία Πληροφοριών,ΚΥΠ) is established.On 1986 its name changed to National Intelligence Service(Εθνικη Υπηρεσια Πληροφοριων,ΕΥΠ).

08 May 1821
Historic victorious battle given by Odysseas Androutsos and the other leaders of the struggle,who closed themselves in the legendary Inn("Hani") of Gravia along with 120 fighters and other supporters in the region,and stopped Omer Vrionis, by cutting his way towards Salona and Peloponnese,targetting to the suppression of the Revolution.
Nowdays the historic Inn ("Hani") has been restored.It was inaugurated by the former President of Hellenic Republic, M. K. Stefanopoulos and it is open to visitors.

08 May 1828
Victory of Cretans near Rethymno.

08 May 1952
Takes place in Athens rally with main demand the union of Cyprus with Greece.

09 May 1907
Attempts to take out of the sea the remains of the combined Ottoman and Egyptian armada destroyed in the naval Battle of Navarino fought on 20 October 1827 in Navarino Bay.The naval Battle of Navarino is notable for being the final large-scale fleet action in history between sailing ships.

09 May 1922
Coalition cabinet under Petros Protopapadakis.During Protopapadaki's government the Asia Minor front falls.Resignation on 28 August 1922.

09 May 1927
The Delfic Celebrations take place with the initiative of the poet Angelos Sikelianos who longed to revive the Delfic Idea.
Close to the archaeological site is the home of Angelos Sikelianos,which is now the museum of the Delphic Festivals. It houses archival material and photographs relating to the revival of the Delphic Idea, costumes from performances of ancient drama, personal effects of Angelos and Eva Sikelianos, as well as most of the poets manuscripts and correspondence.

09 May 1936
The "May of '36" in Thessaloniki.During demonstration of the tabacco workers serious incidents take place with the police.12 demonstrators are killed and many injured.

09 May 1956
Bulky rally in Athens against the announced execution of Cypriot fighters Karaolis and Dimitriou,ends up to serious incidents.

09 May 1960
The General State Hospital (nowdays G.Gennimatas Hospital) in Athens, is established.

10 May 1859
Students wearing typical hats from Sifnos(skiadia) make manifestations that end up to violent incidents with the police in Athens. These events,the so-called Skiadika,are considered as the first dynamic anti-regime manifestation, the beginning of the events which ended in the deportation of Otto about three years later.

10 May 1905
Markos Vamvakaris is born in Syros.He was one of the most important rebetiko musicians of all times and for this reason also called the "patriarch".
Famous songs:Fragosyriani,Ta matoklada sou lamboun,Ta dyo sou heria pirane.

10 May 1947
The United States Congress approves the Truman Plan for the financial aid to Greece.

10 May 1956
Michalis Karaolis and Andreas Dimitriou are executed by hanging,by the British colonial authorities in Cyprus.

10 May 1980
Georgios Rallis becomes Prime Minister of Greece.Succeds Constantine Karamanlis who has been elected President of the Hellenic Republic.

11 May 330

Konstantine the Great inaugurates the Queen of all cities, Konstantinoupoli


11 May 912

Konstantinos Z' Porfyrogennitos succeeds the throne after Leo VI the Wise's death .


11 May 1766

Earthquake of great duration causes big destructions in Konstantinoupoli.


11 May 1853

The Bishop of Kydonia in Crete Kallistos, is sentenced to death after denying to sign a disapproval at the expense the rebeling Cretans..


11 May 1854

Ahmet Pasha occupies the last bulwark of the rebels of Epirus in SKoulikaria of Arta


11 May 1866

280 soldiers of 5th Battalion are taken captives in Koutra of Thessaly after the defeat of our Company in Patson..


11 May 1919

Our Army liberates Nymfaio, near Smyrna.


11 May 1941

The Germans commense air-raids in Crete.


11 May 1944

Battle between Pontians and Bulgarians at Nestos.


11 May 1956

Major strike in Cyprus as a form of protest against the maltreatment of Andreas Dimitriou and Michalis Karaolis by the British

11 May 483
Justinian I (Μέγας Ιουστινιανός) or Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus,is born.He becomes Emperor on August 1,527.He is best remembered for his reform of the legal code,the military expansion of the imperial territory and his marriage and partnership with his wife Empress Theodora.
He died on November 14,565.

11 May 1771
Laskarina Pinotsi known as Bouboulina,one of the women with a major role in the Greek War of Independence,is born in Constantinople.
http://www.bouboulinamuseum-spetses.gr/

11 May 1926
A law dictating the length of women's skirts,no more than 30cm above the ground,is imposed by general Theodoros Pangalos.

11 May 1933
I.Metaxas and deputies of the People's Party (Laiko Komma) propose the prosecution of E.Venizelos as moral perpetrator of the Plastiras movement (6 March 1933).

12 May 1662

Neomartyr Ioannis Vlachos is hung in Konstantinoupoli by Turks.


12 May 1821

Battle of Valtetsio.
Theodoros Kolokotronis, the Mayromihalaioi, Gero Mitropetrovas, Plapoutas, Giatrakos, Nikitaras among others, colide with powerful Turkish forces lead by the Bardouniotis Roumpi (Turk-Albanian) that was sent from Tripolitsa in order to destroy the Hellinic camp.
After a 23 hour battle a heroic victory due to Kolokotronis' strategic genius is achieved. The Turks fled leaving over 300 dead and 500 wounded on the battle field.


12 May 1854

British and French troops land in Pireus and take over the cities of Pireus and Athens in order to force the Hellinic goverment to withdraw all troops in Epirus, Makedonia and Thessaly that rebeled against the Turks..


12 May 1878

The Sultan proposed to the Cretan rebels a truce if they surrendered their arms. The Cretan boldly reject the proposal and continue the revolution.


12 May 1886

Truce signed between Hellas and Turkey with which the hostilities in the borders of Thessaly are terminated. The truce was result of emense pressure by the 'allied' powers.


12 May 1896

Battle in Apopigadi of Chania.


12 May 1904

Makedonomachos Vangelis Georgiou is murdered durnig an ambush set up by Bulgarians.


12 May 1912

Italian forces occupy the islands of Nisyros, Tilos, Leros, Lekgoi, Kalymnos, Kos, Patmos, Karpathos and Kasos.


12 May 1918

Makedonomachos Aristogeiton Papagiannis is killed.


12 May 1919

The Hellinic Army liberates Magnesia of Asia Minor.


12 May 1943

The destroyer "Kanaris" with captain lieutenant-commander K. Damilatis, participating with allied forces on the attack of N. Africa, lands troops on the island Zempra near Tunisia and arrests the guard composed of 120 Italians and Germans.


12 May 1944

Powerful Bulgarian forces attempt to clear out the region of the region north of the Bridge of Priests in Drama. The attempt is a failure due to serious Hellinic resistance.


12 May 1945

The German guard in Crete surrenders.

12 May 1902
The first Greek cement company,named "TITAN" is founded in Piraeus by Nikolaos and Andreas Hatzikiriakos.The first unit of production is placed in Elefsina.

13 May 1347

John VI Kantakouzinos is crowned 'joint emperor' with John V Palaiologos



13 May 1770

Battle in the island Messini.
Gannis Mayromichalis (Skylogiannis), Yannis Kolokotronis (grandfather of Theodoros) and Yannis Flessas (grandfather of Papaflessa) among many others heroes are killed ..


13 May 1821

Battle in Galazi where 600 Cretans distinguished in battle.


13 May 1908

Our Guerrilla forces attack the village Ieropigi of Korestio, that was a powerful centre of Bulgarian forces. During the battle 27 houses are burnt down and 30 Komitatzides are killed.


13 May 1916

The fort of Roupel is occupied by the Germans that give it to the Bulgarian forces.


13 May 1922

General Anastasios Papoulas submitted his resignation of the leadership of our troops in Asia Minor..


13 May 1941

The Samothrace and the Thassos are handed over to the Bulgarians by German forces.


13 May 1956

The Municipal Council of the Athens, decides to rename the roads Ypsilanti and Loukianou to Micheal Karaolis and Andrea Dimitriou, as a small tribute to the two heroic Cypriots three days before their hanging.

14 May 1643

Decapitation of Neomartyr Mark from Crete in Smyrni .


14 May 1748

Destructive earthquake hits Aigio.


14 May 1823

Victorious battle in the region of Virgin Mary in Volos.


May 1824

Egyptian fleet lead by Hoyrsit arrives and attacks Kasos. The Kasian supported by 600 Cretans answers to the hostile canonnade. The Egyptian Flagship "Africa" crashes into in reef and the remaining ships leave for Souda in Crete.


14 May 1841

Battle in Provarma of Apokoronos


14 May 1854

Is imposed neutrality in Greece by England and France. Thus are recalled our troops from the Continent, Macedonia and Thessaly that strengthened the there revolutions.


14 May 1893

Desasterous earthquake hits Thebes.


14 May 1918

Mainly battle in Ravine in the Macedonian borders. 5 Officers dead 9 wounded, 51 privates dead, 225 wounded..


14 May 1919

Our 4th Infantry Regime liberates Aidinio of Asia Minor..


14 May 1920

The Serres Division enters Komotini. The same day the 15th Infantry Regime of the Xanthi Division lands in Alexandroupoli and replaces the French troops.


14 May 1941

The Italians complete the occupation of Cyclades that they began in 4 May 1941. They occupy all islands except except the Serifos, Kea and Milos that were occupied by Germans.


14 May 1944

Hellinic rebels of the Holy Company of Paros and British Commandos attack and neutralise the German guard of the Paros airport and arrest the German commander..

12 May 1902
The first Greek cement company,named "TITAN",is founded in Piraeus by Nikolaos and Andreas Hadjikyriakos.The first unit of production is placed in Elefsina.

12 May 1984
The president of the Hellenic Republic Konstantinos karamanlis repeats the proposal that had made as Prime Minister in 1976 for permanent performance of the Olympic Games in Greece on the occasion of the western countries boycott in the Olympic Games of Moscow in 1980 and the answer of the Eastern Bloc countries in the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984.

12 May 1992
Dies Nikos Gatsos,famous poet and lyricist,born in Asea of Arcadia,on 8 December 1911.
He marked contemporary Greek music by writing lyrics for Manos Hadjidakis,Mikis Theodorakis and other well-known composer's music.
His ability to handle languages with great preciseness led the Arts Theatre, the National Theatre and the People’s Theatre to entrust him with the translation of many theatrical works(Lorka,Strindberg,Genet),translations which until today remain «classic».
In 1991, Barcelona’s Academy elected him as a corresponding member recognizing his contribution to the preservation of Spanish literature.
Profoundly influenced by the Ionian philosopher Heracleitos,Gatsos believes that the essence of life and art is to be found in nothing static, but in an eternal flux.
Famous poems and songs:Amorgos,Dark Mother,Paper moon,Little Rallou.

14 May 1928
The newly-established "Bank of Greece",that substitutes the "National Bank of Greece" as central bank of the country,begins operations. Alexandros Diomidis, Governor of the National Bank of Greece since 1923,is appointed as its first Governor.


14 May 1982
Dies Despina Achladioti,also known as the "Lady of Ro".
She was a Greek patriot born on the island of Kastellorizo in 1893.Before the start of World War Two, in which her home island was ravaged repeatedly,Achladioti sailed to the nearby deserted island of Ro,which is situated less than 800 m from the Turkish coast.Achladioti's most renowned deed is that everyday she would fly a Greek flag,clearly visible from Turkish soil,over the island.She raised the flag everyday, regardless of the weather,from the time she arrived on the island until her death,at the age of 89. Despite not having veteran status, she was buried on the island with full military honors.
A Greek military unit is now based on the island of Ro, with the main duty of keeping the tradition of raising the flag.

15 May 908
Constantine VII the Purple-born (Κωνσταντίνος Ζ' ο Πορφυρογέννητος) (905-959, ruled 913 - 959) – son of Leo VI and nephew of Alexander III,is crowned 'joint emperor'.

15 May 912
Leo's brother Alexander III,regent of underage Constantine,restores Nicholaos Mysticos to the Patriarchal throne of Constantinople.

15 May 925
Dies Nicholaos Mysticos.He was Patriarch of Constantinople from 901 to 906 and from 912 to 925.He denied a fourth marriage to emperor Leo VI and was for this reason deposed in 906.He was restored in 912 and remained patriarch until his death.

15 May 1822
Turkish troops under Hoursit pasha and Omer Vrionis occupy Souli.

15 May 1825
Georgios Karaiskakis achieves an important victory in Mavrolithari of Parnassida.

15 May 1826
The survivors of Messolonghi arrive in Nafplion.

16 May 1911
Georgios Averof,a Greek armored cruiser which served as the flagship of the Hellenic Navy during the Balkan Wars under the command of Rear Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis,is commissioned to Greece.She gained her greatest glory by freeing the North and Central Aegean islands,as well as the coastal cities of East Macedonia and Thrace.

http://www.bsaverof.com/
http://users.hol.gr/~bsaverof/

16 May 1912
The treaty of alliance between Greece and Bulgaria is signed,which does not include any report on the distribution of territories in case of a victorious war against the Ottoman Empire.

16 May 1948
George Polk,american journalist for CBS,is found dead in the port of Thessaloniki.Polk was covering the civil war in Greece.A journalist,Grigorios Staktopoulos,was tried and convicted of the murder.

17 May 1895
-At 2 pm the extension of the railway line from Athens to Piraeus begins to operate.The extension,1.465 metres long,from which 660 m. constitute a vaulted tunnel,was constructed in six years.

-The restoration of the Panathinaiko Stadium(also known as the Kallimarmaron),in occasion of the first modern Olympic Games of 1896,is concluded.The restoration was financed by Georgios Averof,whose marble statue now stands at the entrance of the stadium.

17 May 1902
The archaeologist Spyridon Stais,osserving the "Antikythera mechanism" notices that one of the pieces of rock composing the artifact,had a gear wheel embedded in it.From that moment on the "Antikythera mechanism" is considered one of the oldest surviving geared mechanisms.The most commonly accepted theory of its function is that it was an analog computer designed for calculating the motions of stars and planets.It is displayed in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens.

17 May 1913
On the conclusion of the First Balkan War,The Treaty of London is signed among Greece,Bulgaria,Montenegro,Serbia and Turkey,according to which the last one cedes to the Allies(the Balkan League)the territories west of the Enos(on the Aegean sea)-Midia(on the Euxeinos Pontos)line and resigns from any sovereign right in Crete.

17 May 1914
The representatives of the Great Powers and the revolutionary government of autonomous Northern Epirus sign in Corfu the "Corfu Protocol",according to which wide autonomy is granted to the Greeks of Northern Epirus in the frames of the Albanian state.

17 May 1818
Greek military units hold the leading part among the Allies in the victorious battle of Skra di Legen,that resulted in the capture of the particularly fortified position,controlled until then by the Central Powers,chiefly Bulgarian troops.

17 May 1936
Dies Panagis Tsaldaris,leader of the People's Party,revered politician distinguished for his devotion to the institutions.
He became Prime Minister of Greece twice,from November 3,1932 to January 16,1933 and from March 10,1933 to October 10,1935.

17 May 1944
Begins in Lebanon under Georgios Papandreou,Prime Minister of the exiled Greek government,the "Conference of Lebanon" between the representatives of the Greek political and resistance forces. Main subjects are the configuration of a national policy and the constitution of a national army.On May 20,the representatives of the various parties and organisations reach an agreement on the creation of a National Unity Government.

17 May 1958
Government of Konstantinos Karamanlis.Resignation on September 20,1961.

18 May 893
Dies the Patriarch of Constantinople Stephanos I.

18 May 1821
Emmanouil Papas (1773 - 5/12/1821),commander of the revolution in Macedonia in the Greek War of Independence,declares the revolution in Karyes of Mount Athos.

18 May 1825
The government grants amnesty to Theodoros Kolokotronis,imprisoned in the Palamidi jail,who faces Ibrahim Pasha.

18 May 1963
Charles de Gaulle,President of the French Republic,speaks in the Greek Parliament during his official visit in Greece.

19 May 1825
Successful attempt to supply with food Messolonghi.

19 May 1913
The defensive treaty between Greece and Serbia is signed in Thessaloniki.

19 May 1919
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk arrives in Samsounta and organizes the cruelest phase of the Pontian Genocide.

19 May 1821

Mass slaughter of the Hellines of Thessaloniki by Turks.


19 May 1912

The Italian naval forces complete the occupation of the Dodecanese with the occupation of Simi.


19 May 1913

A treaty of alliance betwenn Hellas and Serbia is signed in Thessaloniki.


19 May 1919

The I-38 Battalion of Euzons captures Odemisio in Asia Minor.


19 May 1920

The XII Division of Xanthi enters Didimoteicho.


19 May 1921

Battle in Duz Dag of Asia Minor.


19 May 1945

Hellinic forces enter Chania in Crete and signify the end of German occupation.

20 May 325

1st Ecumenical Session in Nice before the presence of Konstantine the Great..


20 May 1067

Emperor Konstantine X Ducas dies. He is succeeded his spouse Eudocia Macrembolitissa as delegate of their underaged son Michael VII Ducas Parapinakes.


20 May 1821

The local archons Christos Kapsalis, Athanasios Rizokotsikas and the rebel Anastasios Papaloukas raise the Hellinic flag over the Turkish court in Messologgi and declare the rebelion.

20 May 1825

Naval battle between Hellines and Turks in Andros.


20 May 1828

The British philhellin, Naval Captain Hastings, with a major contribution in the Hellinic struggle for liberation died from his wounds in Zakynthos.


20 May 1834

Establishment of an honorary reward for all those that faught during the war of independence..


20 May 1835

Othon come to required age to undertake all his obligations personally.


20 May 1867

Battle in the district of Prosnero in Crete.


20 May 1889

Battle in the district of Kremasto in Crete.


20 May 1920

The release of Western Thrace by our Army is complete.


20 May 1941

The Battle of Crete begins. The heroic resistance of both allied troops and unarmed population astonishes the entire world.

20 May 1769
Andreas Miaoulis,Greek admiral during the Greek War of Independence,is born in Hydra.His real name was Andreas Vokos.He defeated the turkish fleet near Patra and the Turko-Egyptian navy near Geronta,and on many occasions he was able to provide supplies for Greek cities besieged by the Turks.He died on June 24,1835 in Athens.

20 May 1825
Papaflessas dies in the battle of Maniaki,in Messinia.He died together with all his troops,approximately 300 men,fighting against 6000 Turko-Egyptian soldiers led by Ibrahim Pasha.

20 May 1949
Dies the Archbishop of Athens Damaskinos.He was born on March 3,1891 and served from 1941 until his death.He showed courage and compassion during the difficult period of World War 2.He instructed the Greek clergy to issue false baptismal certificates to Jews threatened with deportation,saving thousand of them from the Nazis.When the occupation ended,Damaskinos was proclaimed regent of Greece until the return of the king from exile.His term as Prime Minister lasted from October 17,1945 to November 1,1945.

21 May 428 BC
Plato is born.Student of Socrates,teacher of Aristotle and founder of the Academy in Athens,he is one of the world's most influential philosophers of all times.

21 May 1864
Greek troops arrive in Corfu and raise the Greek flag.

21 May 1911
The revision of the Constitution of 1864 is completed,with important innovations like the enactment of the permanence of the public employees and the establishment of the free elementary education.

21 May 1954
Greece and Bulgaria restore their diplomatic relations,that had been interrupted since April 1941.

21 May 1956
The first two women magistrates undertake service after succeeding in relative competition.

22 May 337
The Emperor Constantine I(Constantine the Great),dies in Constantinople.He is baptized before dying.

22 May 1823
The government's commissioner of Crete,Manolis Tompazis,arrives in Kissamo. Few days later the Turks deliver to the commissioner the fortress of Kissamo (25 May 1823).

22 May 1963
An attempt of murder against deputy Gregoris Lambrakis takes place in Thessaloniki.He dies five days later,on May 27.

22 May 1967
The dead body of Nikiforos Mandilaras,the lawyer who served as the principal defense attorney in the Aspida trial involving twenty-eight army officers accused of high treason,is found washed ashore on the island of Rhodes.

23 May 1067
Empress Eudocia Macrembolitissa undertakes the rule of the empire.

23 May 1822
Alexandros Mavrokordatos arrives in Messolonghi.

24 May 1328
Andronicos III Palaiologos,becomes Emperor.He will remain on the throne until June 15,1341.

24 May 1821
Greek victory,under Theodoros Kolokotronis command,in St. Vlasios of Tripolitsa.

24 May 1827
Acropolis is being consigned to the Turks.

24 May 1944
Government of Georgios Papandreou.Resignation on October 18,1944.

24 May 1955
The British government announces that Georgios Grivas Digenis,the leader of EOKA,is wanted for 100.000 english pounds .

25 May 1828
Victory of the Cretans in the region Chalara.

25 May 1834
Theodoros Kolokotronis and Dimitrios Plapoutas are condemned to death,accused to have conspired against the king's delegates.In favour of their acquittal,vote the judges Georgios Tertsetis and Anastasios Polizoidis.Their sentence is changed in imprisonment and they are released when Otto becomes king(May 1835).

25 May 1916
The allied forces declare partial marine embargo of the country asking the re-establishment of political normality.

26 May 866
Basil I the Macedonian is proclaimed co-Emperor of Michael III.

26 May 1821
With the "Act of Kaltetzòn"(monastery in Arcadia),the Peloponnesian Senate is founded,with president Petrobeis Mavromichalis.

26 May 1932
Government of Alexandros Papanastasiou

27 May 366
The usurper of the throne Procopios is being assassinated.

27 May 1821
Papanikolis Dimitrios sets fire in a turkish frigate in the bay of Eressos,Lesvos Island.

27 May 1824
Ibrahim Pasha occupies Messinia

27 May 1973
The battleship "Velos",while participating in a NATO exercise,sails to Fiumicino,Italy.Members of the crew ask political asylum,expressing in this way their opposition to the junta.

28 May 585 BC
Thales the Milesian catalogues for the first time ever a solar eclipse.

28 May 1770
The Russians are compelled to retreat with heavy losses in Navarino.It's the end of the "Orloff events" a revolution guided by russian brothers Orloff. Terrible massacres of the Greeks by the Turks in Peloponnese followed this revolution.However "Orloffikà" is considered a precursor to the Greek War of Independence.

28 May 1821
Victory of the Greeks near Agrinio.

28 Μay 1822
Turkish troops arrive with the egyptian fleet in Souda,Crete,in order to contribute to the repression of the Revolution.

28 May 1825
First unsuccessful assault of Messolonghi by Kutahì.

28 May 1979
In Zappeion,Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis and the leaders of the European Economic Community countries,sign the agreement according to which Greece joins the Community.

29 May 1453
On Tuesday May 29,1453 after an one year siege,takes place the Fall of Constantinople.
The Ottoman Turks under the command of Sultan Mehmed II succeed in conquering the Byzantine capital marking this way the end of the Byzantine Empire that lasted for more than 1100 years.During the battles the last Emperor of Byzantium,Konstantinos XI Palaiologos,is killed.

29 May 1508
-Destructive earthquake in Crete.
-Pahomios Rousanos,monk and theologian,is born in Zakynthos.He taught in many regions of Greece and left treatises of grammar.He died in Nafpaktos on 1553.

29 May 1945
Nikos Zachariadis,after returning from the Dachau concentration camp in Germany,re-assumes the leadership of the KKE(Communist Party of Greece).

30 May 1821
The Peloponnesian Senate founds the regional "General Monitors"

30 May 1917
Alexander I becomes King of Greece.

30 May 1826
Dies in Nafplio Germanos of Patras(Παλαιών Πατρών Γερμανός),the Metropolitan of Patras, who on March 25,1821 raised the Greek flag at the Monastery of Agia Lavra and proclaimed the beginning of the Greek Revolution.

30 May 1941
Manolis Glezos and Apostolos Santas tear down from Acropoli the Nazi flag,causing enthusiasm to the people of the occupied Greek capital.

31 May 1834
Government of Ioannis Kolettis

31 May 1903
The first International Fair of Athens is inaugurated.Part of the money that were used for the preparation of the event were given by the national benefactor G. Maraslis.

31 May 1905
Theodoros Deligiannis,Prime minister,is being murdered outside the parliament.The killer,Antonis Kostagerakaris,considered him responsable for the rigorous measures taken against gambling houses.

31 May 1957
Stefanos Sarafis,ex leader of ELAS and deputy of EDA(United Democratic Left),is killed in a car accident.

01 June 1821
-The Greeks occupy Ierissos and free Mantemochoria and other regions of Chalkidiki.
-Part of the Greek fleet under Psarianos N. Apostolos arrives to Moshonisia.The Turks react the next days with assaults against the christians of Moshonisia,Kidonion and Smyrni.

01 June 1947
The Americans replace the Britishes in the organisation and the supply of equipment to the Greek army.

01 June 1962
The airport of Ellinikos,Athens,is founded.

01 June 1964
It is established with a law that the obligatory retirement of public employees can take place after the completion of 35 years of service.

01 June 1973
The Junta proceeds in the suppression of monarchy in Greece.

01 June 1982
Greece for the first time after its integration in the EEC,undertakes for the fixed six months period the presidency of the Community

01 June 1997
Circulates redesigned the bank note of 5.000 drachmas.This publication is judged absolutely necessary in order to avoid the many and continuously increasing cases of conterfeiting of the older bank note.

02 June 1823
The Turks hand over the fortress of Kandanos to the commissioner of Crete Manolis Tompazis,who three days later limits at Selino all Turkish forces guided by Hasan pasha.

02 June 1825
Successful mission of the Greek fleet under admiral Andreas Miaoulis in Souda.

02 June 1929
Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis is elected President of the Hellenic Republic.

02 June 1940
Constantine II,the last King of Greece,is born.Constantine participated in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome,winning a gold medal in sailing.He was King of Greece from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974.

02 June 1941
Government of Emmanouil Tsouderos,based until 29 June on the battleship "Averoff" in the harbour of Alexandria,Egypt.

02 June 1954
Josip Broz Tito visits Athens.

02 June 1971
Panathinaikos Athlitikos Omilos (PAO) loses 0-2 the European Champions Cup Final at Wembley Stadium,London,against Ajax Amsterdam.

02 June 1985
PASOK wins the elections with the percentage of 45,25%.New Democracy receives 40,85%,KKE 9,89% and KKE int. 1,89%.Andreas Papandreou forms a government for the second consecutive time.

02 June 1697

Neomartyr Dimitrios from Philadelphia is slaughtered by Turks.



02 June 1820

The Mount Atho's monk, Neomartyr Konstantinos from Lesvos. is hung in Konstantinoupoli by Turks


02 June 1821

Turks slaughter the Hellinic populations of Moschonisia and Kydonies.


02 June 1822

Turk negotiator appears at the Akropoli and suggests the surrender of the Atheneans under the Ally's protection.


02 June 1823

The rebels of Sfakia in Crete demolish Turkish forces resulting to over 800 dead Turks in the passing of Kandanos-Chania.


02 June 1829

Hellinic Forces attack in Evoia and Thebes Omer Pasha's troops .


02 June 1917

Alexandros A' after the resignation of his father Konstantinos, becomes King


02 June 1919

The Turks reoccupy the Pergamon and slaughter the Hellinic population.



02 June 1920

Major battle in Pergamon of Asia Minor.


02 June 1922

After being liberated since June 8 1921, Himara falls under Albanian yoke once again.


02 June 1941

The Germans announce the cease of all operations in continental and islandic Hellas since the occupation of the entire country was achieved. Over 15.000 British troops abandon Crete.


02 June 1943

Our destroyer "Queen Olga" sinks an Italian convoy on the shores of Calabria of Sicily.


02 June 1944

Bulgarian troops attack Doxato in Makedonia where they slaughtered over 233 unarmed Hellines. Among them, the priest Sotiris Zisis and 12 women and children that found shelter in his home.

03 June 713
The troops that were transported from the thema of Opsikon,in order to face the Bulgarians,mutiny and depose the Emperor Philippikos Bardanis.

03 June 1826
Abolition of the military force of the janissaries(Γενίτσαροι) in Constantinople after the order of sultan Mahmud II.

03 June 1927
The Parliament votes the new Constitution of the country, known also as the "Democratic Constitution of 1927".

03 June 1945
A new consolidating program for the Greek economy is applied-Law 362/1945-also known as the "experiment of Kyriakos Varvaressos"(governor of the Bank of Greece and minister of Coordination).

03 June 1979
According to her own will,the ashes of Maria Callas are scattered into the Aegean Sea.

04 June 713
Anastasios II becomes Emperor.He will remain to the throne until the end of August,715.The emperor suppresses immediately the decrees of his predecessor that were in favour of Monothelitism .

04 June 1827
Konstantinos Kanaris,one of the most important naval figures of the revolution,attempts to burn the egyptian fleet in the port of Alexandria.

04 June 1878
Cyprus is placed under British control.According to the "Cyprus Convention", the island is granted to Britain in exchange for the british support of the Ottoman Empire in the Russian-Turkish war.

05 June 1825
Odysseas Androutsos is murdered in the Acropolis,Athens,where he was imprisoned.His death is considered a result of the domestic political conflicts that occurred after the Greek Revolution.

05 June 1932
Government of Eleftherios Venizelos(resignation on November 4,1932)

05 June 1947
The Marshall Plan is announced.It is the primary plan of the United States for the reconstruction of the allied countries of Europe(Greece included) and for their protection against communism.

05 June 1954
Greece,Turkey and Yugoslavia announce the foundation of the Balkan Pact.

06 June 913
Emperor Alexander,son of Basil I,dies.

06 June 1822
Konstantinos Kanaris destroys the flagship of the Turkish fleet in Chios island,in revenge for the Chios Massacre.Turkish admiral Kara-Ali pasha and more that 1000 turkish sailors are killed.

06 June 1933
Assassination attempt against Eleftherios Venizelos in Athens.

Beautiful Thread! :)

07 June 913
Konstantinos VII Porfyrogennitos (the Purple-born) becomes Emperor,under the regency of Patriarch Nikolaos Mystikos.

07 June 1821
Defeat of the "Sacred Company"(Ιερος Λοχος-Ierόs Lόchos,formed on February 22, 1821 by 500 Greek students) under Alexandros Ypsilantis in Dragatsani by the Turkish forces.
http://www.hellenicway.ca/april03/pic/iorol.jpg

07 June 1822
Slaughters of Christians in Mastichohoria,Chios.

07 June 1823
Victory of the Turks under Jusuf Pasha Perkoftsali in the region of Livadeia.

07 June 1824
Anti-governmental forces under Panos Kolokotronis hand the fortress of Nafplio to the government.

08 June 1777
In Athens,the construction of fortified walls aiming to protect against possible attacks,which began on February 20 of the same year,is completed.These walls remained in history as the walls of Hatzi Ali Haseki,after the name of the ottoman governor of the city.

08 June 1825
Unsuccessful attempt of Kioutachi against Messolonghi.

08 June 1928
The Breguet 19 “HELLAS”,with 1st lieutenant Evangelos Papadakos as pilot and colonel Christos Adamidis as observer,accomplishes the "Tour of the Mediterranean".The plane takes off from Tatoi and flies around the Mediterranean sea in 20 days covering a distance of 12.000 Km.
http://www.haf.gr/default_en.asp

08 June 1930
Jim Londos,born Christoforos Theofilou,wins the New York State Athletic Commission Heavyweight World Title.Londos after retiring dedicated his life to charity,mostly in favour of Greek war orphans of the Second World War.

08 June 1932
The bill on social services is passed in the Greek Parliament.

08 June 1966
The Eugenides Planetarium,considered to be among the world's best,is founded in Athens.
http://www.eugenfound.edu.gr/

08 June 2000
The "Revolutionary Organization 17 November",a terrorist organization,assassinates Stephen Saunders,the British military attaché in Athens.

09 June 1821
The Turks of Agrinio surrender to Varnakiotis.

09 June 1822
The Turks of the fortress of Acropoli surrender.

09 June 1905
King Georgios I assignes Dimitrios Rallis to form a government.

09 June 1916
Government of Alexandros Zaimis.Resignation on September 3,1916.

09 June 1935
Elections take place.The parties of the opposition do not participate, protesting for the electoral law passed by the Tsaldaris government.The government coalition of Tsaldaris and Kondylis wins.
Later Kondylis will reverse Tsaldaris and he will carry out a referendum aiming to the restoration of the constitutional monarchy.

10 June 1822
Victorious battle near Arta,under the command of Markos Botsaris.

10 June 1825
Imbraim pasha takes Tripolitsà.

10 June 1877
The Hellenic Red Cross Society is founded thanks to the initiative of Queen Olga of Greece.

10 June 1941
Greece with decision of the "German Administration",is divided in areas of occupation:German,Italian and Bulgarian.

10 June 1944
The SS raid the Greek village of Distomo and kill 218 inhabitants,regardless of age.

11 June 1184 BC
The fall of Troy,according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.

11 June 1835
Andreas Miaoulis,admiral of the Greek fleet during the Revolution and later politician,dies.

11 June 1945
The Communist Party of Greece (KKE) publicly recants Aris Velouchiotis(real name Thanasis Klaras).

11 June 1963
Konstantinos Karamanlis hands in his resignation after colliding with the Palace.

11 June 1975
The Greek parliament passes the new Constitution of Greece.

11 June 2004
Xenophon Zolotas,economist,professor of Economics at Athens University,governor of the Bank of Greece and Prime Minister of Greece at the head of a non-party government on 1989,dies.
Xenophon Zolotas is also famous for demonstrating the contribution of Greek language to the English vocabulary by making English speeches to foreign audiences using only Greek words.
http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~themis/ewords/zolotas.html

12 June 1042
Constantine IX Monomachos becomes Emperor.He will remain on the throne until his death on January 11,1055.

12 June 1823
Naval raids of ships from Psara island to Asia Minor.

12 June 1824
End of the domestic political conflicts that occurred after the Greek Revolution.

12 June 1942
The governments of the USA and Great Britain announce their decision to dispatch 18000 tons of food to Greece.

12 June 1955
After minister's of Transports,Konstantinos Karamanlis,initiative begins the removal of trams and their substitution with trolleys in Athens.

12 June 1975
The Prime Minister K. Karamanlis submits the application of integration of Greece in the EEC.

12 June 1994
PASOK wins the elections for the Europarliament with 37,6%.Follow New Democracy 32,6% Political Spring 8,6% Communist Party of Greece 6,2% and Coalition 6,2%.

13 June 323 BC
Alexander the Great dies in Babylon.

13 June 1798
Rigas Feraios-Velestinlis is killed strangled at Belgrade,after being handed to the Ottoman Turkish governor by the Austrian authorities.

13 June 1825
Victory of the Greeks under Ioannis Makrygiannis and Dimitrios Ypsilantis at Myli of Argolida.

13 June 1988
Turkish Prime Minister Turgut Ozal visits Athens in the frame of the friendly climate that prevailed in the Greek-Turkish relations after the meeting in Davos, Switzerland.

13 June 2004
In the elections that take place for the appointment of the Greek representatives in the European Parliament the party of New Democracy takes the majority electing 11 deputies.PASOK elects eight,KKE two,Coalition and LAOS from one deputy.

14 June 1821
-Revolution in Crete and Greek victory near Loulo of Chania under the command of Daskalakis,Chalis,Sifakas,Papandreou,Fasoulis and Moustougiannakis.
-Alexandros Ypsilantis is arrested by the Austrian authorities.

14 June 1825
Ibrahim pasha burns the city of Argos.

14 June 1907
The Macedonian freedom fighter Tellos Agras(born Sarantis Agapinos) is assassinated by Comitadjis.

14 June 1917
Government of Eleftherios Venizelos.Resignation on November 4,1920.

14 June 1977
George Kotziàs,neurologist and pioneer in the treatment of Parkinson disease,dies in New York.

14 June 1987
The Greek team wins in Athens the gold metal in the European Basketball Championship defeating the U.S.S.R. team by 103 points to 101.

15 June 1836
The "Royl Mint" is founded.

15 June 1994
-DIΑΝΑ(Democratic Renewal),the party formed by Konstantinos Stefanopoulos,disbands due to the failure in the elections for the European Parliament.
-Manos Hadjidakis dies.
http://www.hadjidakis.gr/

15 June 1995
Earthquake with a magnitude of 6,1 on the Richter scale shatters the city of Aigio.

16 June 1913
The Bulgarian army attacks the Greek and the Serbian positions.It's the beginning of the Second Balkan War.

17 June 1821
-Important victories of the Greeks in Crete.
-Victory of the Greeks near Ioannina.

17 June 1913
The two Bulgarian battalions are obliged to withdraw from Thessaloniki to defensive positions at Kilkis.

17 June 1984
For the second time take place elections for the European Parliament.PASOK takes 41,58% of the votes,New Democracy 38,05% KKE 11,64% KKEint.3,42% EPEN 2,29% others 3,02%

18 June 741
The Emperor Leo III the Isaurian dies.

18 June 1863
The Iouniana,the events of June,begin.The political world in Greece is divided in two adversary poles:the "mountaineers" and the "plainsmen",as the supporters of K. Kanaris and those of D. Voulgaris are named respectively according to the French model.The political controversies end in serious armed conflicts between the supporters of the two parties in the Omonia Square.The centre of Athens is transformed until June 20, into a real battle field,where armed forces and gangs of bandits participate on both sides.The Iouniana will be terminated with the intervention of the ambassadors of the Great Forces.The assessment of the conflicts are about two hundred dead.

18 June 1946
The Third Resolution,which constitutes the base on which all the extraordinary measures of the period 1946-1950 will be supported,is established.This resolution prohibits on sentence of death all kinds of armed action.

18 June 1989
National elections and elections for the European Parliament,take place simultaneously.In both New Democracy is the winner,PASOK and Coalition follow.Due to the electoral law in National elections,New Democracy is unable to form a government.

19 June 240 BC
Eratosthenis calculates the circumference of the Earth.

19 June 741
Konstantinos V,becomes Emperor.

19 June 1806
Eugenios Voulgaris,one of the most important representatives of the modern Greek Enlightenment,dies.


19 June 1865
Evangelos Zappas,businessman,financier and National Benefactor dies in Brosteni,Romania.He was born in North Epirus in 1800.He participated to the Revolution and after the Liberation he emigrated to Bucharest,where he became one of the most important and wealthy land-owners.Among other things he financed the effort of the revival of the Olympic Games.He left his immense fortune to the Greek state for the benefit of the modern Olympics with the purpose to be held every four years "in the manners of our ancestors".The Zappeion Megaron,named after Evangelos Zappas was built with funds provided by him and it was inaugurated in 1888.

19 June 1913
The Greek army shatters Bulgarian forces in the double battle of Kilkis and Lachana.

19 June 1951
Angelos Sikelianos,poet and playwright dies.

19 June 1963
Government of Panagiotis Pipinelis.Resignation on September 28,1963.

19 June 1975
Konstantinos Tsatsos becomes President of the Hellenic Republic.

19 June 2003
With the Summit of the European leaders in Chalkidiki,the Greek presidency of the EU on the first six-month period of the year 2003,is completed.

20 June 1825
Successful attack of the Messolonghi garrisons against Kioutahi's forces.

20 June 1888
An agreement is signed between the Municipality of Athens and the businessman Karolos Horn,in the frame of which the second undertakes the obligation to manufacture lavatories in various squares of Athens.

20 June 1913
The Greek army captures Gevgeli and Nigrita.

20 June 1929
Emmanuel Benakis,National Benefactor,dies.He placed his fortune at the disposal of numerous charitable foundations and likewise contributed to the settlement of refugees in the aftermath of the catastrophe in Asia Minor.His son Antonis,is the founder of the Benaki museum in Athens.
http://www.benaki.gr/index-en.htm

20 June 1978
At 23:04 (local time),the city of Thessaloniki is struck by a powerful and destructive earthquake of the magnitude of 6,5 on the Richter scale.

21 June 1814
English troops capture Corfu island.

21 June 1824
Psara island is destroyed by turkish-egyptian fleet.The sturdy resistance of the locals and the refugees from Chios,Moshonisia and the coast of Asia Minor (estimated to more than 20.000) did not prevent the destruction of the island.More than half of the inhabitants and the refugees are killed or captured whereas a great wave of refugees head to Spetses and the Cyclades.
http://www.diakopes.gr/images/maps/areas/anatolegeo.gif
The island of Psara
"Στων Ψαρών την ολόμαυρη ράχη
περπατώντας η Δόξα μονάχη,
μελετά τα λαμπρά παλικάρια,
και στην κόμη στεφάνι φορεί,
καμωμένο από λίγα χορτάρια
που είχαν μείνει στην έρημη γη."
Διονύσιος Σολωμός

21 June 1826
Unsuccessful military expedition of Ibrahim against Mani.

21 June 1863
Iouniana end with the signing of a truce and the composition of a new Provisional Government which was named "Provisional Government of the Plateau" because it was constituted of both "mountaineers" and "plainsmen". This government guided by Venizelos Roufos possesses the executive power until the arrival of King Georgios in Greece on October,18.

21 June 1913
The Greek army liberates Kilkis and Lachana.

22 June 168 BC
The Macedonian army under the leadership of King Perseas is defeated by the Romans,led by Aemilious Paulus,at Pydna.The Battle of Pydna is considered among the most significant in antiquity because it played an important role in the subsequent political events of Greece.After the fall of the Macedonian kingdom it was only a matter of time for the Romans to take the control of the political affairs in Greece.

22 June 1821
The revolution in Greece together with information of a revolutionary movement in Cyprus,result in the execution of the Archbishop of Cyprus Kyprianos and three other Bishops along with other notables,clergymen and common people of the island.

22 June 1825
Colonel Baron Charles Fabvier (1782 - 1855,Karolos Favieros as Greeks called him)is appointed by the government as Commander of the Tactical Army.

22 June 1837
Ernest Ziller is born in Oberlausitz of Saxony.He will later come to Greece where he will plan many neoclassical buildings.
The Presidential Mansion and residence of the President of the Hellenic Republic is designed by him.Also the National Library was built under his survey.In Thessaloniki,the neoclassical building where the Museum of the Macedonian Struggle is operating,is designed by him.

22 June 1962
In Mount Athos (Aghion Oros) begin the celebrations for the millennium of the Athonite Monasticism.

23 June 1825
Greeks under Kolokotronis are defeated by Turk-egyptians under Ibrahim in Trikorfa of Tripolitsa.

23 June 1913
Greeks capture Doirani.

23 June 1964
Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou meets in the White House the President Lyndon B. Johnson.He is put under pressure to accept retreats in the Cypriot question.

23 June 1996
Andreas Papandreou dies.He served three terms as Prime Minister of Greece.
http://www.agp.gr/agp/content/Home.aspx?d=7&rd=5499005&f=-1&rf=-1&m=-1&rm=-1&l=1

23 June 2005
Manolis Anagnostakis,poet and essayist,dies.

24 June 1949
The Prime Minister Themistoklis Sofoulis dies.

24 June 1960
The Greek-Yugoslavian-Turkish alliance,known as the balkan pact(9/8/1954) is dissolved.

25 June 1821
Ioannis Kolettis declares the Revolution in the villages Sirako and Kalarites of Epirus.

25 June 1912
Konstantinos Tsiklitiras wins one golden (Long Jump without impetus:3,37 m.) and one bronze (High Jump without impetus:1,55 m.) medal in the Stockholm Olympics.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex6/photo3.jpg
Konstantinos Tsiklitiras.

25 June 1994
The European Councils at the Corfu Summit held on 24–25 June 1994,confirm that Cyprus will be among the acceding countries at the next enlargement

26 June 363
The Emperor Julian the Apostate (Ιουλιανός ο Παραβάτης)dies.He had rejected Christianity and had tried to restore the traditional pagan worship.

26 June 1836
Ioannis Zaimis is appointed by King Otto as the first mayor of the city of Patras.

26 June 1867
King Otto,the first modern king of Greece,dies.

26 June 1913
The Greeks capture Stromnitsa.

26 June 1945
Greece along with other 49 countries,signs in the Herbst Theatre auditorium of the Veterans War Memorial Building(San Francisco,USA) the 111-article United Nations Charter.

26 June 1992
In the Summit Meeting in Lisbon,the European Community decides the non-recognition of the Republic of the FYROM,as long as the word “Macedonia� exists in its name.

27 June 363
Iovianos is elected Emperor.He will remain on the throne until February 16,364.

27 June 742
Artabasdos,commander of the Opsikion theme,usurps the throne by Konstantinos V,taking advantage of the fact that the latter was traversing Asia Minor to fight the Arabs on the eastern frontier.A civil war begins.In the end on November 2,743 Konstantinos returns to the throne and Artabasdos is punished by blinding.

27 June 1797
On the fall of the Venetian republic in 1797, by the Treaty of Campo Formio the Ionian Islands come under French rule.

27 June 1911
The Venizelos government restores King Konstantinos in the army as general inspector,despite the opposite opinions of members of the Military Contact.

27 June 1913
The Greek army liberates Kavala.In the same day Sidirokastro is liberated too.

27 June 1921
Begins the general advance towards Ankara during the Asia Minor campaign.
http://www.asxetos.gr/sendata/articles/images/asArticleRecords-531.venizelos_angira.jpg
Greek Troops, crossing the "Salty Desert".

27 June 1985
Athens becomes the first Cultural Capital of Europe.The cultural institution of the European City of Culture was launched on the initiative of the then Greek Minister of Culture Melina Mercouri.Current European Capital of Culture is Patras.
http://patras2006.gr/en/

27 June 1999
Georgios Papadopoulos,the head of the military coup d'état of April 21, 1967 and leader of the military government that ruled the country during the period 1967 - 1974,dies.

28 June 548
Empress Theodora,wife of Emperor Joustinianos I,dies

28 June 1821
Ilias Mavromichalis,son of Petrobeis,hands the fortress of Libadia to Omer Vrionis and Kioshe Mehmet

28 June 1913
The Greek army liberates Serres.When the Greek soldiers enter the city,they find it completely destroyed.The Bulgarian troops before withdrawing,bombarded and burned it.
http://www.serrelib.gr/serres/odigos/12.jpg

28 June 1948
The Cominform recants the Yugoslav leader,Josip Broz Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.This decision will have repercussions to the Greek Civil war,because shortly after Tito will no more recognize his engagements towards the Democratic Army of Greece(DSE) .

28 June 1979
The Greek Parliament ratifies the Treaty of Accession in the EEC,with 193 votes in favour[175 New Democracy,4 KODISO,2 EDIK,4 National Alignment,1 KKE Interior,1 EDA,6 indipendent] 104 votes against[PASOK and KKE] and 3 "present" votes.

28 June 1991
KKE withdraws from Synaspismos(Coalition)

29 June 1822
Mahmut pasha of Drama (Dramalis),Tosal Ali pasha,Mahmut Hasan pasha and Erip Ahmet pasha,heads of powerful military forces camp near Lamia.Aim of their expedition is the repression of the Revolution.

29 June 1850
The Patriarchal Synod issues the Synodic Volume,through which the Greek Ecclesiastical Provinces of the Ecumenical Patriarchate are proclaimed a Self-Governed Church,the Autocephalous Greek Church.

29 June 1874
It is published in the newspaper "Times" («Καιροί») the article of Charilaos Trikoupis entitled "Who's to blame?"(«Τις πταίει»).Trikoupis shows as the person in charge for the political crisis that takes place,the King Georgios I.He negatively comments the King's choices in the formation of the governments and he condemns him for bypassing the parliamentary opinion on the selection of Prime Ministers.

29 June 1917
Venizelos with a decree cancels as anticonstitutional the royal decree of October 1915 with which the king had dissolved the Parliament where Venizelos had the majority.He simultaneously calls that Parliament for a second regular session on July 12.This "resurrected" Parliament remained in the history as "the Parliament of Lazaruses".

29 June 1921
The attack of the Greek army in M. Asia begins,having as objective the occupation of Eski-shehir.

29 June 1994
The European Court vindicates Greece for the embargo put on Fyrom.

29 June 2002
Following a failed bombing attempt on the "Hellas Flying Dolphins" company in the harbour of Piraeus,the Greek authorities capture an injured suspect,Savvas Xiros.He is connected straightly to the terrorist organisation, November 17. Few days later the two safe houses of the organisation are discovered and little by little the clew that leads to the head of the organisation that acted from 1975,begins to unfold .

30 June 763
The Byzantine Empire under Emperor Constantine V,defeats the Bulgarians under the Bulgarian Ruler Telet,in the battle of Anchialos,Euxeinos Pontos.

30 June 1913
The Bulgarian withdrawal is signed by civilian's persecutions in Doxato.Men,women and children are massacred and the village is set on fire.
http://users.att.sch.gr/ipapath/doxato%20old%20photo/doxato%20old_28.JPG

30 June 1949
Government of Alexandros Diomidis.

30 June 1964
Turkey closes with law the Greek schools of Imbros and Tenedos and proceeds to mass expropriations of the Greek properties and transportation to the islands of Turkish settlers .

30 June 1966
The KAT Hospital is founded in Athens.

01 July 1822
Dramalis pasha destroyes the city of Thebes(Θήβα).

01 July 1863
The three Great Powers sign with Denmark the treaty with which they renew the guarantees that they had given in 1832 to Greece,they ratify the election of prince Georgios as King and finally recognize to the Greeks the right to limit the royal power with a Constitution.

01 July 1899
Konstantinos Tsatsos,an eminent politician,philosopher,professor,academic and President of the Hellenic Republic from 1975 to 1980,is born in Athens.

01 July 1913
The Greek army liberates the city of Drama.

01 July 1944
Greece participates with other 43 countries to the Bretton Woods Conference.The structure of postwar world economy is established.Participants also decide the foundation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.

01 July 1989
A coalition government is formed with Tzannis Tzannetakis as prime minister.The government is supported by the parties of New Democracy and Synaspismos,which then included the Communist Party of Greece(KKE).The creation of the coalition government resulted from the impotence of New Democracy to form a government,despite its significant lead in the popular vote,due to the electoral law that PASOK had voted before the elections.

02 July 1824
The government grants amnesty to the anti-governmentals.

02 July 1839
The foundation stone of the National and Capodistrian University of Athens, usually referred to simply as the University of Athens,is placed.
http://www.uoa.gr/

02 July 1881
Under the pressure of the Great Powers the Ottoman Empire is forced to sign with Greece the final Convention of Constantinople with which it cedes to Greece part of Thessaly,the fortress of Pounta in the Amvrakikos Gulf and the region of Arta.

02 July 1989
Government of Tzannis Tzannetakis.Resignation on October 12,1989.

03 July 1821
Important victory of the Greeks under Markos Mpotsaris in Kompoti,Arta.

03 July 1824
Important victory of the Greek fleet near Psara under Miaoulis,Tsamados and Sachtouris.

03 July 1896
Guerrilla teams of Macedonian freedom fighters are sent in Macedonia in order to face the infiltration of the Bulgarians.

03 July 1897
A motion picture is shown for the first time in Thessaloniki,in a cafe-beer hall.

03 July 1913
Meleniko is liberated.On the same day Bulgaria asks a truce.

03 July 1948
The Isthmus of Corinth,rendered useless by the Germans during their withdrawal,operates again.

04 July 1822
-In the battle of Peta,a village near Arta,Greeks and Philellenes under Alexandros Mavrokordatos,are defeated by Turk-Albanians.
-Greeks under the command of Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis lose the battle at Fanari,near Souli.

04 July 1990
The Cypriot government submits the application for accession to the European Union.

04 July 2004
Greece wins the 2004 UEFA European Football Championship.

05 July 1980
The Greek government announces its decision to let the Greek athletes take part in the Olympic Games of Moscow,not participating to the boycott against the Games that the USA had announced reacting against the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan.

06 July 1821
The Russian ambassador in Constantinople Stroganoff,after the command of the Foreign Minister of Russia Ioannis Kapodistrias,delivers to the Gate an ultimatum requiring the respect of the rights of the christian population of the Ottoman Empire.Despite the rejection of the ultimatum by the Turks ,the rupture is avoided with the intervention of the Austrian diplomat Metternich.

06 July 1827
The Treaty of London,the corner-stone of the Greek Independence,is signed by Britain,France and Russia.The Great Powers promise to support the Greek independence,and insist that Sultan Mahmud II accepts an armistace.

06 July 1841
Government of Alexandros Mavrokordatos.

06 July 1850
Expires the naval embargo,also known as "ParkerikÃ*"-after the british admiral Parker-,of Greece from the British fleet.The block of the Greek ports followed the refusal of Greece to accept the requirement of Britain to compensate the British citizen Pacifico,Portuguese ambassador in Athens,for the damage that Greeks caused to his house on Easter 1849.

06 July 1913
The Greek army liberates Nevrokopi.

06 July 1921
The Greek army captures Dorileo in Minor Asia(Eski-shehir).

07 July 1807
According to the peace Treaty of Tilsit,signed by Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Napoleon I of France,Eptanisa(the Ionian Islands),which have been captured by Russians are to be handed over to the French.

07 July 1824
The Greek fleet berthes to the island of Rhodes.

07 July 1825
Omer Vrionis captures the Theseion region in Athens.

07 July 1826
Skirmishes between Greeks and Turks in Mesogia area of Attica and near Athens.

07 July 1908
Dimitrios Vikelas dies in Athens.He is the first president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).With the French Pierre de Coubertin,he contributes to the reinstatement of the Olympic Games.

07 July 1913
The Greek Army captures Petsovo.

07 July 1936
Nikos Xylouris,one of the most important artists of contemporary music,is born in Crete.

07 July 1972
The Patriarch of Constantinople Athenagoras,dies.
http://www.patriarchate.org/

08 July 1821
The Greek fleet under I. Tompazis,N. Apostolis,G. Sachtouris,A. Tsamados,I. Voulgaris and L. Lelechos,destroys eight Turkish transport ships in the straits between Samos and the Minor Asia coasts.

08 July 1908
Greek Macedonian Fighters fight against Bulgarian komitadjis in Voras mountain.It is one of the last conflicts that take place in Macedonia between Greek and Bulgarian guerrillas.

08 July 1941
Metropolitan Damaskinos is reinstalled as archbishop of Athens after the ejection from the throne of archbishop Chrisanthos.This happens after a German intervention,as the latter had refused to be present at the oath-taking ceremony of the Quisling Tsolakoglou government.

09 July 1821
The Turks execute in Lefkosia,Cyprus,the Archbishop Kyprianos and the Bishops Chrysanthos of Paphos,Meletios of Kitium,Lavrentios of Kyrenia.

09 July 1913
The Greek Army captures Mahomia.

09 July 1920
The Italian Foreign Minister Sforza unilaterally condemnes the Venizelos-Tittoni Agreement (29 July 1919) which ceded to Greece the Dodecanese islands,with the exclusion of Rhodes,that remained under Italian occupation.

09 July 1956
The island of Santorini is struck by a devastating earthquake of the magnitude of 7,3 on the Richter scale,which leaves 53 victims.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Santorini_caldera_panorama.jpg/800px-Santorini_caldera_panorama.jpg

09 July 1961
The Association Agreement between Greece and the EEC/EU is signed in the Trophy Hall of the Hellenic Parliament.

10 July 138
Publius Aelius Hadrianus,Roman emperor,dies.Hadrian was so fond of learning Greek literature that he was nicknamed Graeculus ("Little Greek").To him is dedicated the triumphal arch,also known as the "Hadrian's Arch",situated on Amalias avenue,Athens.
http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/0/m/L/AthArchHadrian01-l.jpg

10 July 813
Leo V the Armenian becomes Emperor.He will remain on the throne until his assassination in the cathedral of Hagia Sophia,on Dicember 25,820.

10 July 1807
Nikotsaras,the armatolos of Mount Olympus,dies on his way to Skiathos Island.

10 July 1823
Mavrocordatos is elected President of the Vouleutiko,despite Kolokotronis reaction.The day after he is obliged to resign.

10 July 1913
The Hellenic Army enters the Kresna straits.

10 July 1920
The Hellenic Army captures Arcadioupolis,Eastern Thrace.

11 July 1829
The Fourth National Assembly takes place in the city of Argos.It will conclude its activities on August 6th.

11 July 1832
Charilaos Trikoupis is born in Nafplio.One of the greatest politicians in modern Greek history,he served as a Prime Minister seven times (1875, 1878, 1880, 1882-1885, 1886-1890, 1892 και 1893-1895).
http://www.parliament.gr/syntagma/enotitesPopup/enotita3/7.jpg

11 July 1913
Romania presenting itself as armed intermediary among the fighting parts,calls their governments to send representatives in the Conference of Peace of Bucharest.

11 July 1942
The Germans gather the male Jews in the Square of Freedom (πλατεία Ελευθερίας) in Thessaloniki and they send them in labour camps.They get later released after the payment of a ransom.

11 July 1949
Josip Broz Tito making a speech says that the time has come for his country to close its borders to Greece.

11 July 1988
The day-excursion ship "City of Poros" with 471 persons on board,sailing on the Saronic Gulf,is stormed by Palestinian gunmen of Abu Nidal's organization who kill nine passengers.More than 60 passengers remain injured.
http://tovima.dolnet.gr/data/D2003/D1221/1rei10c.gif

12 July 1823
Lord Byron arrives in Argostoli.

12 July 1827
The Tsar Nicholas I of Russia accepts Ioannis Capodistrias resignation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the empire.

12 July 1913
Battle at Simitli.The Bulgarian troops are forced to bent to the Greek army,while both sides suffer heavy casualties.

12 July 1920
The Hellenic Army liberates Adrianopolis.

13 July 1878
The Treaty of Berlin is signed by the United Kingdom,Austria-Hungary,France,Germany,Italy,Russia and the Ottoman Empire.This treaty revises the Treaty of San Stefano signed on March 3 of the same year,annulling russian plans for the creation of a "great Bulgaria".The Greek memorandum that includes claims for Thessaly,Crete and Epirus becomes partially acceptable and is included in the 13th Protocol of the decisions of the congress.

13 July 1913
The Hellenic Army liberates the city of Xanthi.

13 July 1943
Resistance organisation EDES carries out in the region Makrynoros of Etoloakarnania,operations against the Italian division Brenero,which is directed to Italy in order to strengthen the defence of Sicily against the Allies.

14 July 1824
Great victory of the Greeks under Tzavelas,Safakas,Skaltsas,Panourgias,Drakos and others against Turkish troops in Ampliani.

14 July 1831
Hydrians capture the shipyard and the naval station of Poros Island.

14 July 1913
The Greek Army liberates the city of Komotini.Later,with the Treaty of Bucharest the Hellenic Army has to withdraw and the city is handed back to Bulgaria until May 1920 when it is definitively given to Greece.

14 July 1944
Combined operation of the Sacred Company and of british troops in Symi,against the german-italian guards of the island,causing severe damages to the occupying forces.
Ierόs Lόchos,the Sacred Company,was formed by the Greek units in exile, during WWII under Colonel Christodoulos Tsigantes and is considered the progenitor of the Greek Special Forces.
http://www.army.gr/html/GR_Army/dieuthinseis/DED/images/history/histor56.jpg
Sacred Company's Crest.Sacred Company's motto,seen on the crest,was the Spartan phrase " Ή ΤΑΝ Ή ΕΠΙ ΤΑΣ".

14 July 1992
Terrorist attempt by the organization "17 November" against the Minister of Finance,Ioannis Palaiokrasas,in Syntagma Square.A passer-by is killed.

14 July 1993
An earthquake of 5,4 R strikes the city of Patras.

:clap2::clapping:

Please keep it going! :) We will have an award for best Greek News writer :laugh:

15 July 1821
The troops of Omer Vryonis are defeated by the Greeks Revolutionaries guided by Govginas Aggelis (Govgios) and A.Balalas,in Vrysakia of Euboea.

15 July 1822
Balanced battles take place near Argos.

15 July 1840
According to the London Accord signed between Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire,Crete returns under Ottoman domination.With this accord the Turk-Egyptian war ends.

15 July 1921
Under the presidency of King Konstantinos,assembles in Kioutahia of Asia Minor the martial council with the attendance of the politic and the military leadership of the country.The council decides that the Greek army will advance to Ankara having as objective aim the complete dissolution of the kemalist army.

15 July 1965
King Constantine accepts Prime Minister's Georgios Papandreou resignation after the refusal of the latter to appoint as Defence Minister any other person but not himself,as the king had aked.The events take the name "Iouliana".

15 July 1974
The Cypriot National Guard with the support of units of ELDYK deposes with a military coup the President of Cyprus archbishop Makarios,installing in the presidential rank Nikos Sampson.These events will represent the excuse for the Turkish military invasion of the island on July 20.

15 July 1992
Beginning of a new circle of discussions in New York between the two Cypriot communities,on the proposals put forward by the General Secretary of UN Boutros Boutros-Ghali.The effort to find a solution fails definitively in the end of August.

16 July 1054
Cardinal Humbert of Mourmoutiers,sent by Pope Leo IX,places on the Holy Table of Hagia Sophia the excommunication of the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Kiroularios.A few days later the Patriarch will excommunicate the Pope too.It's the East-West Schism,between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

16 July 1826
Kioutahis arrives in Athens and organizes his camp in the region of Patisia.

16 July 1858
With a royal decree the construction of a Chamber of deputies in the space of the provisional Chamber of deputies,is approved.

16 July 1906
Bulgarian Exarchate elements start a pogrom against the Greeks of Filipoupolis,in Eastern Rumelia.Many Greeks begin to abandon their homeland and they come as refugees in Greece.

16 July 1919
The Venizelos-Tittoni Agreement is signed.According to it,the Italians cede the Dodecanese Islands to Greece with the exception of Rhodes.The Italians agree to support Greek claims in Thrace and Epirus,while the Greeks agree to support an Italian protectorate over Albania.

17 July 1825
Unsuccessful attack of Kioutahis forces against Messolonghi.The defenders of the city refuse to sign an accord with him.

17 July 1912
In the island of Ikaria the islanders expel the Turkish garrison.It's the Ikarian independence.Due to the Balkan Wars,Ikaria is unable to join Greece, something that will happen on November of the same year.
http://www.fotw.net/images/g/gr_ikar.gif
Flag of the free State of Ikaria

17 July 1913
Battle in Predel Hani.Liberation of the city of Feres.

17 July 1953
The Greek Forces respond successfully to the Chinese attack at the position,Hill 420,in Korea,in the frame of the UN Alliance Of Korean War.
http://img456.imageshack.us/img456/9836/korea3ig.jpg
Hellenic Forces in Korea

17 July 1955
27 political prisoners escape from the prison of Vourla in Piraeus.

18 July 1822
Important victory of the Greeks in Krousonas,Crete,under Deligiannakis,Pologeorgis,Zervoudakis.

18 July 1913
The Hellenic Forces arrive before Tzoumagia.It's possible capture opens the road to Sofia,the bulgarian capital.On 12 o'clock an armistice is signed,and military operations end.

19 July 1864
84 deputies from Eptanisa (the Ionian Islands) arrive in Piraeus and are received with great enthusiasm by the Athenians.

19 July 1920
The Hellenic Army has under control the whole of Eastern Thrace with the exception of Constantinople and its outskirts.

19 July 1926
Government of Athanasios Eftaxias.

19 July 1980
The professor Manolis Andronikos announces the discovery of another important tomb in Vergina.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3f/Vergina_Tombs_Entrance.jpg/800px-Vergina_Tombs_Entrance.jpg
The entrance to the "Great Tumulus" (Μεγάλη Τούμπα) in Vergina,Macedonia,Greece.

19 July 1991
The President of USA George Bush visits Athens.From the Greek Parliament he declares his conviction that shortly the Cypriot question will be led to a solution that will be acceptable and viable.

20 July 1821
Omer Vryonis and Omer Beys capture Athens.

20 July 1930
Opening celebration of the underground station of Omonia from Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos.

20 July 1936
The ceremony for the lighting of the Olympic flame takes place for the first time in Olympia.Koula Pratsika is the first "high priestess".The flame arrives in Berkin 11 days later for the 1936 Summer Olympics,officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad,that are held in Germany.

20 July 1974
At 05:30 am the Turkish Army invades Cyprus with deployment of its forces at Pente Mili (Five Mile Point) west of the town of Kyrenia, unloading heavy material,tanks,artillery units and troops.At the same time,Turkish paratroopers,are dropped on the Turkish enclaves of Nicosia - Agyrta.
http://kypros.org/Occupied_Cyprus/cyprus1974/images/invasion/invasion_unloading_material_300_sm.jpghttp://www.hellas.org/cyprus/images/cypara-1.jpg
Turkish troops invade the island of Cyprus

20 July 1989
Yannis Tsarouchis one of Greece's greatest modern artist dies in Athens
http://www.culture.gr/6/69/698/00/l6980502.jpghttp://www.culture.gr/6/69/698/00/l6980504.jpg
Sailor in Sun and Alexandras Square in Piraeus
"A work designed with an investigation of colour is superior to a drawing made patiently with perfect chiaroscuro and proportions - that is,to some extent like a photograph."
"It took me a long time to realize how difficult it is to unite the two styles - that is,the one which revolves around drawing and takes chiaroscuro into consideration,and what we might call the Oriental style,which includes the quality of the colour planes.
[...] It was always my desire to unite the two modes of painting.
Hellenistic painting was a success in its way,and some of that concept passed into the Renaissance,which is more or less faithful to the Hellenistic tradition."
Yannis Tsarouchis

21 July 1425

Death of the emperor Manuel Palaiologos


21 July 1718

Treaty of Passarowitz is signed that gives the Ottomans lands in Peloponessos and Aegean islands..


21 July 1928

The poet Kostas Karyotakis commits suicide

22 July 1943

Over 200.000 people demostrate in Athens against the German's decision to give to Bulgaria the region of Makedonia all the way to the Axios river..
Some 100 dead demonstators made the occupying forces to permanently delay the agreement with Bulgaria..


22 July 1974

Nikos Samson declares the union of Hellas and Cyprus while at the same time, Turkish tanks were entering Kyrinia, paratroopers in the Northern part of the island, more ships were arriving and some 80 planes had landed in Agurta..

23 July 776 BC

The first Olympic 'games' take place..


23 July 1942

Napoleon Zervas forms the EOEA (National Groups of Hellinic Guerillas)


23 July 1949

Tito locks down the the camps of the 'Democratic Army's' within Yugoslavic lands.


23 July 1953

The trial of Nikos Ploumbidis begins in the courtmarshal in Athens


23 July 1974

The Junta falls and K.Karamanlis is called in from Paris. At them same time, Nikos Samson resigns in Cyprus and Glaukos Kleridis takes his position..


23 July 1996

Death of the actress Aliki Vougiouklaki

24 July 1879


Death of poet Aristotle Valaoritis


24 July 1923

The Treaty of Laussane is signed..


24 July 1974

K.Karamanlis arrives at the 'Elliniko' airport from Paris at 02:00. He is sworn President at 04:15 in the presence of General Faidon Gizikis..
Democracy is reinstalled.


24 July 1982

Adultery is ceased to be considered crime by the Penal code.

25 July 325 AD

The end of the first Ecumenical Counsil in which the 'symbols' of beliefs (Our Father) and the methodology of estimating Easter are agreed upon.


25 July 1893

The Korinthian canal is opened/


25 July 1967

The painter Konstantinos Parthenis dies..


25 July 1967

Pope Paul VI visits the Patriach Athinagoras in Konstantinoupoli. This is the first visit of a Pope since the schism in 1054

26 July 1867

King Otto dies


26 July 1946

In Giannitsa 6 members of the 'Democratic Army are sentenced to death. Among them Eirene Gkini (Mirka Gkinova) she is the first woman to be executed since the formation of the modern state.

26 July 1953

Death of General and politician Nikolaos Plastiras

26 July 1974

K.Karamanilis form the 'national union' goverment. A. Papandreou, K. Mitsotakis and representatives of the 'left' have no participation..

27 July 1302

Ottoman and Byzantine troops colide in the region of Batheos in Nikomedia, result was the Byzantine defeat and the loss of the Northern regions of A.Minor


27 July 1832

The National Assembly in Nauplio ratfies the 'power's' decision to appoint Otto as King of Hellas

05 September 1915
Persecutions and slaughters of Greeks in Eastern Thrace.

06 September 1955
The Turkish Pogrom that resulted in the destruction of the Greek Community of Constantinople,takes place.
http://www.macedoniaontheweb.com/forum/pontian-history-asia-minor-forum/234-turkeys-pogrom-september-6-7-1955-a.html?highlight=1955
http://www.macedoniaontheweb.com/forum/interesting-macedonian-books-sources/94-turkish-pogrom-september-6-7-1955-a.html?highlight=1955

07 September 1863
The Parliament of the Ionian Islands declares the Union with Greece.It will be achieved later on with the signature of the Union on 21 May 1864.

08 September 1570
Ottoman forces under Moustafa pasha take control and destroy Lefkosia (Nicosia),which was defended by the venetian Dantelo and the Greek Eugenios Sygklitikos.The fall of Lefkosia meant the predominance of the Ottomans in the entire island of Cyprus.

08 September 1821
The Greek revolutionaries Georgakis Olympios and Ioannis Farmakis lose the battle against the Ottomans in Sekou Abbey in Wallachia.Olympios explodes the bell-tower of the abbey killing along with the surrounded Greek fighters their Ottoman persecutors.

08 September 1822
Naval battle in Spetses.The Greeks under Andreas Miaoulis defeat the Ottomans under Kara Ali.

08 September 1907
Panepistimiou street in Athens becomes an asphalted road.

08 September 1944
-Lela Karagianni,head of the Resistance organisation "Bouboulina" is executed along with other 72 compatriots,by the Germans in Haidari.Lela Karagianni developed a network for hiding Greek and British soldiers,providing them with medical care and getting them out of the country.The Athens Academy awarded her a complimentary "Gold Medallion".
http://www.johnpap.net/proImages/LelaKaragiannh.jpg
Lela Karagianni
-Successful operation of the Sacred Company(Ieros Lochos) against the german guards of Kos island.

08 September 1956
Members of EOKA attack the police station in Kyrenia,Cyprus.

Unfortunately the site I used as my source is down, so I can't assist... :mad:

But its nice to see you back giving this thread some life again..

Good job bro :clapping:

09 September 413 B.C
The end of the disastrous Athenian expedition to Sicily,during the Peloponnesian War.

09 September 337
Constantios becomes Emperor of the East and Constantinos II Emperor of the West Roman Empire.

09 September 780
Emperor Leo IV dies.His son Constantine VI becomes Emperor

09 September 1825
The guardians of Messolonghi defend successfully the city from Kioutachi's attack.

09 September 1850
Amalia as regent of Othon,who at the moment is abroad,dissolves the Parliament and announces elections.

09 September 1922
The Turks enter Smyrna.The city is packed with refugees.The Turks begin to deport all able-bodied Christian men to the interior,killing Greeks and Armenians,looting and setting fire to their houses.The flames from the burning houses spread into a great fire,destroying most of the city and driving thousands of people into the sea.
http://www.i-m-patron.gr/news2/images/genocide_smyrni_1.jpg
Smyrna set on fire, September 9, 1922

09 September 1941
The "Greek National Democratic Union",abbreviated EDES (Ethnikos Dimokratikos Ellinikos Syndesmos),a WW2 Resistance movement is formed in Athens.It is led by colonel Napoleon Zervas.EDES mainly constituted Resistance squads in Epirus and Etoloakarnania and contributed to the liberation of the country by the Germans.

09 September 1948
The battle of Vitsi commences.One army division (XV) and three brigades (3rd, 22nd, 53rd) clash with 9,000 communist rebels.On september 10th,the rebels counter-attack on the government forces.The 22nd Infantry Brigade is caught by surprise and is literaly annihilated.78 infantry men are arrested, tried and put before the firing squad.This is the biggest communist victory in the Greek civil war.

09 September 1993
Four "New Democracy" parliament members withdraw their support from the government led by Konstantinos Mitsotakis.Elections are planned to take place on 10 October.

10 September 1915
With the conform opinion of King Konstantinos,the government led by E. Venizelos,declares general mobilisation.

10 September 1982
Anna Verouli wins the gold medal (70.02m) in javelin at the 1982 European Athletics Championship in Athens.It's the first ever gold medal for Greece in the European Championship.Sofia Sakorafa wins the bronze medal in the same discipline.
http://dbgw.finlit.fi/fili/bff/403/403img/marttila7.jpg
Anna Verouli

11 September 1846
The French Archaeological School of Athens is established.

11 September 1866
Moustafa pasha destroys and sets on fire villages in the region of Chania in reprisal for the action of the Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman troops.

11 September 1920
The government of E. Venizelos raises the military law,dissolves the Parliament and announces elections.

11 September 1922
Revolutionary movement of the military forces that vacate Asia Minor,under the guidance of the officers N. Plastiras,P. Gonatas and D. Fokas that present two basic demands:the resignation of the King in favour of the successor and the reconstruction of the army in Thrace in order to protect the Greek interests in the region.
http://www.e-karditsa.gr/img/plastiras4.jpg
Colonel Nikolaos Plastiras also known as "The Black Horseman" ("O Mavros Cavalaris").

11 September 1943
The Dodecanese islands come under German occupation in the frame of the disarmament of the Italians,former allies of the Axis Powers.

11 September 1986
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos,politician and Prime Minister of Greece,dies in Athens.

12 September 1185
Isaac II Angelos (Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος) becomes Emperor for the first time.

12 September 1829
The battle of Petra in Boeotia (under Dimitrios Ypsilantis) takes place.It's the last battle of the Revolution.

12 September 1943
Members of the Resistance organisation "EOK" (Ethnikes Organosis Kritis-National Organisations of Crete) under Manolis Mpantouvas face with success powerful forces of Germans in the region of Vianou,Heraklion.

12 September 1947
The 3rd Session of the Central Committee of KKE approves the so called "Plan Lakes".The name "Plan Lakes",according to testimonies,derives from the place where the Central Committee of KKE assembled.That is,in the region of Yugoslavia (according to certain other testimonies Albania) near the lakes Prespes.In the general directions this military plan did not differ from the confidential directives that had been sent until April 1947 by N. Zachariadis and G. Ioannidis to M. Vafiadis.The prime objectives were the creation of a "free" region in Macedonia and Thrace with centre the city of Thessaloniki and the transformation of the DSE(Dimokratikos Stratos Elladas,the Greek Civil War Communist army) in a regular army for the achievement of this objective.The communist rebels tried to put in practice this plan bombarding the city of Thessaloniki.
http://www.hri.org/MPA/gr/other/emfilios/images/z9_l.jpg
The first page of a contemporary newspaper commenting the events and the failure of the communist plan.

12 September 1996
In the national elections PASOK takes 41,49% and 162 parliamentary seats,ND 38,12% and 108 seats,KKE 5,61% and 11 seats,Coalition 5,12% and 10 seats and finally DIKKI 4,45% and 9 seats.

13 September 1826
Important victory of the Hellenes under Ioannis Makrygiannis against Kioutachi in Athens.

13 September 1873
Konstantinos Karatheodoris,one of the greatest mathematicians of the modern era,is born.
http://www.karatheodori.gr/#

13 September 1914
Troops of the Autonomous Northern Epirus army made by 170 men,under Lieutenants Ant. Leontokianakis and Per. Drellias,move northern,without orders of the Autonomous Government,enter and liberate Veratio.There,they are being attacked by 2.000 men of the Albanian forces and suffer big losses.Ant. Leontokianakis and G. Stefanakos are captured and executed.

13 September 1928
Prime Minister E. Venizelos with a letter to his Turkish counterpart Ismet Inonou asks the resolution in a peaceful way of the arguments still in suspension between Greece and Turkey.Few days later the Turkish Prime Minister invites him in Constantinople.

13 September 1943
After a heroic battle against a German submarine chaser,off Skiathos island,the submarine "Katsonis" sinks taking down with her 32 men including her Commanding Officer Vassilios Laskos.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/dy/images/DY_FOTO/history/Y1.jpg
the submarine "Katsonis"
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/dy/images/DY_FOTO/history/LASKOS.jpg
Commander Laskos
"Katsonis" final battle
"Well, while we were patroling the Skiathos straights, we received a signal saying that a large German troop transporter was about to reach us. The sub was very old & we couldn't stay submurged for long. So, we had to stay on surface for a long time. This had the result of us being spotted by a German observation station at Trikeri island. Suddenly we spotted over the periscope a large ship coming on us. We thought it was the troop ship. Instead of the transporter though, it was a German Sub chaser (a corvette I think), which started immediately launching depth charges. As I said, the ship was old & couldn't last submurged for long. Laskos did not hesitate, never crossed his mind the possibility of surrendering: "To the surface...Prepare for surface battle" he ordered. Soon, Katsonis was on the surface. The German ship, started firing on us with her guns. A gun shell, cut off the gunner's foot. Laskos, immediately took his place on the gun. There, uncovered, was trying to give us courage, when suddenly, an enemy shell killed him, granting him a long wished proud death."
Interview given by Captain Elias Tsoukalas in 1995.Executive Officer Lt Tsoukalas managed to reach Skiathos after a 9-hour swim when "Katsonis" sank.From Skiathos after an adventurous journey he returned to Egypt,and joined again the submarine flotilla.

13 September 1986
An earthquakes strikes the city of Kalamata in Messinia,Peloponnese.25 persons lose their lives and hundreds are left injured.

13 September 1995
The Interim Accord between the Hellenic Republic and the FYROM is signed in New York.
http://www.hri.org/docs/fyrom/95-27866.html

14 September 326
Saint Helena,the mother of the Emperor Konstantinos the Great,discovers in Jerusalem the cross of the crucifixion.

14 September 629
Emperor Herakleios returns victorious in Constantinople bringing with him the True Cross.

14 September 1814
The "Friendly Society" (Filiki Eteria) is formed by Nikolaos Skoufas,Athanasios Tsakalof and Emmanuel Ksanthos in Odessa with the purpose to overthrow the Ottoman rule over Greece and to establish an independent Greek state.

14 September 1906
In the central square of Drama Armen Kouptsios (Prokopios) from Volakas (a village to the north of Drama) is hanged by the Ottomans.He was a fighter with important national action during the Macedonian Struggle against the Bulgarian komitadjis and the Turks.He was the head of the team to which Bishop Chrysostomos of Drama (later Bishop of Smyrna) assigned the most dangerous missions.

14 September 1934
The decision of the government to advance in the electrification of the railway line up to Kifisia,Athens,is announced.

14 September 1943
The German troops of occupation burn 11 villages in the region of Vianou and execute 352 residents.

14 September 1981
The newspaper "Ethnos",that had interrupted its circulation little after the establishment of the military coup d'etat in 1967,is being published again.

14 September 1999
Yannos Kranidiotis,Alternate Minister for Foreign Affairs,dies tragically aboard the presidential Falcon airplane on the way to Bucharest.A total of six people lost their lives in the accident,when the plane dropped from an altitude of 23.000 feet to 6.000 feet.

14 September 2001
Stelios Kazantzidis,one of the greatest contemporary popular singers dies.
http://alex.eled.duth.gr/politeia/text/ekdilosis/2003/kazantzidis/1.jpg

15 September 1811
The Ottomans hang in Nea Efeso,Crete,Saint Ioannis the New-Martyr.

15 September 1821
In Agios Athanasios,near Tripolitsa,the discussions between the Greek (Kolokotronis,Petrompeis Mauromichalis,P. P. Germanos and Anagnostaras) and the Turkish delegations for the delivery of the capital of Morias to the revolutionaries,turn out fruitless.

15 September 1904
Theodoros Modis,member of the "Defence Committee of Monastiri" is assasinated by Bulgarian komitadjis.

15 September 1909
Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis becomes Prime Minister.

15 September 1916
E. Venizelos and the Admiral Kountouriotis constitute a provisional government in Crete,aiming mainly to the exit of Greece to the World War I,on the side of the Allies forces(Entente).
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/foreign_policy/bg_15.jpg
Eleftherios Venizelos and Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis review the Greek units of the Allied Front during the First World War

15 September 1918
The Greek Army attacks the German-Bulgarians in Monastiri.

15 September 1936
Alexandros Zaimis Prime Minister of Greece and President of the Hellenic Republic,dies.

15 September 1943
Battle in the region of Anathema near Lidoriki,Fokida,between forces of the 5/42 Euzone Regiment (Resistance organisation) and the German forces,leads to the hurried withdrawal of the last ones.

16 September 1462
The Genoese Niccolo Gattilusio delivers under terms the castle of Mytilini,Lesvos Island,to the sultan Mehmed II.The Turks,despite the accord begin to pillage and slaughter the Greek residents of the island.

16 September 1669
The Venetian Francesco Morosini delivers Heraklio,Crete,to the Turks under Ahmet Kiopriloglu,that besieged the city for 21 years.

16 September 1828
The troops of Ibrahim Pasha withdraw from Peloponnese.

16 September 1831
The London Protocol determines the northern borders of the Greek state in the line Amvrakikos-Pagasitikos.

16 September 1904
The itineraries of the railway line Athens-Piraeus commence.

16 September 1905
Macedonian Fighters under Makris and Vlachogiannis collide and dissolve the komitadjis of Naoum,in the villages Grathesnitsa and Dragos in the region of Monastiri-Florina.

16 September 1918
The truce between the forces of Entente and Bulgaria is signed in Thessaloniki.The Bulgarian troops are compelled to abandon the Greek and the Serbian territories that they had occupied.

16 September 1922
King Konstantinos resigns and is sent into exile in Palermo,Italy.New government with Sotirios Krokidas as Prime Minister.

16 September 1927
The major theatre actress Marika Kotopouli presents Euripides' "Hecuba" in Demotic.
http://www.ancientgreekdrama.gr/images/icons/300/politis_2.jpg
Euripides "Hecuba",Panathenaic Stadium,1927

16 September 1977
The soprano Maria Callas,born Maria Anna Sophie Cecilia Kalogeropoulou,dies in Paris.
http://www.callas.it/
http://www.mariacallas.org/imgs/callas57.jpg
"La divina"

16 September 1978
Abortions are legalised up to the fifth month.

17 September 1943
Resistance guerillas of the 5/42 Euzone Regiment under colonel Psaros attack unexpectedly a German vehicle column in the Amfissa-Lidoriki road,causing great damages to it.

17 September 1965
Stephanos Stephanopoulos becomes Prime Minister of the third government that was formed during the "Iouliana" events,also known as "Apostasia".

17 September 1982
Manos Loizos,one of the most important contemporary music composers,dies.
Famous songs:Ah helidoni mou,To zeibekiko tis Evdokias,Ola se thymizoun,O fantaros.

The beginning of the end
Greece halts confessions in schools
17/09/2006

ATHENS, Greece -- The Greek school year started on Friday (15 September) with a first: priests did not hear confessions in classrooms. The government has adopted a new rule barring confessions in schools, in recognition of the fact that Greece is becoming a multicultural society. The Orthodox Church has strongly protested the ban. (AP, Reuters - 16/09/06)

Amarantos is back to continue this amazing thread!!! :) Giasou file

18 September 324
Constantine the Great,after the defeat and the death of Licinius,becomes the sole emperor of the entire Roman Empire.

18 September 1882
Andreas Metaxas,bringing letters of the Greek government to the kings of Europe,departs for Ancona,Italy.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Andreas_Metaxas.JPG/250px-
Andreas Metaxas (1790-1860).Athens,National Historical Museum

18 September 1826
Military operations of Ibrahim pasha in the region of Kalavrita that last until September,30.

18 September 1834
Athens becomes the capital of Hellas.

http://www.athensguide.com/photoalbum/athens/acropolis7.JPG

18 September 1906
Alexandros Zaimis arrives in Crete,where he is appointed Armostis (Viceroy) representing Prince Georgios of Greece.

18 September 1912
The Greek government declares general mobilisation.

19 September 1916
The Bulgarian troops leave from Florina.

19 September 1941
Persecutions of the Greek population from Albanians in the area of Paramithia,Thesprotia.

19 September 1943
Persecutions of the Greek population from the Germans in the area of Karyes,Lakonia

19 September 1944
The German troops leave from Nafpaktos and Argos.

19 September 1957
The Karamanlis government announces that studies have begun for the transportation of Elliniko airport in a different point of the central plain of Attica.

20 September 325 B.C
The Greek fleet of Alexander the Great,under Admiral Nearchos,sets sail from the port of Mattala,in the Indus river estuaries,to return to Persia.After a lot of predicaments it reaches in the end of December the Strait of Hormuz.

20 September 1821
Kara Alis burns the city of Galaxidi

20 September 1922
The conference on the armistice between Greece and Turkey after the Asia Minor Catastrophe,begins in Moudania.

20 September 1942
Members of the Resistance organisation PEAN ("Πανελλήνιος Ένωσις Αγωνιζομένων Νέων"-"Panhellenic Union of the fighting young") explode the building,where the Nazi collaborationist organisation ESPO ("Εθνικοσοσιαλιστική Πατριωτική Οργάνωση"-" National Socialist Patriotic Organisation")keeps its offices.43 Germans and 29 members of ESPO are killed and other 3 German soldiers and 27 members of ESPO are wounded.

20 September 1951
At the close of their conference in Ottawa,all twelve members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization accept Greece as fellow member.

20 September 1961
Resignation of the Konstantinos Karamanlis government.The country is led to elections by the government of general Konstantinos Dovas.The same day with the initiative of Georgios Papandreou the Center Union Party is founded.

21 September 480 BC
Mardonios,a general of Xerxes,captures Athens,which has been abandoned by its inhabitants,and sets fire to the city and to the Acropolis.

21 September 1828
The Captains Andreas Kophos,Andreas Tenekes,Anastasios Paraskeuas and Konstantinos Theophilos,commanders of four warships respectively,penetrate into the Ambracian gulf despite withering fire from the directions of Preveza and of Actium,capture forty-three small crafts and sink an enemy gunboat. Captain Kophos is killed and captain Tenekes is seriously wounded during this daring operation.

21 September 1855
The newspaper "Day"-"Ημέρα" is published in Trieste,Italy,by Ioannis Isidoridis Skylitsis.In 1912,henceforth,as "New Day"-"Νέα Ημέρα" continues its course in Athens.The publication of the newspaper is interrupted in 1945.

21 September 1904
A small force led by Kaoudis attacks the komitadjis bands led by vojevods Mitro Vlachos and Korsakov,who are stationed at the village of Trigono in the Korestia range,causing heavy losses.

21 September 1918
Following the orders of the Greek Commander-in Chief Panagiotis Danglis,Division I assumes the mission to reoccupy Serres,and a detachment of the 1/38th Evzone Regiment enters the city.On the same day the commander in chief and the commander of Army Corps A Lieutenant General Leonidas Paraskeuopoulos enter the city.

21 September 1944
The 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade (known by its Greek acronym as EOT) captures the Italian city of Rimini at 0900 hours,after a hard battle with the Germans.The capture of the city crowned fifteen days of fighting by the brigade,during which time the enemy offered fierce defense,from house to house and from pillbox to pillbox,finally being forced to retreat to a depth of fifteen kilometers.In a ceremony held on the afternoon of the same day in the town square,the flag of the brigade’s Battalion II,the first to enter the city,was accorded military honors in the presence of representatives of the brigade,as well as of Canadian and New Zealand units.After this event the brigade came to be known as the Rimini Brigade.

http://img95.imageshack.us/img95/4598/3rdhmd3wk.jpg
III Ελληνικη Ορεινη Ταξιαρχια-3rd Greek Mountain Brigade (Col. Tsakalotos)
http://img95.imageshack.us/img95/4346/wh22ita221a2km.jpg

Today,the III Mountain Brigade,is a fully mechanized Infantry Brigade (3rd Mechanized Infantry Brigade).Its crest consists of a red shield (Infantry's branch colour) with Goddess Athena and an Armoured Personnel Carrier.The scroll is bearing the word "RIMINI".The Brigade's motto is "Αναφαιρετον οπλον Αρετη" - "Merit is an inalienable Weapon".
http://www.army.gr/n/g/archive/signs/images/3_MK_Ta3.jpg

22 September 597
Slavic tribes undertake the first organized siege of Thessaloniki,during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Maurice.

22 September 1818
The leaders of the Filiki Eteria sign a common agreement in Constantinople broadening the activities of the organization and nominating Ioannis Kapodistrias as its leader.

22 September 1827
The Egyptians begin the gradual devastation of Messenia and the annihilation of the Peloponnesians because,according to Kehayabey,the Maniates and the Messenians refused to submit to Ibrahim.

22 September 1853
The declaration of the Crimean War between the Ottoman Empire,which has the support of France and England,and Russia is accepted with enthusiasm from the Greek political leadership and King Otto,that believe in the victory of the Russians.

22 September 1855
Resignation of Alexandros Mavrokordatos' government.Dimitrios Voulgaris is the next Prime Minister.

22 September 1879
In the "Newspaper of the Government" is reported that Athens,for the first time,is full of colourful posters of the candidate deputies.In the same volume the candidate deputy Rokkos Choidas declares his faith in democracy and his abomination towards monarchy.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/domestic_policy/apr_06.jpg
Rokkos Choidas(1830-1890)

22 September 1912
A military agreement is signed in Sofia between Greece and Bulgaria stipulating mutual support in case of a Turkish attack.

22 September 1915
After his disagreement with King Konstantinos for the policy that Greece should follow in WWI,Prime Minister Venizelos resigns.It's the beginning of the National Schism.

22 September 1976
The health-notebook for the children is put in use .

23 September 867
Basil I the Macedonian (Βασίλειος Α΄ο Μακεδών),the founder of the imperial Macedonian dynasty of Byzantium,becomes Emperor.He will rule until August 29,886.

23 September 1821
-The capture of Tripolitsa.After a siege lasting three months the Greek forces under Theodoros Kolokotronis capture Tripolitsa.This event was very significant for the land operations of the Revolution.The Turkish losses reach 10.000 dead and 8.000 prisoners.The Greeks suffer 300 killed.

-160 Greeks under Farmakis,that survived after Georgakis Olympios blew up the Seko monastery,capitulate to Salih Pasha,who in violation of the terms of the surrender agreement,kills them all.

23 September 1828
Ioannis Kapodistrias sends a confidential memorandum to the representatives of the three Great Powers,pointing out that the borders of the new state are stifling.

23 September 1853
King Otto dissolves the Parliament and announces elections

23 September 1863
The Ionian Parliament votes the union of the Ionian Islands with Greece.
http://www.corfuxenos.gr/corfu/images/io-parl_ph.jpg
The historic Ionian Parliament building in neoclassical style.Nowdays it houses the museum of the Fighters for the Heptanesian Indepedence,a memorial to those who struggled for the liberation of the Ionian islands.

23 September 1912
The Turks leave from Samos island.

23 September 1918
The 3rd Infantry Regiment of Division XIII recaptures Rodovilos in Drama,and the 5/42nd Evzone Regiment of the same division recaptures Kavala.Both regiments were obliged to assume attack formation on account of the Bulgarian refusal to evacuate these regions.The determined posture of the Greeks forced the Bulgarians to withdraw.

23 September 1974
In Lefkosia an exchange of the captives between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots takes place under the monitoring of the UN.

23 September 2000
The pier base of the first pylon of the Rion-Antirion bridge is placed.The pier base has a diameter of 90 metres and a weight of 70.000 tons.
http://www.gefyra.gr/Greek/WorksProgress/Images_pages_materials/Images/kino1-0800.jpg

24 September 775
Leo IV becomes Emperor.A few days earlier (14 September) his father,Constantine V,died during a campaign against the Bulgarians.

24 September 787
In Nicaea of Bithynia,the Seventh Ecumenical Council begins its works under the presidency of Patriarch Tarasius and the presence of 350 bishops.It is the last session that the Eastern Orthodox Church recognizes.The works last up to 13 October of the same year and lead to the restoration of the holy images(Icons).

24 September 1180
Alexios II Komninos becomes Emperor.

24 September 1822
The provincial representatives of east Central Greece declare Odysseas Androutsos commander in chief.In a grandiose ceremony the hierarchs of Athens and Thebes present Androutsos with the commander’s sword,which belonged to Omer Vryoni,valuable booty belonging to the city of Athens
http://wiki.phantis.com/images/f/fc/Odysseus_androutsos.jpg
Odysseas Androutsos


24 September 1824
The Greek fleet,commanded by Admiral Miaoulis,and the Turco-Egyprian fleet under Ibrahim Pasha,clash off Chios,between Karampourna and Kardamyla. During the sea battle two Turkish frigates are set on fire while the other ships of the fleet,suffering serious damage and casualties,set out for Mytilini.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Miaoulis.jpg/200px-Miaoulis.jpg
Admiral Andreas Miaoulis


24 September 1867
The Grand Vizier Ali Pasha arrives in Crete and issues a declaration to its Greek inhabitants asking for their surrender and offering amnesty.The Cretans categorically refuse the offer.

24 September 1908
The people of Chania declare the union of Crete with Greece abolishing the office of High Commissioner and requesting that King George assumes the governing of the island.

24 September 1915
Government of Alexandros Zaimis.

24 September 1942
Submarine "Nereus" under Lieutenant Commander Rallis,sinks the troopship "Fiume" (1.500 tons) in the Rhodes island area.On September 25th 1942,sinks a large fully loaded Italian sailer as well as on different dates smaller Italian sailers.It was also used for the transport of commando units and other personnel leaving the German occupied Greece.On May 3rd 1947 it was decommissioned.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/dy/images/DY_FOTO/history/Y4.JPG
Nereus-Y4

24 September 1947
The leadership of KKE (N. Zachariadis) rejects the proposal of the Sofoulis government that requested the delivery of the arms possessed by the guerillas and granted amnesty to them.

25 September 1687
During the siege of Athens,a Turkish ammunition dump inside the Parthenon is ignited due to the bombardment of the temple by the Venetian troops of Morosini;the resulting explosion damages severely the Parthenon and its sculptures.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Ac.parthenon3.jpg
The southern side of the Parthenon, which sustained considerable damage in the explosion

25 September 1822
Victory of the Greeks under Nikitaras,in Megara.

25 September 1849
Nikitas Stamatelopoulos also known as Nikitaras the Turkofagos(=Turk Eater)dies in Piraeus.He was given the name Turkofagos when few days after the battle in Valtetsi he responded successfully in Doliana against the attack of 6000 Turks that in the end left in the field of the battle 300 dead and the total of their firearms.
http://www.parliament.gr/1821/images/port/2.jpg
Νικηταράς ο Τουρκοφάγος

25 September 1838
The newspaper "Aιων"-"Century" is published by Ioannis Filimonas.It will be published until 1891.

25 September 1842
The newspaper "Συνταγματική"-"Constitutional" is published by Ch.Sakellaridis.It will be published until 1868.

25 September 1944
A Ieros Lochos team of twenty-five men,led by Major P. Demopoulos, conduct a raid against the island of Mykonos.The raiders blow up an ammunition dump,kill six Germans and wound seven more,then depart.On the next day,a patrol element of the raiders that had been left behind,reported to its command that the Germans had abandoned the island.

25 September 1974
The official newspaper of the Communist Party of Greece,"Rizospastis", is published again legally after 27 years.

26 September 1821
The Turkish garrison of the Great Bastion of Tripolitsa surrenders to the Greeks.Thus the last point of Turkish resistance end and the entire city is captured.

26 September 1916
The Schism (dichasmos) of the Greek state.A provisional government is established in Thessaloniki by Eleftherios Venizelos and the two other members of the Triumvirate,General Panagiotis Danglis and Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis.It included members of the National Defence Committee that had been formed in Thessaloniki on December,1915.The provisional government devoted itself to reinforcing the Allies and to the swift build up of a powerful army.The core of this army came from military elements that came over to the National Defense movement in Thessaloniki between 20 August and 2 September 1916 and by the recruitment of men of Macedonia and the islands.Its immediate objective was to wage war against the Bulgarians and the Central Powers that already occupied large parts of national territory (including eastern Macedonia-Rupel).The government’s longer term political objective was to participate in the peace conference at the end of the war, as an ally of the forces expected to be victorious.At that conference it would pursue the liberation of unredeemed Greek population still living in areas occupied by Turkey and Bulgaria.

26 September 1929
The Agricultural Bank of Greece is founded.

26 September 1932
The village of Ierissos,Chalkidiki,is extensively damaged by a powerful earthquake that leaves 161 victims and destroys a lot of other settlements in the wider region.
http://www.ierissos.com/ierissos/siesmos/seismos3.GIF

26 September 1943
The Greek destroyer "Vasilissa Olga",under the command of Lieutenant Commander G. Blessas,is sunk inside the port of Leros after a surprise German air attack by twenty-five Stuka dive-bombers,after the capitulation of Italy.Her Lt. Cdr Blessas,6 officers and 65 petty officers and sailors were lost.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/oldShips/B.Olga_D-15_1.jpg
"Vassilisa/Queen Olga"

26 September1944
A conference is convened under the chairmanship of General Henry Maitland Wilson,commander in chief of the Allied Forces in the Middle East,in which participate the Greek prime minister Georgios Papandreou,the British Resident Minister Harold Macmillan,and Generals Napoleon Zervas and Stefanos Sarafis,chiefs of the guerrilla forces in Greece.The above reach what came to be known as the “Caserta Agreement�,according to which all Greek regular and guerrilla forces are placed under the command of the British Lieutenant General Sir Ronald Scobie.The guerrilla leaders furthermore promise to prevent their forces from undertaking any effort to seize power at the time during which the liberation of the country is expected.In the Government of National Unity,under PM Georgios Papandreou that is recognized as the legitimate government of Greece by the Allies,six EAM/ELAS nominees enter in various positions.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/liberation/big/ap_05.jpg
General Sarafis(ELAS),General Scobie,General Napoleon Zervas(EDES)

26 September 1946
The first serious attempt of the Greek armed forces to suppress the communist revolt takes place.The attack against the Grammos complex,completed four days later,is unsuccessful.


26 September 1989
Pavlos Bakoyannis,known for his broadcasts against the Greek military dictatorship of 1967-1974 on Deutsche Welle radio,is shot and killed in the front entrance of his office by members of the terrorist organization "November 17".At the time of his murder his was a deputy of the the New Democracy party.

26 September 2000
The passenger ferry "Express Samina" sinks near the island of Paros.80 of the over 500 passengers lose their lives.

27 September 1831
The assassination of Ioannis Kapodistrias.Ioannis Kapodistrias,Governor of Greece,is assassinated by Konstantinos and Georgios Mavromichalis on Sunday at 0635 hours,while crossing the gate of the church of Saint Spyridon in Nafplio,in order to attend the Holy Liturgy.This heinous murder, reflecting the major political and social conflicts of the post-revolutionary period,is a tragic event that shakes the Greek people and delays significantly the first effort to organize the state.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Ioannis_Kapodistrias_%281776-1831%29..JPG/300px-Ioannis_Kapodistrias_%281776-1831%29..JPG
Ioannis Kapodistrias

27 September 1905
The Turks hang in the At Pazar square of Monastiri the brave guerrilla leader of the Macedonian Struggle Kapetan Kottas,who came from Roulia (mod. Kotta) in the Korestia range.The brave Kottas,slavophone,had an unbroken Greek soul and consciousness and his contribution to the struggle of Macedonian Hellenism was immense.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/foreign_policy/bpr_02.jpg
Kapetan Kottas,Benaki Museum

27 September 1916
Government of Spiridonas Lampros,controlling Southern Greece.

27 September 1918
The Hellenic Army liberates Eastern Macedonia from Bulgaria.Division XIII recaptures the entire region up to Chrysoupolis(Sarishaban) and to the mouth of the river Nestos.Division I recaptures Nea Zichne(Zeliachova),Alistate,Kalapoti,Lisse Fort,Kato Neurokopi (Zirnovo) and Drama,where it deploys as of 1 October 1918.

27 September 1923
The Italian troops leave Corfu and Paxi islands.

27 September 1941
The formation of EAM.The “National Liberation frontâ€�- "Εθνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο" is formed under the direction of the Communist Party of Greece (Seventh Plenum) and it includes parties,personalities and ordinary members representing a broader political and intellectual spectrum.EAM is ostensibly a coalition of six political parties joined by the common purpose of resisting the Axis occupation.In reality EAM is a front organization for the KKE,for the communists controll its leadership conmittee. EAM develops into the largest resistance organization during the period of the enemy occupation,its membership covering the entire country.It plays a leading role in the country’s internal political and military developments,among Greek exiles in the Middle East and in events that become inextricably linked with Greece’s liberation from the Italian-German yoke.

27 September 1944
Battalion I of the 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade attacks the Italian city of Belaria,capturing it.On the same day it crosses the Rubicon river.BBC in London praises the Greek Brigade for this bold action.

27 September 1947
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos with command of Georgios Papandreou government, arrives in Kalamata in order to convince Aris Velouhiotis,leader of a communist band,to stop his attacks against civilians.

27 September 1950
Elements of the 42nd Brigade and of Divisions I and III move to the Lamia area in order to form the Greek Expeditionary Corps ("Eλληνικό Eκστρατευτικό Σώμα Κορέας",known as EKSE).EKSE would become part of the United Nations forces that had undertaken to oppose the North Korean invasion of the territory of the Republic of South Korea.That invasion had begun on 25 June 1950 and the UN decision to oppose it was taken on June,29.Twenty-one UN member-states contributed combat and medical units to this effort,of which Greece was one.The Greek government decided to form EKSE and to include land and air forces in this unit.

27 September 1963
Stylianos Mavromichalis becomes Prime Minister of Greece.

28 September 1825
Karaiskakis destroys in Kravasara a Turkish military force.

28 September 1833
The Turks hang 50 Cretan revolutionaries in Mournies,Chania.

28 September 1922
A truce agreement is concluded at Moudania in Asia Minor between Britain, France and Italy on the one side and Turkey on the other,that ends the state of war between Greece and Turkey.Greece signed this agreement two days later.The agreement required the evacuation by the Hellenic Army of the Thracian territory east of the Evros river.

28 September 1941
The Bulgarian troops of occupation proceed in executions of Greeks in Eastern Macedonia.In Doxato,Drama and few days later in Nigrita and Kilkis.These executions lead 200.000 persons to leave their homes and move to other regions controlled by other forces of the Axis and not Bulgaria.

28 September 1944
The President of the Government of National Unity Georgios Papandreou addresses the Greek people by radio.In his message he informs them of the agreement between the government and the guerilla forces and appeals for unity during the last phase of the struggle against the conquerors.

28 September 1952
The EKSE (Hellenic Expeditionary Force in Korea) Battalion captures the strongly organized Big Nory (Hill) in the Imjin river position,after a fierce attack supported by the US Air Force.An order was given to fall back from the hill in order to limit casualties,after the Chinese executed human wave counterattacks.The EKSE rushed enemy positions on the night of 28-29 September and the hill was recaptured in a matter of ten minutes.
http://www.outpostharry.org/patch.jpg
Greek Forces in Korea.

28 September 2000
Konstantinos Kenteris wins the gold medal in the 200 m final at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
http://194.30.231.7/kathnews/photos/27-09-06/27-09-06_165786_21.jpg

29 September 480 BC
The Naval Battle of Salamis.The "wooden wall" saves Greece when the Hellenic fleet under the command of Eurybiades utterly defeats the numerically superior Persian fleet in the straits of Salamis.This victory saves the Greek civilization from tyranny and enslavement,but according to many historians also the eventual flowering of the Western culture,which would likely have been snuffed out completely,had the Persians overrun Greece.The Persians lose in the battle two hundred ships with all hands on board,while the Greeks only forty.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1f/Battle_salamis.gif
"Ω παίδες Ελλήνων,ίτε,
ελευθερούτε πατρίδ',ελευθερούτε δε
παίδας,γυναίκας,θεών τε πατρώων έδη,
θήκας τε προγόνων` νυν υπέρ πάντων αγών."
(Αισχύλος,"Πέρσαι",402-405)
"Forward, sons of the Greeks,
Liberate the motherland,liberate
Your children,your women,the altars of the gods of your fathers
And the graves of your forebears:
This is the fight for everything."
(Aeschylus,"The Persians")

29 September 1949
Yorgos Dalaras,popular singer,is born in Piraeus.
http://www.dalaras.gr/

29 September 1968
A referendum ratifies the Constitution that was drawn up by the dictatorship,with the expected percentage of 91,87% in favour.

29 September 1969
The dam which provides water from Mornos river to the Attica basin,is inaugurated.

30 September 1822
Paleon Patron Germanos and G. Mavromichalis depart for Rome,bringing letters of the government to the Pope.

30 September 1912
Greece,Serbia and Bulgaria ask from the sultan the recognition of the rights of the christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire.The Balkan countries reject the Austrian-Russian mediation.The Porte rejects the allied claims.

30 September 1918
Official charge by the Greek side of the crimes committed by the Bulgarians in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace.

30 September 1939
BBC broadcasts for the first time transmissions in Greek.

01 October 331 BC
Alexander the Great defeats King Darius and his army,in Gaugamela.Darius flees,and while initially surviving,is later killed by the satrap Bissos.The battle of Gaugamela was decisive as it resulted in the disintegration of the Persian army and the recognition by most Persian satraps of Alexander as their legitimate ruler.
http://war.blog.excite.it/img/battle_gaugamela_decisive.gif

01 October 1826
Giannis Gouras,the commander of the Acropolis garrison,is killed at the age of 35 by a Turkish round while observing enemy lines.

01 October 1861
The first Hellenic postage stamp is published.It pictures the head of the god Hermes-Eρμής,the messenger of the Olympians gods.
http://www.elta.gr/index.asp

01 October 1912
The Greek Parliament welcomes the Cretan deputies.

01 October 1941
The Bulgarian troops execute 130 Greeks from Kormitsa,Serres.

01 October 1966
The trial for the murder of the deputy of EDA party-"Eνιαια Δημοκρατικη Αριστερα", Grigorios Lamprakis,begins in Thessaloniki.

01 October 1974
Spyridon Marinatos great Greek archaeologist,dies.His most notable discovery was the site of Akrotiri on the island of Thera,Santorini.
http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21121a/00/mk21a08g.jpg
The Archaeological Site of Akrotiri of Thera.

02 October 322 BC
Aristotelis,great Greek philosopher,student of Platon and teacher of Alexander the Great,dies.He was born in Stagyra of Chalkidiki (Macedonia,Greece) on 384 BC.
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/BigPictures/Aristotle_3.jpeg

02 October 1540
A peace treaty mediated by the French is signed between Venice and the Turks,by which the latter occupy Nafplio and Monemvasia.

02 October 1828
The last of Ibrahim’s Turko-Egyptian troops evacuate the Peloponnese.

03 October 1866
The construction of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens begins.
http://www.culture.gr/2/21/214/21405m/00/mm05m011.jpg

03 October 1912
Turkey rejects the ultimatum of the Balkan states concerning the rights of the Christian communities of the Ottoman Empire,and recalls its ambassadors from Sofia and Belgrade,but not from Athens.

03 October 1919
The Hellenic Army liberates Xanthi.

03 October 1926
The first International Fair of Thessaloniki is inaugurated.

04 October 1912
The diplomatic representatives of the three Balkan allies deliver a notification, which constitutes substantially a declaration of war against Turkey.The Sublime Porte answers with a declaration of war against Serbia and Bulgaria,wishing to avoid the entanglement of the Greek navy in the military operations.

05 October 1912
Greece declares war on Turkey,marking the beginning of the First Balkan War. The Hellenic Army crosses the Greco-Turkish frontier into Thessaly.Objective aim is the liberation of Kozani and then of Thessaloniki and Florina.The same day the Greek fleet sets sail from Neo Faliro for Oreoi,Euboea.On the Epirus front,despite the initial defensive mission by the Army of Epirus,it is decided to push the enemy back,beyond the Arachthos line,and to capture the most powerful defensive position of Gribovo.

05 October 1912
Volunteer Scout forces,led by Hellenic Army officers,land in Ierissos Bay in Chalkidiki,and began to advance inland ousting the small Turkish garrisons and establishing Greek authority.

05 October 1915
King Konstantinos forces the resignation of the Venizelos government.This takes place despite of the fact that the government received a vote of confidence on the same day.The issue in dispute is whether Greece would honor its obligations to support its ally Serbia that is at war with the Central Powers.This obligation entail joining the Allies and taking part in the war,on the successful result of which depend the satisfaction of the Greek national territorial claims.On the same day,Anglo-French forces land in Thessaloniki without the consent of the Greek government.The Allies aim to force Greece to abandon neutrality as they anticipate a Bulgarian attack against Serbia.

05 October 1922
The decision of the Revolutionary Government is published,according to which an interrogative committee is created in order to verify the persons in charge of the national tragedy in Asia Minor.

05 October 1944
Armed groups among the inhabitants of Karpathos,supported by the entire population of the island,rise against the local German and Italian garrisons, which they force to surrender to the revolutionary committee that had been formed.The Axis troops that surrendered were transported to Egypt.Greek authorities are then established on the island.

05 October 1951
The EKSE (Greek Expeditionary Force in Korea) Battalion captures Hill 313 (Scotch),near the Imjin river in the Yonchon-Chorwon region,after a furious three-day attack that was supported by the US Air Force.It is the most extensive and bloody EKSE operation and also the most distinguished.The unit suffered twenty-eight killed and eighty-seven wounded.The battalion was awarded an honorable mention by the president of the United States.

06 October 1821
Proclamation of D.Ypsilantis for the convocation of a National Assembly.

06 October 1907
Forces led by the guerrilla leaders Papavieros and Katsigaris attack the village of Papadia in Morihovo,where they inflict heavy losses on the komitadjis who were stationing there.

06 October 1912
The Hellenic Army in Thessaly,after fighting Turkish forces under the command of Prince Konstantinos,liberate Elassona.
http://www.postcardman.net/133749.jpg
Crown Prince of Greece Konstantinos.

06 October 1912
The Hellenic Army of Epirus,under the command of Lieutenant General Konstantinos Sapountzakis,cross the Arachthos river and after a brief fight captures the Gribovo position,where it begins to deploy defensively.

08 October 1912
The Hellenic Army liberates Deskati.The Hellenic Navy lands on Moudros liberating Lemnos island.In a short time the natural harbour of Moudros is changed in an advanced martial naval station for the Greek fleet,which up to that moment used as naval station Oreoi in Euboea island.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex3/photo9.jpg
Evzones attack during the Deskati Battle.

08 October 1987
Konstantinos Tsatsos,revered diplomat,professor of law and politician who served as President of the Hellenic Republic from 1975 to 1980,dies in Athens.

09 October 1479
Korkodilos Kladas arrives in Mani and liberates Oitylo and various fortresses and villages of the region.

09 October 1824
Panoutsos Notaras is elected President of the Parliament.

09 October 1926
The Ministry for the Military with ordinance number 219188 awards the prize of the panhellenic competition for the design of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier,to be built in front of the main entrance of the Parliament building, facing the Constitution Square,to the architect Emmanuel Lazaridis.The tomb for the Unknown Soldier depicts a carved figure of a fallen ancient Greek hoplite.The names of all places where Greek soldiers have died,are engraved on the wall.On the left side of the tomb is written:"One empty bier decked for the missing" (Mia Kline Kene Pheretae Estromene ton Aphanon).On the right side of the tomb is written:"Heroes have the whole earth for their tomb" (Andron Epiphanon Passa Ge Taphos).Both are taken from Pericles' Funeral Oration.The Tomb contains the remains of unknown Greek soldiers from the Balkan Wars.In April 1929 work began and the monument was completed on March of 1932.Its inauguration took place at the time of the National Holiday (March 25th) of the same year.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/EVZONES_GROUP.JPG/800px-EVZONES_GROUP.JPG
http://www.greekarchitects.gr/images/news/20.jpg
http://www.greekarchitects.gr/images/news/20b.jpg
http://www.greekarchitects.gr/images/news/20a.jpg
http://www.greekarchitects.gr/images/news/voulh.jpg
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the Hellenic Parliament.

09 October 1944
During the meeting between Churchill and Stalin in Moscow it is agreed that Greece remains under British influence (the "percentages agreement" or agreement of Moscow).The content of the agreement is ignored by the Greek political leadership but also by the leadership of the KKE.

09 October 1958
The population of Greece amounts in 7.632.801 residents.

10 October 1862
On the night of 10-11 October a National Resolution is issued regarding the abolition of the reign of King Otto.The text was the following:
The sufferings of the nation have ended.All provinces and the capital together with the Army have put an end to them,expressing the common will of the Greek nation as a whole.It is hereby declared and resolved:The reign of Otto is abolished.The regency of Amalia is abolished.A Provisional Government has been constituted in order to govern the state until a National Assembly has been called;the membership of the Provisional Government includes the following citizens : Dimitrios Voulgaris,President;Konstantinos Kanaris,Venizelos Roufos.A national constituent assembly convenes immediately in order to draft a constitution and to elect a leader. Long live the nation.Long live the Homeland.[This document was]drawn up in Athens,on the 10th of October,in the year of our Lord 1862.

10 October 1912
Divisions I,II,III,IV,V of the Hellenic Army in Thessaly capture the fortified position of Sarantaporos after a fierce two-day battle.The Greek victory opens the way for the liberation of Macedonia.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex3/photo10.jpg
The Battle of Sarantaporos.
http://www.army.gr/html/GR_Army/istoria/mouseia/Sarantaporou/SARADAPOROS-3.jpg
The Battle of Sarantaporos.In blue the Greek advance,in red the Turkish fortifications.

10 October 1912
Division IV of the Hellenic Army liberates Servia in western Macedonia and advances to Kozani.

10 October 1943
German SS forces begin to move at midday from Larissa towards Descati.A force of ELAS Division I strucks the Germans at night.German casualties include twenty–five killed.They also lost to the guerillas two trucks,one passenger car,one motorcycle and one radio.The guerillas lost three killed.

11 October 1822
The Executive Body of the Greek government,after a proposal of the Legislation,appoints Markos Botsaris as General of the west Central Greece. Botsaris replaces G. Varnakiotis,because the latter had contacts with Omer Vryonis which were deemed suspicious.

11 October 1823
Naval battles in Artemisio of Volos and in Oreoi of Istiea between Greek and Turkish ships with balanced results.

11 October 1826
Aid to the besieged in Acropolis,who in the previous days were under turkish attack,by Delligiorgis and Krieziotis.

11 October 1862
The dethronement of Otto.After the revolution by the dissidents spread throughout Greece the monarchy is abolished.Otto,who with his wife Amalia was touring the countryside on board the ship Amalia,decides to leave the country.He leaves on board the British vessel Scylla on October,12 and reaches Venice on the 17th of the same month.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/The_expulsion_of_King_Otto_in_1862.jpg/400px-The_expulsion_of_King_Otto_in_1862.jpg

11 October 1920
Death of King Alexandros I in Athens,of sepsis,after having been bitten by a pet monkey in the Royal Gardens.His successor is his younger brother Pavlos, who denies the rank.As regent is appointed admiral P. Kountouriotis.

11 October 1943
A German element of twenty men clashes with an ELAS guerrilla company in the Trikala area and is annihilated.The guerrillas lose one officer and one man killed.

11 October 1952
Government of Dimitrios Kiousopoulos.

12 October 322 BC
Demosthenes,prominent Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens,dies.
http://www.nndb.com/people/705/000094423/demosthenes-1-sized.jpg

12 October 1833
Government of Alexandros Mavrokordatos.

12 October 1912
The Hellenic Army liberates Philippias,Kozani and Grevena.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex3/photo12.jpg
The Greek Army in Kozani.

12 October 1944
The German occupation forces begin to evacuate Athens and the first Greek and Allied troops begin to arrive into the city.

12 October 1944
Troops of ELAS of Athens effect a timely occupation of the electric power production plant in Keratsini on the night of 12-13 October in cooperation with the plant personnel.They are able to avert the plant blowing up by the retreating Germans,by engaging them in battle.This is the last operation by the Resistance in the Athens area and result in seventeen Greek patriots killed and an unknown number of Germans.

12 October 1989
Government of Ioannis Grivas.

13 October 1904
The death of the Macedonian Freedom Fighter (Μακεδονομάχος) Pavlos Melas.The general commander of the forces of western Macedonia,Second Lieutenant Pavlos Melas (nom-de-guerre Mikis Zezas),was surrounded by Turkish detachment in the village of Statista (today named Melas) in the Korestia range,after having been betrayed by agents of the Bulgarian Committee.Melas was seriously wounded and died after a hard fight battle,while seven if his men were taken prisoners.The sacrifice if this young officer has since become symbol of the struggle for the liberation of Macedonia.
http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/HellenicMacedonia/media/original/a3313a.jpg
Pavlos Melas in the costume of a Makedonomachos,from a painting by G. Iakovidis,Athens,National Historical Museum.
http://photo.kathimerini.gr/kathnews/photos/17-10-04/17-10-04_1283360_41.jpg
Pavlos Melas photographed by Gerasimos Dafnopoulos.
http://clubs.pathfinder.gr/getphoto.php?album=69578&pic_id=3
Newspaper ΕΜΠΡΟΣ of Thessaloniki on the death of P.Melas.
http://www.thessalonikeis.gr/PAYLOSMELASEIKONES/PavlosNatalia1895.jpg
Pavlos Melas with his wife Natalia (sister of Ion Dragoumis),1895.
http://photo.kathimerini.gr/kathnews/photos/17-10-04/17-10-04_1283359_41.jpg
Pavlos Melas with his wife Natalia,his son Mikis and his daughter Zoi.
http://photo.kathimerini.gr/kathnews/photos/17-10-04/17-10-04_1283356_51.jpg
Alexander the Great and Pavlos Melas,by N. Eggonopoulos.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PavlosMelas_statue_Thessaloniki.jpg/250px-PavlosMelas_statue_Thessaloniki.jpg
http://photo.kathimerini.gr/kathnews/photos/17-10-04/17-10-04_1283369_51.jpg
Statue of Pavlos Melas in Thessaloniki.
http://photo.kathimerini.gr/kathnews/photos/17-10-04/17-10-04_1283367_51.jpg
Monument of P. Melas in Athens.

13 October 1950
The 13 Transport Flight/13 Sminos Metaphoron (13 Σμηνος Μεταφορων) is established operating 9 C-47D Dakota aircrafts.
http://www.hellasarmy.gr/c47-3b.jpg
http://www.hellasarmy.gr/c47-1b.jpg
Douglas C-47D Dakota
http://koti.welho.com/msolanak/badg13korea.gifhttp://www.insitu.gr/psoipa/images/13sminos.gif
The patch worn by the members of the 13th Transport Flight in Korea (1950-1953).

14 October 1904
Ekaterini Chatzigeorgiou,the village teacher of Gerchishta in Gevgelije,ignoring the threats of the Bulgarian Committee to force her to abandon efforts to reinforce the Greek identity of the inhabitants,fights against the Bulgarian komitadjis barricaded inside her house with five other fighters.After a four-hour battle she and her comrades are burned alive.

14 October 1912
The Hellenic Army (Field Army of Thessaly) forces open the passes of Vermion mountain,along the Kozane-Beroea axis.

14 October 1914
Reoccupation of northern Epirus by the Hellenic Army.The Hellenic Army,acting under instructions of the Triple Entente,reoccupies Northern Epirus in order to maintain order in the region,as disorder and chaos have engulfed Albania.The Entente proposed to the Greek government that if it entered the World War I on its side,the incorporation of the Northern Epirus into Greece would be recognized as definite.

14 October 1934
The Court in Athens is housed in the Arsakeio School.
http://www.arsakeio.gr/pics/fe_arsakeio.jpg

14 October 1944
The first elements of the Sacred Band return to Athens from the Middle East.A part lands in Hellenicon Airport,while others arrive by ship in Piraeus,and then move to the city.

15 October 1848
Konstantinos Kanaris becomes Prime Minister.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Konstantinos_Kanaris_photograph.JPG/250px-Konstantinos_Kanaris_photograph.JPG

15 October 1867
King Georgios I of Greece marries princess Olga of Russia.

15 October 1902
The Asklepieion ruins in Kos island are discovered.
http://www.nostalgia.gr/images/asklepeion.jpg

15 October 1912
Division VII of the Hellenic Army liberates Katerini.

16 October 1909
Members of the Military League (Στρατιωτικός Σύνδεσμος) instigate a revolt aming to the imposition of a military dictatorship.The revolt is repressed violently.

16 October 1912
Division V of the the Hellenic Army liberates the village of Perdikas in Ptolemais.

16 October 1944
Three platoons of the Sacred Band,led by Colonel T.Ketseas,seize and liberate the island of Limnos,taking hundred Germans and Italians prisoners. Meanwhile,British and Greek ships sink two German vessels off the island’s coast that are carrying German and Italian troops trying to escape.

16 October 1954
Omonia Square in Athens is renovated.

16 October 1993
Glafkos Klerides and Andreas Papandreou decide in Athens the creation of the defensive doctrine encompassing Cyprus as part of a single national space with Hellas.

17 October 1797
Austria and France sign the Treaty of Campo Formio by which the Ionian Islands are ceded to France.

17 October 1822
A powerful Turkish force of 8.000 men under Koshe Mehmet,after battling in GraviÃ* the fighters Papantreas and Kalyvas,advance the captured Salona (Amphissa) which was abandoned by its inhabitants,who had destroyed their own homes.

17 October 1827
Fabvier at the head of the regular and irregular units,as well as of many Chians,land and liberate Chios,isolating the Turkish garrison inside the Castle in the capital of the island.

17 October 1863
The arrival and swearing-in of Georgios as King of the Hellenes.The new king and his retinue arrive in Piraeus onboard the steamship Hellas.On the next day the king will disembark,wearing the uniform of Phalanx Officer,and will be received by the president of the National Assembly A. Moraitines,the mayor of Pireaus and by British officials.On 19 October he will swear in,using the oath that had been composed in Resolution No 64 of the 10 October.

17 October 1909
Counter-revolutionnary movement in the navy against the Military League (Στρατιωτικός Σύνδεσμος),is repressed in a bloody way.

17 October 1912
Division IV of the Helllenic Army liberates Veria and Naousa.The population of Naousa had in the meanwhile overthrown the Turkish authorities,as the army was approaching.

17 October 1918
The Truse of Mudros Bay is signed in the port of the same name on the island of Limnos by Admiral Calthorpe,representing the Allied,and Turkish representatives.The provisions of the Truse called for the following:Free passage to be established through the Dardanelles Straits;the forts alongside the straits to be occupied by the Allies.The Turkish army was forced to demobilize except for a few units needed for border protection and the maintance of internal order.All ships anchored in Turkish territorial waters were to surrender.The Allies would have the right to occupy any strategic point on Turkish territory.All Turkish ports would be made available to Allied ships.The Turkish garrisons in Hejaz Yemen,Syria and Mesopotamia would surrender to the nearest Allied forces.All German and Austrian nationals, including military and naval personnel and civilians,were required to leave Turkish territory within a month.Turkey was required to break all relations with the Central Powers.

17 October 1920
The Nationalist Party (Komma Ethnikofronon) under Dimitrios Gounaris is renamed People's Party of Greece (Laiko Komma)

17 October 1941
Two companies of the German occupation forces in the Nigrita district set fire to houses in the villages of Ano Kerdylia and Kato Kerdylia in the prefecture of Serres and execute 250 inhabitants,in reprisal for the killing of one German soldier.

17 October 1945
De Facto government under the regent of Greece Archbishop Damaskinos.

17 October 1949
The radio station "Free Greece" of the communist guerillas announces the cease-fire from the side of the "Democratic Army".

17 October 1955
Death of Dimitrios Maximos who served as Prime Minister and senior official of the National Bank of Greece.

18 October 1081
The Normans,led by Robert Guiscard,defeat the Byzantine forces after a fierce battle near the city of Dyrrachium during the reign of Alexios I Comnenos(Αλέξιος Α' Κομνηνός).The road to the east was left undefended and open to subsequent Norman attacks.

18 October 1912
Division VI of the Hellenic Army liberates Edessa,and Division V liberates Amyntaion.

18 October 1912
A Greek naval landing party and an infantry force of two companies that were on board the steamships Pelops and Kanaris,liberate the islands of Thasos,Agios Eustratios and Imbros.

18 October 1912
The Greek Torpedo-Boat 11,under the command of Lieutenant Nikolaos Votsis sink the Turkish battleship "Fetih-Bulend" in the harbour of Thessaloniki.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex3/photo8.jpg
Nikolaos Votsis,the new Kanaris of the Hellenic Navy.

18 October 1912
Troops of Division VII liberate Gidas (Alexandreia) from the Turks.

18 October 1914
Italy seizes the island of Sasson-at the entrance of the gulf of Aulon (Valona) - in response to the reoccupation of Northern Epirus by the Hellenic Army.The island will remain occupied by the Italians until the end of World War II.

18 October 1944
The government of National Unity arrives in Athens from the Middle East via Otranto in Italy.Upon arrival Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou goes up to the Acropolis where he raises the Greek flag again.The flag raised,is that of the Battleship "Georgios Averof" which arrived in Faliro the previous day.
http://www.proskopos.com/oxi/akropoli.gif
PM G. Papandreou,raises the Greek flag on the Acropolis
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/piges/big/pi_27.jpg
October 18,1944.The liberation.
http://www.e-telescope.gr/images/support/05/Averof/GR_BB_Averof_02.jpg
Battleship "Georgios Averof"

18 October 1971
Georgios Grivas-Digenis creates EOKA (Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών-National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters)-B.

18 October 1979
Odysseas Elytis wins the Nobel Prize for Literature.
http://194.30.231.7/kathnews/photos/16-10-06/16-10-06_168092_151.jpghttp://www.antibaro.gr/culture/mg/elytis.gifhttp://194.30.231.7/kathnews/photos/16-10-06/16-10-06_168092_61.jpg
Dressed up as “friends,�
came countless times,my enemies,
trampling the primeval soil.
And the soil never blended with their heel.
They brought
The Wise One,the Founder,and the Geometer,
Bibles of letters and numbers,
every kind of Submission and Power,
to sway over the primeval light.
And the light never blended with their roof.
Not even a bee was fooled into beginning the golden game,
not even a Zephyr into swelling the white aprons.
On the peaks,in the valleys,in the ports
they raised and founded
mighty towers and villas,
floating timbers and other vessels;
and the Laws decreeing the pursuit of profit
they applied to the primeval measure.
And the measure never blended with their thinking.
Not even a footprint of a god left a man on their soul,
not even a fairy’s glance tried to rob them of their speech.
They came
dressed up as “friends,�
came countless times, my enemies,
bearing the primeval gifts.
And their gifts were nothing else
but iron and fire only.
To the open expecting fingers
only weapons and iron and fire.
Only weapons and iron and fire.
They came,Axion Esti.

18 October 1981
Victory of PASOK in the National elections with the percentage of 48,06%.The ND receives 35,86% and the KKE 10,93%.The same day take place also the first elections for the European Parliament in Greece,which PASOK wins too.

19 October 1912
-The Greek Navy liberates Samothrace.

-The Battle of Giannitsa.The Hellenic Army resolutely attacks the Turkish forces in Giannitsa,and after two days of fierce fighting achieves a glorious victory.The first Greek forces that enter the town of Giannitsa,are elements of the II Infantry Division,under Major General Konstantinos Kallaris (11:00 am,October 20th).This brilliant victory by the Hellenic Army opens the way to Thessaloniki.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex3/photo11.jpg
The Battle of Giannitsa
http://img216.imageshack.us/img216/7474/yannitsa6ur.jpg
Greek Infantry men fire against the Turks.Battle of Giannitsa.
http://img91.imageshack.us/img91/6767/dsc00426fg3.jpg
Monument for the Battle.Giannitsa,Macedonia,Greece.

19 October 1944
After fighting that lasted more than forty days,the 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade leaves the Italian theatre and prepares for its return to Greece.The commander of the 1st Canadian Army Corps congratulates and bids farewell to the men of the brigade.

19 October 1980
Greece's reentry into the NATO’s military structure under the government of Georgios Rallis.Greece in 1974 withdrew its forces from the alliance's military arm,as a result of the reluctance or inability of NATO and the United States to actively oppose the Turkish invasion of Cyprus,particularly during its second phase in August 1974.

20 October 1827
The naval battle of Navarino where the Turkish-Egyptian fleet of Ibrahim Pasha is completely destroyed.

20 October 1839
Theophilos Kairis accused of Theosebism,testifies to the Holy Synod.

20 October 1864
The National Assembly votes the Constitution.

20 October 1912
The advanced units of the Division III of the Hellenic Army that has already entered the city of Giannitsa,liberate the village of Platy and capture the bridge on the Loudias river.

20 October 1912
A two-company force of the 4th Evzone Battalion liberates Siatista.

20 October 1942
Elements of the Greek Brigade,part of the Allied forces in Egypt,penetrate deep into enemy ground and identify enemy positions.A group of five men,attack in the night a German advanced post and after a short exchange of fire,capture a German Officer.
http://img118.imageshack.us/img118/7291/grbgd3wu.jpg
The Greek Brigade in the Battle of El-Alamein.

20 October 1980
The monks in Meteora try to sabotage the filming of the James Bond film "For Your Eyes Only" by placing sheets and plastic on top of the roofs of the monasteries as they consider that the violent character of the film is an affront to the monasteries and to the spirituality of the place.
http://www.photodiary.org/large/f_1046.jpg

21 October 1907
Nikos Engonopoulos is born in Athens.
http://www.engonopoulos.gr/
http://img156.imageshack.us/img156/6526/trid9ab1.jpg
"Alexander son of Philip,and the Greeks except the Lacedaemonians",Nikos Engonopoulos.

"Alexander son of Philip,and the Greeks except the Lacedaemonians-"
We can very well imagine
that they were utterly indifferent in Sparta
to this inscription."Except the Lacedaemonians",
but naturally.The Spartans were not
to be led and ordered about
as precious servants.Besides
a panhellenic campaign without
a Spartan king as a leader
would not have appeared very important.
O, of course "except the Lacedaemonians."

This too is a stand.Understandable.

Thus,except the Lacedaemonians at Granicus;
and then at Issus;and in the final
battle,where the formidable army was swept away
that the Persians had massed at Arbela:
which had set out from Arbela for victory,and was swept away.

And out of the remarkable panhellenic campaign,
victorious,brilliant,
celebrated,glorious
as no other had ever been glorified,
the incomparable:we emerged;
a great new Greek world.

We;the Alexandrians,the Antiocheans,
the Seleucians,and the numerous
rest of the Greeks of Egypt and Syria,
and of Media,and Persia,and the many others.
With our extensive territories,
with the varied action of thoughtful adaptations.
And the Common Greek Language
we carried to the heart of Bactria,to the Indians.

As if we were to talk of Lacedaemonians now!

200 B.C.-Constantine P. Cavafy (1931)
[note:Shortly after his victory at Granicus (334 B.C.),Alexander the Great sent the spoils to Athens,with this inscription:"Alexander son of Philip,and the Greeks except the Lacedaemonians,from the barbarians that inhabit Asia."The poem,that probably inspired N.Engonopoulos painting,is from the viewpoint of a Greek in 200 B.C. who is reading that inscription.]

21 October 1912
The Liberation of Preveza.The Detachment of Major Speliades,of the Hellenic Army of Epirus,liberates Preveza and disarms the Turkish 810-man garrison. This event followed a fierce battle that took place on the previous day during which the detachment defeated the Turks in the area of Nicopolis,and then captured the village of the same name.A squadron from the Hellenic Fleet,Squadron of the Ionian Sea commanded by Captain Ioannis Damianos provided artillery support.

21 October 1918
The General Confederation of Greek Workers-Γενική Συνομοσπονδία Εργατων Ελλάδος (GSEE-Γ.Σ.Ε.Ε) is founded.

21 October 1931
Cypriot Hellenism rebells against the British colonial regime,seeking union (Ένωσις) with Greece.

21 October 1981
Government of Andreas Papandreou.

22 October 1798
The forces of Ali Pasha of Ioannina,led by him and his son Muhtar and consisting of 4.000 infantry and 3.000 cavalry,attack Preveza,which is defended by 1.000 Greeks and French troops under General Lasalcette.The battle is particularly difficult.Ali eventually captures the town and burns it to the ground.

22 October 1828
Turks under the command of Kafta Aga and Ahmet Prevista,while marching towards Nafpaktos are attacked by Greeks led by Makrygiannis,Evangelos Ioannou,Pharmakis Korkolios,Kalantzogiannis,Kitsos Tzavellas and Photomaras.In the subsequent battle 800 Turks are killed and 150 are taken prisoners,among them also Ahmet Prevista.

22 October 1912
A Volunteer Scout unit led by Giaglis,a Macedonian Freedom Fighter,leader in the days of the Macedonian Struggle,oustes the Turkish garrison of Nigrita, liberates the town and establishes Greek authority there.

22 October 1912
A landing party from the destroyer "Ierax",commanded by Antonios Vratsanos,liberates Psara island.

22 October 1925
The Greek dictatorial government under General Theodoros Pangalos orders the advance of the Hellenic Army in the Bulgarian territory after the Petritsi incident.The incident at Petritsi,from the name of the Bulgarian bordertown, which was shortly occupied by the Greek forces,started when a Greek soldier ran after his dog,which had strayed across the border from Thrace to Bulgaria.The border was guarded by Bulgarian sentries,and one of them shot and killed the Greek soldier.Given the tense political climate between Greece and Bulgaria after WW1,escalation was inevitable and it resulted to what is some times speculatively referred as the War of the Stray Dog.Finally the League of Nations settled the dispute condemning the Greek advance,and calling for both Greek withdrawal and compensation to Bulgaria.Greece complained about the disparity between its treatment and that of Italy in the Corfu incident in 1923.
http://img450.imageshack.us/img450/3974/battlegb5.jpg


22 October 1943
The destroyer Adrias,one of the most distinguished Greek warships during World War II,under the command of commander Ioannis Toumpas,while operating close to the coast of Calymnos island in the area of Dodecanese,and in company with the British destroyer Hurworth,strikes a mine,resulting in an explosion which blew away most of the vessel’s front section from the prow to the bridge.The Hurworth,in her effort to assist the Adrias also hit a mine and immediately sank with a loss of 143 men.Adrias,notwithstanding her condition,tried to rescue survivors of the Hurworth (among them her Commanding Officer) and after an unbelievably dangerous passage,managed to reach the nearby coast of Turkey,at Gumucluk,without a bow and with losses of 21 dead and 30 wounded.Though the forepart of the ship was missing,after some minor repairs,Adrias sailed to Alexandria,where she arrived in four days,on 6th December,1943.As the vessel entered the harbour it was cheered by the crews of the British and Greek fleets that had been arrayed to receive it.This achievement is a brilliant example,underlining the courage and skills displayed by Adrias' CO. and his crew.After the liberation,Adrias,with her stern temporarily repaired, arrived in Greece with the rest of the ships of the Hellenic Fleet.The ship was never fully repaired due to the termination of war operations in the Mediterranean.
http://www.greece.org/poseidon/work/museums/hmm/images/adrias1.jpg
The destroyer Adrias,in the condition she arrived at the port of Gumucluk on 23rd October 1943
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/oldShips/adrias_L-67_1.jpg
Adrias entering Alexandria port on December 6,1943.
http://uboat.net/allies/ships/images/greek_dd_adrias.jpg
Adrias in the condition she arrived at Alexandria.

22 October 1959
Giorgos Bouzianis,painter,dies in Athens.Giorgos Bouzianis with his interest oriented towards human form,created works that reflect the influence of German Expressionism upon a different "Mediterranean Greek Expressionism" with strong personal elements.The main role in his works is held by lyrical colours and the inwardness of figures.His work is among the more -if not the most- important manifestations of Expressionism outside Germany.
http://www.moca-andros.gr/layout/zooms/1989_Bouzianis_over.jpg

22 October 1991
His All Holiness Bartholomew is unanimously elected by the grace of God,Archbishop of Constantinople,New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch,following the death of Patriarch Dimitrios on October 2nd,1991.
http://www.patriarchate.org/visit/assets/images/biography_photo.jpg
http://www.patriarchate.org/

23 October 1907
The guerilla force led by second Lieutenant Kosmopoulos attacks a Turkish gendarme escort near Asprovalta in the Langadas region.The Turks were accompanying Bulgarian colonists on their way to Athos mountain.Twenty-seven Bulgarians were killed,the rest being forced to return home.As a result of this incident no colonists dared descend into Chalkidiki.

23 October 1925
Manos Hadjidakis is born in Xanthi.
http://www.hadjidakis.gr/media/thumb_187.jpg
http://www.hadjidakis.gr/

23 October 1941
German occupation forces set fire to houses in the village of Mesovouno in Kozani and execute 137 of its inhabitants,most of whom were veterans of the Albanian front.

23 October 1942
The Allies,under the command of the British General (later Field Marshal) Montgomery,initiate an offensive against the Germans and the Italians in the fortified position of El Alamein,in North Africa.
The Greek 1st Mountain Brigade (consisting of three Infantry battalions and one Artillery regiment),under the command of Colonel Pausanias Katsotas, participate in the attack in the area of Agar Nagil,as part of 50th British Division.The brigade attacks (supported by the Brigade artillery) and identifies enemy positions.The operation is successful.18 Italians are captured.
http://img98.imageshack.us/img98/8775/elalamein11bl.jpg
The 1st Mountain Brigade in the El Alamein battle.
http://img415.imageshack.us/img415/2884/elalamein46hj.jpg
Greek Artillery fires against enemy positions.

24 October 1862
Theodoros Grivas,fighter during the Revolution of 1821,dies.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/domestic_policy/api_02.jpg

24 October 1912
The battleship “G. Averoff� under the command of Rear Admiral Pavlos Kontouriotis liberates Tenedos island.

24 October 1922
Andreas Karkavitsas,novelist and short-story writer,dies.
http://img58.imageshack.us/img58/4650/andreaskarkavitsasss1.jpg

24 October 1939
It is officially announced that the population of the country amounts to 7.107.472 residents.

24 October 1945
The Minesweeper "PINIOS" during operations of demining in the minefield of Preveza,strikes a mine and sinks with all her crew.

25 October 1822
A force of 8.000-10.000 men under Kutahi and Omer Vryoni and three Turkish ships under Yusuf Pasha besiege Messolonghi by land and by sea.Seven hundred inhabitants under Mavrokordatos,Markos Botsaris,G. Kitsos and T. Grivas decide to stand and defend the city to the end.

25 October 1912
http://img342.imageshack.us/img342/5348/lithografia4bmr6.jpg
"Εκ του Ελληνοτουρκικού Πολέμου του 1912-13.Η παράδοσις της Θεσσαλονίκης εν Τόπσιν.Ο Ταχσίν πασάς παραδίδων το ξίφος του εις τον δαφνοστεφή στρατηλάτην Κωνσταντίνον την 25 Οκτωβρίου."
"From the Greek-Turkish War 1912 -13.The handover of Thessaloniki in Topsin.Tahsin Pasha delivering his sword to the victorious Crown Prince Konstantinos on October,25."

25 October 1942
4 companies of the Greek Brigade in the battle of El-Alamein,attack area 104.The operation ιs successful.Despite fierce resistance,the Greeks capture the area and take defensive positions on it.The enemy units withdraw.

26 October 877
Photios I is restored to the Patriarchical throne.

26 October 1795
Nikolaos Chalikiopoulos Mantzaros,composer of the Hellenic national anthem,is born in Corfu island.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/civilization/el_04.jpg

26 October 1823
The Turk-Albanians surrender the fort in Acrocorinth to Theodoros Kolokotronis after negotiations,with the condition that they depart for Thessaloniki with their weapons.Nikitaras undertakes to protect them while they are boarding the ships.

26 October 1912
The liberation of Thessaloniki.According to the protocol of the unconditional surrender of the city by the Turks,the Turkish garrison,under the command of Hasan Tahsin Pasha,consisting of 25.000 enlisted men,1.000 officers,1.200 horses and seventy guns,surrenders to the Hellenic Army.The Greek troops enter triumphantly into the city and are greeted enthusiastically by its inhabitants.
http://www.hellasarmy.gr/mesare-7b.jpg
Crown Prince Konstantinos and the Euzones enter Thessaloniki

26 October 1912
The Cavalry Brigade of the Hellenic Army,after a brief fighting,enters and liberates the village of Langadas.

26 Ocrober 1929
The dam of Marathon is inaugurated by Eleftherios Venizelos.With the restriction of the waters of Charadros and Varnavas torrents,the Lake Marathon,the primary water supply for Athens until 1959,is created.

26 October 1957
Nikos Kazantzakis dies.
http://www.historical-museum.gr/kazantzakis/imgs/asymvivastos/p29.jpg
"The further away one is from one's country, the more one thinks of it and loves it. When I am in Greece I see the pettiness, the intrigues, the idiocies, the inadequacies of the leaders and the misery of the people. But from afar one cannot distinguish the ugliness so clearly, and one has more freedom to create an image of the country worthy of true love. That's why I work better and love Greece more when I am abroad. Far away from her I am better able to grasp her essence and her mission in the world, and thus my own humble mission. Something special happens to Greeks who live abroad. They become better. They take pride in their race, they feel that being Greeks they have the responsibility to be worthy of their ancestors. Their conviction that they are descended from Plato and Pericles may perhaps be utopian, it may be an act of autosuggestion going back thousands of years. But once this autosuggestion becomes faith it exercises a fertile influence on the Modern Greek soul. It was thanks to this utopia that the Greeks survived. After so many centuries of invasion, slaughter and famine they should have disappeared. But the utopia, which has become faith, does not let them die. Greece still survives, I think it still survives through a succession of miracles."
Excerpt from Pierre Sipriot's interview with Nikos Kazantzakis,French Radio (Paris),6th May 1955

26 October 1960
Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis inaugurates Kaftantzoglio Stadium in Thessaloniki.
http://www.karamanlis-foundation.gr/images/erg_e4_1.jpg
The declaration of the opening of the Kaftatzoglio Stadium.

27 October 1880
Dies in Athens Thrasivoulos Zaimis who served four terms as President of the Parliament and two terms as Prime Minister.

27 October 1822
Two warships and two patrol boats from Psara attack the Turkish fleet in the harbour of Tenedos.The fire ship commander K. Kanaris blows up the deputy admiral’s ship causing enormous casualties.

27 October 1912
The Hellenic Army,guided by the Macedonian Struggle Fighter Kapetan Doukas,liberates Eleftheroupolis from the Turks.

27 October 1948
The government assigns to general Papagos,the duty to copy with the communist guerillas as C-i-C of the Greek Army.
http://www.cslab.ece.ntua.gr/~phib/hellas/1940/Papagos.jpg
Marshal Alexandros Papagos.

27 October 1951
Government of Nikolaos Plastiras.

28 October 969
The Byzantine general Michail Bourtzis and the commander Petros capture Antioch and inflict heavy casualties on the Arabs.Antioch becomes an important military center of the Empire in Syria thereafter.

28 October 1827
A force of 1000 Cretans and 100 warriors from other parts of Greece land in Grambousa in Crete,contributing to the rekindling of the insurrection in the island.

28 October 1856
With a royal decree the foundation of the Greek steam-powered ship company is approved.

28 October 1912
The Hellenic Army (Epirus division) captures Pente Pegadia (a defile midway between Ioannina and Arta) and the village of Kleisoura.

28 October 1921
The Ambassadorial Conference awards all of Northern Epirus to Albania.

28 October 1940
At 2:50 am on October 28,1940,General Ioannis Metaxas,Prime Minister of Greece,was awoken in his Athens home.At the door was the Italian Ambassador,Count Grazzi,with a written ultimatum to the Greek government demanding that Italian forces be given free passage into Greece from Albania and that they be allowed to garrison certain unspecified "strategic points of Greek territory".Italy claimed that its request for this "temporary" occupation was the result of English attempts to involve more and more countries in the war.If Greece refused to comply then resistance would be "broken by force of arms".A reply was demanded by 6.00 am but Metaxas gave it at once —"Alors c'est la guerre" (well, this means War, in French).At 5.30 am Italian troops crossed the Greek–Albanian border and Greece was at war with Fascist Italy.

"The Italian Government has repeatedly noted how, in the course of the present conflict, the Greek Government assumed & maintained an attidute which was contrary not only with that of formal, peaceful, good neighborly relations between two nations, but also with the precise duties which were incumbent on the Greek Government in view of its status as a neutral country. On various occasions the Italian Government has found it necessary to urge the Greek Government to observe these duties and to protest against their systematic violation, particularly serious since the Greek Government permitted its territorial water, its coasts and its ports to be used bythe British fleet in the course of its war operations, aided in supplying the British air forces and permitted organization of a military information service in the Greek archipelago to Italy's damage.
The Greek Government was perfectly aware of these facts which several times formed the basis of diplomatic representations on the part of Italy to which the Greek Government, which should have taken consideration of the grave consequences of its attitude, failed to respond with any measure for the protection of its own neutrality, but, instead, intensified its activities favoring the British armed forces and its cooperaticn with Italy's enemies.
The Italian Government has proof that this co-operation was foreseen by the Greek Government and was regulated by understandings of a mllitary, naval and aeronautical character. The Italian Government does not refer only to the British guarantee accepted by Greece as a part of the program of action against Italy's security but also to explicit, precise engagements undertaken by the Greek Government to put at the disposal of powers at war with Italy important strategic positions on Greek territory, including air bases in Thessaly and Macedonia designed for attack on Albanian territory.
In this connection the Italian Government must remind the Greek Government of the provocative activities carried out against the Albanian nation, together with the terroristic policy it has adopted toward the people of Ciamuria and the persistent efforts to create disorders beyondits frontiers.
For these reasons, also, the Italian Government has accepted the necessity, even though futilely, of calling the attention of the Greek Government to the inevitable consequences of its policy toward Italy. This no longer can be tolerated by Italy.
Greek neutrality has been tending continuously toward a mere shadow. Responsibility for this situation lies primarily on the shoulders of Great Britain and its aim to involve ever more countries in war.
But now it is obvious that the policy of the Greek Government has been and is directed toward transforming Greek territory, or, at least permitting Greek territory to be transformed, into a base for war operations against Italy.
This could only lead to armed conflict between Italy and Greece, which the Italian Government has every intention of avoiding.
The Italian Government, therefore, has reached the decision to ask the Greek Government, as a guaranty of Greek neutrality and as a guaranty of Italian security, for permission to occupy with its
own armed forces several strategic points in Greek territory for the duration of the presert conflict with Great Britain.
The Italian Government asks the Greek Government not to oppose this occupation and not to obstruct the free passage of the troops carrying it out.
These troops do not come as enemies of the Greek people and the Italian Government does not in any way intend that the temporary occupation of several strategic points, dictated by special necessities of a purely defensive character, should compromise Greek sovereignty and independence.
The Italian Government asks that the Greek Government give immediate orders to military authoritles that this occupation may take place in a peaceful manner. Wherever the Italian troops may meet resistance this resistance will be broken by armed force, and the Greek Government would have the responsibility for the resulting consequences"
The Italian Ultimatum to Greece, presented by Count Emmanuele Grazzi,Italian Ambassador in Athens.

At 4 am the Hellenic Army General Headquarters communicate the following instructions over the telephone to the commander of Division VIII, Major General Charalambos Katsimitros:
"The Italian ambassador presented a note to the Hellenic Government at 0300 hours by which he demanded that Italian troops [be permitted] to enter our territory today at 0600 hours,and that if [such permission was] not granted they would enter by force.The Government rejected this demand by the Italian ambassador and orders resistance to the end."

Πρώτον πολεμικόν ανακοινωθέν:
"Αι ιταλικαί στρατιωτικαί δυνάμεις προσβάλλουσιν από της 05:30 ώρας της σήμερον τα ημέτερα τμήματα προκαλύψεως της Ελληνοαλβανικής Μεθορίου. Αι ημέτεραι δυνάμεις αμύνονται του Πατρίου εδάφους."

Ioannis Metaxas addresses the Hellenes,October 28,1940:
"The time has come to fight for the independence of Hellas,the integrity and her honour.Despite we maintained the greatest neutrality,being equal to all,Italy,not recognizing to us the right to live as free Greeks asked from me at 3 am the delivery of parts of the National territory according to her will,and announced to me that her troors will move on the occupation of those parts at 6 am.I responded to the Italian Ambassador that i consider this very demand and the way it is being made as a declaration of war from Italy against Hellas.
Hellenes,now we must prove ourselves worthy of our forefathers and the freedom they bestowed upon us.Hellenes,now fight for your Fatherland,for your wives,for your children and our sacred traditions.Now,over all things, fight!"

"Η στιγμή επέστη που θα αγωνισθώμεν διά την ανεξαρτησίαν της Ελλάδος,
την ακεραιότητα και την τιμήν της.Μολονότι ετηρήσαμεν την πλέον αυστηράν ουδετερότητα και ίσην προς όλους,η Ιταλία μη αναγνωρίζουσα εις ημάς να ζήσωμεν ως ελεύθεροι Έλληνες,μου εζήτησε σήμερον την 3ην πρωινήν ώραν την παράδοσιν τμημάτων του Εθνικού εδάφους κατά την ιδίαν αυτής βούλησιν και ότι προς κατάληψιν αυτών η κίνησις των στρατευμάτων της θα ήρχιζε την 6ην πρωινήν. Απήντησα εις τον Ιταλόν Πρεσβευτήν ότι θεωρώ και το αίτημα αυτό καθ' εαυτό και τον τρόπον με τον οποίον γίνεται τούτο ως κήρυξιν πολέμου της Ιταλίας κατά της Ελλάδος.
Έλληνες,τώρα θα αποδείξωμεν εάν πράγματι είμεθα άξιοι των προγόνων μας και της ελευθερίας την οποίαν μας εξησφάλισαν οι προπάτορές μας. Όλον το Έθνος θα εγερθή σύσσωμον.Αγωνισθήτε διά την Πατρίδα,τας γυναίκας,τα παιδιά μας και τας ιεράς μας παραδόσεις.Νυν υπέρ πάντων ο αγών."
http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/Metaxas1.jpg

King Georgios addresses the Hellenes:
"Ο Πρόεδρος της Κυβερνήσεως σάς ανήγγειλε προ ολίγου υπό ποίους όρους ηναγκάσθημεν να κατέλθωμεν εις πόλεμον κατά της Ιταλίας,επιβουλευθείσης την ανεξαρτησίαν της Ελλάδος.Κατά την μεγάλην αυτήν στιγμήν είμαι βέβαιος ότι κάθε Έλλην και κάθε Ελληνίς θα εκτελέσωσι το καθήκον των και θα φανώμεν αντάξιοι της ενδόξου ημών Ιστορίας.Με πίστην εις τον Θεόν και εις τα πεπρωμένα της φυλής,το Έθνος σύσσωμον και πειθαρχούν ως εις άνθρωπος,θα αγωνισθή υπέρ βωμών και εστιών μέχρι της τελικής Νίκης."
http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/Georgios.jpg

Archbishop Chrysanthos addresses the Hellenes:
"Τέκνα εν Κυρίω αγαπητά,η Α.Μ. ο Βασιλεύς και ο Πρόεδρος της Εθνικής ημών Κυβερνήσεως καλούν ημάς πάντας ίνα αποδυθώμεν εις Άγιον υπέρ Πίστεως και Πατρίδος αμυντικόν αγώνα.Η Εκκλησία ευλογεί τα όπλα τα ιερά και πέποιθεν ότι τα τέκνα της Πατρίδος ευπειθή εις το κέλευσμα Αυτής και του Θεού,θα σπεύσουν εν μία ψυχή και καρδία να αγωνισθούν υπέρ βωμών και εστιών και της Ελευθερίας και τιμής,και θα συνεχίσουν ούτω την απ' αιώνων πολλών αδιάκοπον σειράν των τιμίων και ενδόξων αγώνων και θα προτιμήσουν τον ωραίον θάνατον από την άσχημον ζωήν της δουλείας.Και μη φοβούμεθα από των αποκτεινόντων το σώμα,την δε ψυχήν μη δυναμένων αποκτείναι,ας φοβούμεθα δε μάλλον τον δυνάμενον και ψυχήν και σώμα απολέσαι.Επιρρίψωμεν επί Κύριον την μέριμναν ημών και Αυτός θα είναι βοηθός και αντιλήπτωρ εν τη αμύνη κατά της αδίκου επιθέσεως των εχθρών.Ούτοι εν άρμασι και ούτοι εν ίπποις, ημείς δε εν ονόματι Κυρίου του Θεού και εν τη γενναιότητι και ανδρείς ημών μεγαλυνθησόμεθα.Χάρις του Κυρίου ημών Ιησού Χριστού και η αγάπη του Θεού και πατρός είη μετά πάντων ημών."
http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/Xrysanthos.jpg

London,October 28th,1940:The message sent by the King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the King of the Hellenes:
"In this hour of Greece's need,I wish to say to the heroic Greek nation and to my cousin George,King of the Hellenes,this:We are with you in this struggle-your cause Is our cause -we shall be fighting against a common foe.There are doubtless hard trials to be borne,but we shall both meet them in the firm faith that ultimate victory is assured by the ever increasing strength of the free peoples.We may hope indeed that we are already near the turn of the tide when the power of the aggressor will begin to ebb and our own growing might to prevail.
Long live Greece and her leaders.
Long live the King of the Hellenes."

London, October 28th,1940:Prime Minister Winston Churchill's message to Premier Ioannis Metaxas of Greece:
"Italy has found threats and intimidation of no avail against your calm courage.She has therefore resorted to unprovoked aggression against your country,seeking justification for a wanton attack in baseless accusations.The way in which the Greek people under your trusted leadership have faced the dangers and provocations of recent months has gained far Greece the admiration of the British people;the same qualities will uphold them in their present hour of trial.We will give you all help in our power.We fight a common foe and the will share a united victory."

Alexandros Papagos to the Hellenic Army:
"Αναλαμβάνων την αρχηγίαν του Στρατού καλώ τους αξιωματικούς και οπλίτας του Ελληνικού Στρατού εις την εκτέλεσιν του υψίστου προς την Πατρίδα καθήκοντος με την μεγαλυτέραν αυταπάρνησιν και σταθερότητα.Ουδείς πρέπει να υστερήση.Η υπόθεσις του αγώνος τον οποίον μας επέβαλεν ο αχαλίνωτος Ιμπεριαλισμός μιας Μεγάλης Δυνάμεως, η οποία ουδέν είχε ποτέ να φοβηθή από ημάς, είναι η δικαιοτέρα υπόθεσις την οποίαν είναι δυνατόν να υπερασπισθή ένας Στρατός. Πρόκειται περί αγώνος υπάρξεως. Θα πολεμήσωμεν με πείσμα,με αδάμαστον εγκαρτέρησιν,με αμείωτον μέχρι τελευταίας πνοής ενεργητικότητα.Έχω ακράδαντον την πεποίθησιν ότι ο Ελληνικός Στρατός θα γράψει νέας λαμπράς σελίδας εις την ένδοξον ιστορίαν του Έθνους.Μην αμφιβάλλετε ότι τελικώς θα επικρατήσωμεν, με την βοήθειαν και την ευλογίαν του Θεού και τας ευχάς του Έθνους. Έλληνες αξιωματικοί και οπλίται φανήτε ήρωες."
http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/Papagos.jpg
Marshal Alexandros Papagos.

http://img389.imageshack.us/img389/6531/hellenicarmy19401qu.gif
Τhe Greek Army in 1940.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6c/GreekItalianinitialItal.JPG
The Italian Offensive.
The Italian invasion of Epirus begins with seven columns of XXV Army Corps of Tsamouria.In the Pindus area,five columns of the Italian Giulia Division attacks the forward forces of the Pindus Detachment. In northwestern Macedonia the Italian army limits itself to artillery fire.The Italian Air Force provides support to the invading forces and in addition bombs the areas of the Salamis naval station,Skaramangas,Piraeus and Patras.

Colonel Davakis has the privilige and honour to be the first Greek Officer who resists the Italians in WWII.His detachment (the Davakis' detachment, consisted of two Infantry Battalions-out of the 51st Infantry Regiment-one cavalry troop and one Artillery battery),is the first Greek unit that receives the "blow" of the Italian invasion to Greece in October '40.He and his men,alone,stand against the Italians for two days (October 28-October 30,1940).
http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/Dabakis.jpg
Colonel Constantinos Davakis.

Major General Katsimitros,is the CO of the Epirus Division (VIII Infantry Division).As it is known,the Epirus Division bore the complete burden of the defense;it was the one,which alone,at least for a couple of weeks,had the the honor to defend the integrity of the country.This Division,carrying out Major General Charalambos Katsimitros’ decision,did not abandon the forward defense line and fought there,without ceding an inch of national ground.
An extract of the Nr 30904 General Order of the VIII Division, dated 30th October 1940 is quoted below (Maj. Gen. Ch. Katsimitros):
"We fight against a cunning and coward enemy, who suddenly attacked us without a pretext in order to subjugate us.We fight for our houses, our families and our freedom.Officers and enlisted men,keep your positions steadily and decisively looking forward,since in a short time we are going to counter-attack in order to throw out the enemy from our native soil that gets infected by their presence"...
The day that the coward foe will be thrown to the sea reaches. Keep strongly your positions and this is going to take place soon. Order to be notified to all the Officers and enlisted men servicing under our orders"
http://img210.imageshack.us/img210/1278/194034ua.jpg
Major General Charalambos Katsimitros.

Lieutenant Alexandros Diakos is the first Greek Officer killed in the WWII.He was killed in the battle of Tsouka on October 29th,1940.
http://img214.imageshack.us/img214/5827/1940rx0.jpg
Alexandros Diakos.

http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/newspaper-Asyrmatos-1940Okt28.jpg
The front page of the newspaper "Asyrmatos" on October 28,1940.

http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/mobilization1.jpg
http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/mobilization2.jpg
http://www.keele.ac.uk/socs/ks26/28October/112.gif
Mobilization.The Greek soldiers leaving for the front.

28 October 1941
The people of Athens celebrate the first anniversary of the historic “OXI�. Multitudes parade in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier,which is covered with laurel braches,despite the intimidating security measures adopted by the occupation forces.Professor Konstantinos Tsatsos delivers the first panegyric oration at the University.
http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940/images/OXI-1941.jpg
The first anniversary of “OXI�.


thanks to valtrex and pheidias.
http://pheidias.antibaro.gr/1940.htm

29 October 1912
King Georgios enters in Thessaloniki.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/domestic_policy/ath_03.jpg
Photograph from the arrival of King Georgios I,Queen Olga and the Crown Prince Constantine in Thessaloniki after the liberation of the city.
Athens,Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0169.

29 October 1914
The Greeks of Cyprus greet the annexation of the island from the Great Britain as the first step for the union with Greece.

29 October 1961
In the national elections that take place,the party of ERE (Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Ένωσις,National Radical Union) wins with the percentage of 50,79% of the votes.The result is contested by the opposition.

30 October 1254
Theodoros II Doukas Laskaris Vatatzis becomes emperor of Nicaea.

30 October 1821
Mehmed Emin Pasha,the vali of Thessaloniki and an experienced warrior,leads a force of 14.000 Turks in an attack on the Kassandra peninsula,in Chalkidiki against 1.500 Greek fighters led by Emmanouil Pappas.The objective is to suffocate the Greek Revolution in Macedonia.Emmanouil Pappas had the support of the monks of Athos and the inhabitants of Kassandra,Polygyros and the Mademohoria.The element of surprise,however,had definitely been lost,since the organized operations of the revolutionaries started in May,nearly two months after the outbreak of the revolution in the Peloponnese (25 March 1821).In the fierce battle that follows Mehmed Emin Pasha's arrival in Chalkidiki,most Greeks perish.Emmanouil Pappas escapes to the Holy Mountain (Athos mountain).After the battle cruel massacres of the population of the Kassandra peninsula follow by the Turks.A large number of refugees manage to escape to the Northern Sporades islands.
http://www.hellasarmy.gr/flag42.jpg
The flag raised on 1821 by the Greek Revolutionaries in Macedonia.
http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/HellenicMacedonia/media/original/a3211a.jpg
Drawing by the sculptor K. Palaiologos depicting Emmanuel Papas,inspirer and leader of the Hellenic Uprising in Chalkidiki,Macedonia,in 1821.Athens,National Historical Museum.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/EmmanouilPapas.JPG/534px-EmmanouilPapas.JPG
Emmanuel Papas.

30 October 1826
The Greeks are defeated in Zagora of Livadia.Yannakis Androutsos,brother of Odysseus,is killed.

30 October 1896
Kostas Karyotakis,poet,is born in Tripoli.
http://users.otenet.gr/~lost/english/images/photos/kar16.jpg
Portrait of Kostas Karyotakis by Yannis Tsarouhis.

30 October 1908
The first electric trams in the roads of Athens begin their itineraries.

30 October 1912
Divisions of the Hellenic Army move from Thessaloniki to Giannitsa and Edessa,aiming to arrive in Florina.

30 October 1927
Assassination attempt against Pavlos Kountouriotis' life.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/08/Kountouriotis.jpg
Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis of Arvanite origin,Greek naval hero during the Balkan Wars,and twice President of the Hellenic Republic.

30 October 1930
Signing in Ankara of the "Friendship,Neutrality and Arbitration" Agreement with Turkey.The Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos visits Turkey and negotiates a treaty with the Turkish government which settles the property claims of the repatriated populations and recognizes the territorial status quo of the two countries.

30 October 1940
The 3rd Reconnaissance Squadron of the Hellenic Air Force operates reconnaissance missions over the entire Greek disposition along the front line.Two Greek aircrafts are shot down during a dog fight.

30 October 1943
A Sacred Band force of 114 men and 200 paratroopers,under the command of Colonel Christodoulos Tsigantes,with the help of British commandos,seize Samos.The objective of the seizure is to repulse a German attack that aimed to retake the island.
http://www.army.gr/html/GR_Army/dieuthinseis/DED/images/history/histor110.jpg
Colonel Christodoulos Tsigantes.

30 October 1943
A force of about 300 EDES guerillas,led by General Napoleon Zervas personally,engage the Germans in a fierce two-day battle in the area of Neraida in Trikala.The struggle is unequal,and the Greek guerillas are forced to withdraw.

31 October 802
Empress Irene is deposed from the throne and exiled to Lesvos island.Nikiphoros I becomes Emperor of Byzantium.

31 October 1029
The Arabs defeat Byzantine troops under the command of Michael Spondylis at Aleppo near Antioch.

31 October 1888
Napoleon Lapathiotis,writer and poet,is born in Athens.
http://www.sarantakos.com/kibwtos/komnas/lapa-foto3.gif

31 October 1912
A combined military detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Mitsas,liberates Metsovo after a fierce battle.It is assisted by fifty-three Cretan volunteers under G. Skoulas.

31 October 1918
The British General Milne appoints General Wilson,commander of British Army Corps XII,as commander of the Allied occupation forces in European Turkey.Thus begins the landing of the 28th British Division at Helles peninsula and at Kum Kale and the entry of Allied and Greek warships in the harbour of Constantinople.The Allied naval squadron that includes the Greek battleships "Kilkis" and "Averoff" passes through the Bosporus straits after the signing of the Treaty of Mudros bay and anchores facing the palace at Dolma Bahse.The Greek flag is then visible from the church of Agia Sophia.A unit of Cretan gendarmerie is at the same time stationed in the Fanar,as the quard of the Patriarchate.These events bring about moving expressions of enthusiasm by the Hellenic population of Constantinople,which comes to believe that the hour of deliverance is at hand.

31 October 1922
Begins the Trial of the Six,the commander-in-chief G. Hadjanestis,D. Gounaris,N. Stratos,N. Theotokis,P. Protopapadakis and G. Baltatzis,regarded as primarily responsible for the Asia Minor Catastrophe.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/domestic_policy/ag_16.jpg
The Trial of the Six.Athens,Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.

31 October 1940
-Greek aircrafts fly reconnaissance for General Headquarters in the areas of Agioi Saranta and the wider region of Northern Epirus.
-The destroyers "Psara",under the command of Commander P. Konstas and "Spetsai",under the command of Commander V. Asimakis,launch a bold coastal and inland bombardment of the area between Konispolis,Philiates and Sagiada,thus providing relief to the Greek Forces that are severely pressed by the enemy.

31 October 1985
Nikos Engonopoulos dies of a heart attack.He is buried in the First Cemetery of Athens at public expense.
http://www.engonopoulos.gr/_images/engonopoulos.foto.jpg
http://www.engonopoulos.gr/

1 November 1539
Begins the constuction of the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of Saint George in Venice,Italy,known as San Giorgio dei Greci,one of the most splendid Orthodox temples in the world.The interior gives hospitaity to many paintings by Greek painters of the sixteenth and seventeenth century as the Cretans Michael Damaskinos and Emmanuel Tzanes-Bounialis.Above the main entrance the visitor sees a mosaic of Jesus Christ with an inscription composed by Michael Sofianos in 1564 :
"With the help of our Saviour Jesus Christ and of the holy Martyr Saint George,the Greek immigrants and those travelling through Venice,with their own efforts built this Church,so that they may worship God according to their ancestral tradition".
http://www.invenicetoday.com/tour/chiese/castello/images/giorgio_greci.jpghttp://www.ortodossia.it/Grec.jpg
San Giorgio dei Greci-Saint George of Greeks.

1 November 1800
Ioannis Antonios Capodistrias and Nikolaos Sigouros,representatives of the Senate of the Ionian islands,are received in Constantinople and are granted by the Grand Vizier the constitution by which the autonomy of the Ionian islands is recognized.The flag of the new state is blessed by the Ecumenical Patriarch.

1 November 1824
After pursuing Husrec’s Turco-Egyptian fleet under the command of Admiral Ibrahim,Andreas Miaoulis meets up with it off the coast of Herakleion,Crete. In the naval battle that follows Miaoulis captures seven transports loaded with troops and equipment.The enemy fleet sustains heavy losses and is pursued on to Karpathos.

1 November 1825
G. Karaiskakis clashes with Delibashi near Laspes in Aetolia-Acarmania.In this victorious battle the Greeks kill sixty enemy infantrymen and cavalrymen,take much booty and the paymaster’s 500.000 piasters.Greek casualties number two killed and two wounded.
http://img209.imageshack.us/img209/109/karaiskakisaq9.png
Georgios Karaiskakis.

1 November 1909
The first Pan-Hellenic Congress of Agriculture,Industry and Trade begins its works in Athens.

1 November 1913
The Convention of Athens is signed in Athens between Greece and the Ottoman Empire with which suspended matters of the Treaty of London are regulated and the diplomatic relations between the two countries are restored .

1 November 1920
Elections give the victory to the anti-Venizelist bloc,the United Opposition.

1 November 1940
Thessaloniki is bombed four times by Italian aircrafts.On the same day Corfu, Metsovo,Kastoria,Larissa,Thebes,Piraeus,the naval base in Salamis,the isthmus in Corinth,Herakleion,Rethymno and Suda are also bombed.A total of 169 Italian aircrafts take part in these raids.

1 November 1942
The Greek Brigade during the battle of El-Alamein launches a full scale attack on enemy positions.Its advance guard crosses a minefield and captures enemy positions as planned.Due to casualties though (6 dead,33 wounded) withdraws to its previous positions.
http://img381.imageshack.us/img381/9903/elalamein55om.jpg
The Greek Brigade attacks.

1 November 1945
De facto government of Panagiotis Kanellopoulos.

1 November 1968
Georgios Papandreou,statesman and prime minister,dies under house arrest.His funeral (November 3rd) becomes the occasion for a large anti-dictatorship demonstration.
http://www.politikokafeneio.com/istoria/geros154.jpg
G. Papandreou.

1 November 1974
G. Papadopoulos,St. Pattakos,N. Makarezos and other 62 persons who partecipated to the coup of 1967, are prosecuted for high treason.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/15/images/big/c_05.jpg
On April 21, 1967 the parliamentary constitution was abolished and a military junta was imposed.On the photo,the people that played a leading role in its consolidation.From left to right St. Pattakos,G. Papadopoulos and N. Makarezos.
Athens,Photographic Archives of K. Megalokonomou.

2 November 743
Constantinos V is restored to the throne of the Empire.

2 November 1826
Balanced battles between the forces of Karaiskakis and the Turks in the region of Domvrena,Thebes

2 November 1905
End of the revolt of Therissos in Crete under the leadership of El. Venizelos,K. Foumis and K. Manos.

2 November 1911
Odysseas Elytis (Alepoudelis) is born in Crete.In 1979 he is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
http://img56.imageshack.us/img56/8178/elytisphoto19zh7.jpg
Odysseas Elytis receives the Nobel Prize in Literature.

2 November 1912
The destroyer "Thyella" lands a party of forty men at Daphni in Athos Mountain,which proceeds to liberate Karyes.Later the battleship "Averoff" and the destroyers "Ierax" and "Panther" land a force of two hundred men in Ammouliani island in Chalkidiki which move on to seize Xarxes’ canal.Thus the Holy Mountain (Mount Athos) is liberated and the Greek flag is raised in Karyes,its administrative center.

2 November 1940
-A major Italian attack by the "Centauro" and "Ferrara" Divisions against the Elaia (Kalpaki) position in Epirus begins at 15:00 hours.The attack will continue with powerful artillery and air support until 7 November,without substantial results because of the steadfast defense by Epirus Division VIII under Major General Charalambos Katsimitros.

-Italian aircrafts bomb Ioannina,Metsovo,Kastoria,Karditsa,Pylos,Aitolikon ,Rethymno,Chania,Patra,Corfu,Thessaloniki and many other areas.A total of 170 Italian aircrafts take part in these raids.On the same day four Greek aircrafts bomb military targets in Argyrokastro and seven aircrafts struck targets in Korytsa.

-A plane of the PZL type of the Royal Hellenic Air Force with pilot the Pilot Officer Marinos Mitralexis,brings down a plane of the italian Reggia Aeronautica of CANT 1007BIS type,near Thessaloniki.The fall of the hostile plane takes place with embolism of its wing by the greek one.
http://www.hellasarmy.gr/pzl24g-2b.jpg
One of the 36 PZL-P 24FG aircrafts of the Royal Hellenic Air Force in the beginning of WWII.

2 November 1960
Dimitris Mitropoulos,conductor,pianist and composer,dies during a rehearsal of Mahler's Third Symphony at Milan's Teatro alla Scala,Italy.
http://www.mitropouloscompetition.gr/gallery/18.jpg
Dimitris Mitropoulos.

2 November 1961
Government of Konstantinos Karamanlis.

2 November 1967
The first open-heart surgery in Greece is performed in the Evangelismos Hospital,Athens.

3 November 361
Death of the Emperor Constantios II.

3 November 1675
Seven hundred Maniots leave their land for Corsica.From that time on the Greek element plays a leading role in the history of the island.

3 November 1821
Turkish forces under Omer Vryoni attack the city of Issos and the monastery of Osios Meletios in Boeotia.The monastery is defended by a garrison of sixty men under Karigiannes.Both Issos and the monastery are captured by the Turks and set on fire.

3 November 1865
Prime Minister Epameinondas Deligiorgis is forced to resignation because of the dissatisfaction of the public opinion for the adviser of King Georgios, Wilhelm Sponneck.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/domestic_policy/ag_14.jpg
Epameinondas Deligiorgis (1829-1879).
Athens,Hellenic Literary and Historical Photographic Archive.

3 November 1869
Death of Andreas Kalvos,one of the greatest Greek writers of the 19th century.

3 November 1878
The “Chalepa Agreement� is signed in the Chania suburb of the same name between Cretan revolutionaries and the Envoy Extraordinary of the Porte Gazi Ahmet Muhtar.The agreement is the result of a successful revolution by the Cretans.By this agreement the Cretans achieve the first recorded privileges, including the recognition of Greek as an official language,equality before the law,designation of a flag,the publication of newspapers,the establishing of Greek schools etc.This constituted the first major step for union with Greece.However in 1889 the unfortunate declaration of the Union by the Party of Army Officers,led to the cancellation of the Agreement and to a period of terrorism against Christians.

3 November 1905
The Municipality of Athens contracts a convention with the company The Neuchatel Asphalte Co Ltd for asphalting Omonoia Square,Panepistimiou Street and Athinas Street.Few days earlier the asphalting of part of Eolou Street had been completed,the first in the Greek capital,from the company London Asphalte Co Ltd.

3 November 1912
Battle in Komano,north of Kozani.Greek victory.

3 November 1935
A plebiscite by the government of the coup of Georgios Kondylis legalizes the restoration of monarchy and of King George II.

3 November 1942
The Greek Brigade in the battle of El-Alamein launches an attack (2 companies) on identified German positions.At 21:00,reports affirm the capturing of all enemy positions.In the night,the Brigade receives orders to clear the surrounding enemy minefields.

3 November 1944
Circulates the biggest in nominal value Greek banknote of 100 billions drachmas,which brings the signature of the then governor of the Bank of Greece Xenofontas Zolotas.It is considered the last banknote of the Occupation period.

3 November 1950
Government of Sofoklis Venizelos.

3 November 1963
The Centre Union Party under Georgios Papandreou is elected first party in the national elections with the percentage of 42,2%.The percentages of the other parties are the following:ERE 39,4%,EDA 14,7% and Progressive 3,7%. Papandreou forms a government,while simultaneously reveals his intention to lead the country shortly to elections,in order to clarify the political landscape.

3 November 1993
Miltiadis Evert is elected president of the New Democracy party.

4 November 1821
A force of one thousand Greeks under Ktenas besiege the Acropolis in Athens,after a surprise entry into the city the previous night.The Turks were able to shut themselves in the Sacred Rock.

4 November 1883
Nikolaos Plastiras,general of the Greek army who also served as a Prime Minister,is born in Karditsa,Thessaly.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/domestic_policy/ag_14.jpg
Nikolaos Plastiras (1883-1953).

4 November 1912
-The liberation of Siatista.Powerful Turkish forces,including a Pack Artillery battery,under the command of Mehmet Pasha,attack the town of Siatista,already in revolt since 12 October.The Greek units in Siatista repel the Turks and save the city and the 30.000 women and children from the surrounding region that had sought refuge there.Elements of the advancing Greek Army under Colonel Epites (5,000 men,3 field artillery guns),aided by Siatistan scouts and Cretan volunteers,under Georgios Papadopetros,Panayotis Phiotakis and Michael Tsiontos,attack and defeat the Ottoman Army in the battle and liberate definitely the town.
http://www.siatistanews.gr/0404/images/04112003f16.jpg
The Greek flag raised at the house of Nikolaos and Agni Patsias on 5-11-1912.The dummy on the left is dressed in traditional Siatistan clothing,worn by the Siatistan rebels in 1912.

-The destroyer "Thyella" lands a party of the Hellenic Army in Ikaria who liberate the island.

4 November 1918
The Socialist Labour Party of Greece (SEKE,Σοσιαλιστικό Εργατικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας) is founded in Athens.It is later renamed into Communist Party of Greece (KKE,Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας).
http://www.rizospastis.gr/getImage.do?size=medium&id=16192&format=.jpg
Photograph from the First Socialist Congress that was held in Piraeus on 4-10 November 1918, where SEKE (Socialist Labour Party of Greece) has been founded.
http://www.macedoniaontheweb.com/forum/free-speech-macedonia-forum/1175-kke-under-soviet-tutelage.html

4 November 1920
Government of Dimitrios Rallis.

4 November 1932
Government of Panagis Tsaldaris.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1923_1940/foreign_policy/gallery/cpr_01.jpg
Panagis Tsaldaris (1868-1936).

4 November 1940
Italian aircrafts bomb Metsovo,the Corfu-Preveza-Patras axis,many bridges connecting the national road network,Piraeus,Volos and other targets.The Hellenic Air Force shoots down three Italian aircrafts in dog fights.

4 November 1942
The Greek Brigade in the battle of El-Alamein in co-ordination with the French Brigade and the British 69th Brigade,attack on area 103.

4 November 1944
The evacuation of the German forces from Greece is completed.German garrisons remain on the islands of Rhodes,Kalymnos,Kos,Leros,Milos and in the northwest part of Crete until May 1945.

5 November 1815
Britain and Russia sign in Paris a special treaty,according to which the Ionian Islands are placed under the british protection under the name "United States of the Ionian Islands"-"Ηνωμέναι Πολιτείαι των Ιονίων Νήσων".
http://www.grecian.net/GREECE/ionian/ionianmap.gif
The Ionian islands or Eptanisa, Corfu (Kerkira),Cephalonia (Kefallonia),Zacynthus (Zakinthos,Zante),Leucas (Lefkada),Ithaca (Ithaki),Cythera (KÃ*thira) and Paxos (PaxÃ*).

5 November 1828
Livadeia is occupied by Greek forces under Dimitrios Ypsilantis after the capitulation of its garrison.According to its terms,1.000 infantry and cavalry of the city’s Turk-Albanian garrison depart towards Lamia and Euboea under an escort led by D. Eumorphopoulos.

5 November 1912
Volunteer forces consisting of Epirotans and 200 Cretans commanded by Gendarmerie Major Spyros Spyromilios land in Cheimarra.After a brief battle they take the Turkish garrisons prisoners and liberate the city.

5 November 1912
Division VI ousts the Turks and enters Arnissa,in Edessa,after a two-day battle.

5 November 1914
Britain declares the Anglo-Turkish treaty of 1878 null and void and declares the annexation of Cyprus in the form of a royal dominion.

5 November 1942
In the morning,elements of the Greek Brigade in the battle of El-Alamein,reach area 103. 314 Italians are captured.The Brigade receives orders to take defensive positions and spend the night there.

5 November 1989
Despite its victory with 46,2% in the National elections,the New Democracy party,because of the electoral system,is unable to form a government.(PASOK 40,70%,Coalition 11%).

6 November 1825
The Egyptian fleet arrives in Messolonghi.

6 November 1856
The Participial Fund of the Hellenic Navy (Μετοχικο Ταμείο Ναυτικου-Μ.Τ.Ν.) is founded.
http://www.mtn.gr/images/mtn1.jpg

6 November 1912
The 8th Evzone Battalion (Division VI) liberates the village of Kelli in Florina after a successful attack.

6 November 1940
The Italian Siena Division,that had been attacking the Thesprotia area since the beginning of the invasion,succeeds in establishing a strong bridgehead on the southern bank of the Kalamas river creating an alarming situation for Hellenic Division VIII.

6 November 1942
The Greek Brigade receives orders to return to Egypt.End of the operations in El-Alamein.
Col Katsotas,received a personal letter from Montgomery on December 21:
"...your chosen troops met with gallantry our expectations. With their meritorious conduct earned the respect of the forces of the British Commonwealth..."
Gen Nichols (CO of the 50th Division) in his report,describes the achievements of the Greek Brigade:
"...I trusted the Greeks implicitly.I was convinced that any operation or mission entrusted with the Greeks,would be achieved no matter the losses..."
The Greeks in the battle of El Alamein had 6 Officers,83 NCOs(non-commissioned officers) and men KIA(Killed In Action),26 Officers,202 NCOs and men WIA(Wounded In Action).
http://img465.imageshack.us/img465/6428/elalamein33pt.jpg
The Greek Memorial at El-Alamein.

6 November 1964
With a decision of the Parliament the post Civil War arrangements are terminated.The Third Resolution,the exiles and the certificates of social beliefs are no longer effective.

6 November 1996
The guided missile boat "Kostakos" of the Hellenic Navy sinks shortly after the collission with the ferry boat "Samena" at Avlakia off Samos island in the Aegean Sea.Four individuals part of its 38-member crew lose their lives.The 71 passengers of the ferry boat are all well,although the ship undergoes extensive damages.After persistent attempts "Kostakos" was refloated on March the 15th 1997 but the necessary repairs and re commissioning of the ship was judged financially inadvisable.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/oldShips/P-25.jpg
Kostakos,Lieutenant P-17(1980-1996),Fast Guided Missile Boat type Combattante IIIb.

7 November 1185
The Byzantine general Alexios Branas utterly defeats the Normans that had been threating Constantinople,in Dimitritsa near the river Strymon.As a result of this defeat the Normans evacuate Thessaloniki and Dyrrachio.

7 November 1905
Second Lieutenant Marinos Lymperopoulos (nom-de-guerre Capetan Krobas) from Messini in Messinia,who was at the head of a macedonian freedom fighter force,is killed in a clash with a Turkish unit.

7 November 1912
The 1st Cavalry Regiment of the Hellenic Army liberates Florina from the Turks.

7 November 1997
The Parliament votes the Kapodistrias Plan,which aims to the creation of new extensive municipalities with the union of minor ones.

8 November 324
The ceremony of the foundation of the city of Constantinople takes place.Constantinople will be inaugurated on May 11,330.

8 November 392
The Byzantine Emperor Theodosios the Great imposes limitations on paganism,which effectively outlaw it.Thus the religious and spiritual system of the ancient world collapses permanently.Christian Orthodoxy is established as the official religion and spiritual principle of the Byzantine state.

8 November 960
Byzantine troops under the command of Leo Phokas attack the Arabs at the defile of Kydros,near the fortress of Andrassos,and decimate their forces.

8 November 1272
Andronikos II Palaiologos,son of Michael VIII Palaiologos,is crowned co-emperor of the Empire.

8 November 1822
Part of the Greek fleet under Andreas Miaoulis resolves from the sea the siege of Messolonghi.

8 November 1825
Victory of Ibrahim pasha in Agoulinitsa of Ileia region.
http://www.tageo.com/get_map.php?lat=37.600&long=21.500&name=Limnothalassa agoulinitsa&tag=1

8 November 1843
The beginning of the first National Assembly,under 103 years old Panoutsos Notaras as President.

8 November 1866
"we are not going to mourn,we are not going to cry..."-"Ας μη θρηνήσωμεν,ας μην κλαύσωμεν...": : With this title circulates the Athenian newspaper "Century"-"Αιών" on November 17,1866 reporting the holocaust of Arkadion.During the Cretan Revolution on 1866 powerfull Turco-Egyptian troops beseige the Abbey of Arkadion near Rethimno where 250 fighters and 1.000 women and children have been closed.When the besiegers split the lines of defence and enter in the grounds of the monastery,the abbot Gavriil Marinakis commands Konstantinos Yamboudakis to blow up the powder magazine of the monastery.Follows a terrible explosion,which has as a result the death of all the mutineers and civilians who had been kept there along with the besiegers.
http://www.interkriti.org/visits/rethimno/adele/1arkadi2.jpg
Lagoumi.The gunpowder storage room of Arkadi Monastery.
http://www.interkriti.org/visits/rethimno/adele/1giamb1.jpg
Konstantinos Yamboudakis
http://www.rethymnon.gr/culture/arkadi1.jpg
The church in the centre of the monastery dedicated to the Transfiguration of the Saviour and to the Saints Constantine and Helen.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/foreign_policy/bg_04.jpg
Charalampos Pachis,The holocaust of the monastery Arkadi.
Athens,National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum,Koutlidis Collection.

8 November 1895
Fotis Kontoglou hagiographer and writer is born in Kidonies (Aivali) of Minor Asia.
http://www.kontoglou.gr/en/images/tn/Untitled-13.jpghttp://www.kontoglou.gr/en/images/tn/2.jpg
Virgin Mary and self portrait.

8 November 1901
The "Evangelika" events (Gospel riots),named after the tentative to publish the Gospels in the Demotic and the subsequent reactions,take place in Athens.During the demonstrations 8 persons lose their lives and 80 remain wounded.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/civilization/el_01.jpg
The riots of 8 November 1901 against the publication of the translation of the Gospels in demotic by Alexandros Pallis.Black and white popular lithograph

8 November 1903
Students of the University of Athens that demonstrate their opposition to the translation in the demotic of the trilogy of tragedies "Oresteia" of Aeschylus from professor Georgios Sotiriadis,clash with the police.The students,which are instigated by the professor of classic literature Georgios Mistriotis,proceed in destructions in the area of the Royal Theatre,where the spectacle would be given.The tragic result of these violent episodes is that three demonstrators are killed and seven are wounded.The events are named "Oresteiaka" after Aeschylus tragedies.
http://www.ancientgreekdrama.gr/images/icons/300/top8.jpg
Aeschylus,Oresteia,Epidaurus Festival,1980

8 November 1912
Liberation of Lesbos.A naval detachment and a military force of one thousand men under the command of Alexander Manousakis (transported on board the battleship Averoff and three requisitioned steamships) land in Mytilini at 14:00 hours.The Turkish garrison of 2000 men withdraw inland,where it is forced to surrender on December 8,after losing a battle in the area of the village of Klapados.Thus all of Lesbos island is liberated.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex5/photo5.jpg
Commemorative card on the landing of the Greek Army in Mytilini

8 November 1915
E.Venizelos declares the abstention of his party from the elections that will take place on December considering anticonstitutional the dissolution of the Parliament.

8 November 1935
Stratos Dionysiou is born in Nigrita,Serres prefecture,Macedonia.He was one of the greatest singers of popular greek music.
http://www.shops.gr/saxon/images/emi-dionysiou-anthol.jpg

8 November 1940
The Italian attacks against the Elaia-Kalamas area are suspended after successive failures.Italian forces start getting defensive deployment.

8 November 1944
The 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade also known as the Rimini Brigade, is arriving in Piraeus after honourably partecipating to the battle of the Gothic Line.
http://www.army.gr/n/g/archive/signs/images/3_MK_Ta3.jpghttp://img95.imageshack.us/img95/4598/3rdhmd3wk.jpg
Crests of the III GMB.

8 November 1961
Georgios Papandreou declares an "uncompromising fight" against the right-wing government of Konstantinos Karamanlis.

8 November 1963
Government of Georgios Papandreou.

8 November 2001
Aristidis Moschos,one of the greatest santouri players of greek traditional music,dies.
http://www.epoxi.gr/mosxos.jpg

9 November 959
Death of the Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennitos.

9 November 1825
Ibrahim pasha burns the city of Pyrgos in Ileia region.

9 November 1858
The minister of Foreign Affairs of Britain Gladstone arrives in the Ionian Islands in order to discusse the reform of the existing system of administration.

9 November 1912
The Greek Torpedo-Boat "14" under the command of P. Argyropoulos infiltrates in the harbour of Aivali and sinks the Turkish battleship "Trapezous".

9 November 1931
Following conversations of the governments of Greece and Turkey (Venizelos and Inonou) the monk Amvrosios Soumeliotis visits the ruined monastery of Soumela in Trapezounda and retrieves the holy icon of Panagia Soumela.He brings it along with other church valuables in Athens.In 1951,the holy icon,that had been kept in the Byzantine Museum of Athens,is transferred to the new Monastery of Soumela that was constructed on mount Vermion 92 km west of the city of Thessaloniki in Macedonia,Greece, where it is kept today.
http://www.ert.gr/afieromata/dekapentaugoustos/photos/panagia_soumela_tet.gif
The holy icon of Panagia Soumela in the monastery of Panagia Soumela, founded by refugees from Pontos in mount Vermion,Macedonia,Greece.

http://www.pontos.gr/pontosgr_photos/soumela/photos/photo19.jpg
The monastery of Panagia Soumela in Trapezounda district (todays’ Turkey) today.

10 November 959
Romanos II becomes Emperor.

10 November 1825
Ibrahim Pasha besieges the Vartholomaios monastery in Ileia region.The besieged Greeks,after being reinforced by 200 fighters,repulse a number of powerful attacks by the Egyptians,inflicting on them heavy casualties.In the end,all of the monastery’s defenders perish in battle.

10 November 1826
Unsuccessful attempt of Kioutachi to explode Acropolis in Athens.

10 November 1836
King Otto marries in Oldenburg the Duchess Amelie of Oldenburg.

10 November 1862
Demonstrations in Athens in favour of the candidature for the Greek throne of Prince Alfred,second-born son of the Queen of the United Kingdom Victoria.Britain does not accept the candidature,because it is hindered by the international conditions that were signed for the Greek question.

10 November 1916
The Provisional Government of Thessaloniki declares war against Bulgaria and Germany.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/foreign_policy/bg_13.jpg
Photograph of the "Triumvirate" of National Defence.Ε. Venizelos, general P. Danglis and admiral P. Koundouriotis along with their collaborators in the Government House of Thessaloniki.

10 November 1941
The submarine Glafkos Y-6 (1930-1942) sinks the German freighter NORBURG (2,392 tons) off Souda bay in Crete.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/dy/images/DY_FOTO/history/U6.jpg
Submarine Glafkos Y-6 (1930-1942).

10 November 1942
The submarine Triton Y-5 (1930-1942) under Lieutenant Commander Kontoyiannis will sail from Port Said for her last war patrol,while at the same time she will bring to an end a special operation with the name "NEPTUNE",by landing agents in Euboia island.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/dy/images/DY_FOTO/history/Y5.jpg
Submarine Triton Y-5 (1930-1942).

11 November 1826
Aegina island becomes the seat of the government of A. Zaimis.

11 November 1867
King Georgios and Queen Olga after their wedding,arrive in Greece onboard "Messolongion".

11 November 1912
Samos,under the leadership of Themistoklis Sophoulis,rebells and declares union (enosis) with Greece.The union temporarily was not recognized by Greece for diplomatic reasons,until March 2,1913.

11 November 1912
-Division III and the 1st Cavalry Regiment of the Hellenic Army liberate Kastoria.

-The liberation of Chios.A 7th Infantry Regiment group,that is transported on the steamships Patris,Sappho and Erietta,protected by the fleet’s cruiser squadron,lands in the location Kontari,south of the port of Chios.The next day it liberates the city of Chios and pushes the Turkish garrison consisting of thirty-seven officers and 1.800 enlisted men,further inland.The Turks will surrender on 21 December 1912.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex5/photo12.jpg

11 November 1940
Italian aircrafts bomb the area of the Prespa lakes,Metsovo,Ioannina,Kilkis,Corfu,Herakleion in Crete and other places.The Hellenic Air Force conducts reconnaissance on behalf of the Field Army and bombs the port of Aulona (Valona).

11 November 1942
The Turkish Parliament votes a law that imposes extraordinary contribution in the property (Varlik vergisi).This law,a way of racial persecution aiming to reduce the minority populations' control over the turkish economy,is turned mainly against the Greeks,the Jews and the Armenians.

11 November 1950
The Hellenic Air Force 13th Transport Flight/13 Sminos Metaphoron (13 Σμηνος Μεταφορων),consisting of C-47D Dakota aircrafts,departs from Greece and arrives in Japan on 1 December,in order to take part in the Korean War.
http://koti.welho.com/msolanak/badg13korea.gif

11 November 1990
-Yannis Ritsos,a distinguished modern Greek poet,dies in Athens.
http://www.phys.uoa.gr/~nektar/arts/tributes/giannhs_ritsos/ritsos2.jpg
Yannis Ritsos (May 1,1909–November 11,1990)

-Alexis Minotakis,known as Alexis Minotis,distinguished Greek actor and director,dies.
http://www.n-t.gr/img/product/55549/Ekavi55(a).jpg
Euripides' Hecuba 1955, directed by Alexis Minotis.

Bravo re Amarantos

ευχαριστω:)

As a history teacher I would love to have my class put together a chronicle like you do. However, I only have 30 students and I know they could not possibly do what you do. These postings are phenomenal and I hope that the other viewers of this forum recognize what a Herculean task you take on EVERY DAY! Bravo sou.

As a history teacher I would love to have my class put together a chronicle like you do. However, I only have 30 students and I know they could not possibly do what you do. These postings are phenomenal and I hope that the other viewers of this forum recognize what a Herculean task you take on EVERY DAY! Bravo sou.
Thank you pankration:)

12 November 1028
Romanos III Argyros becomes Emperor.

12 November 1726
Savas the Newmartyr of Nigdi,Asia Minor,is decapitated by the Turks.

12 November 1824
Panos Kolokotronis,son of Theodoros,is killed outside Tripolitza during a conflict with the governmentals,followers of Kountouriotis.

12 November 1826
Military operations of Karaiskakis in Arachova and Livadia.
http://www.evrytan.gr/images/karaisk_4.jpg
Georgios Karaiskakis.

12 November 1873
The Town Theater of Athens is founded in plans made by the German architect Hernest Ziller.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/civilization/eth_05.jpg
Athens Theatre,1886.
Athens,Municipal Gallery,No. 899.

12 November 1894
The National Committee (Εθνική Εταιρεία) is founded with the goal of "rekindling our national beliefs and being alert for the interests of enslaved Greeks and preparing their liberation at any cost".
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/foreign_policy/bl_06.jpg
The seal of the National Committee.

12 November 1904
The Macedonian Freedom Fighter forces led by Second Lieutenant Georgios Katechakis (nom-de-guerre Roùvas) and by Euthymios Kaoudis,penetrate in the village of Sklithro in the Florina region and they boldly attack a house in which the wedding of an important member of the VMRO was taking place,that was attended by the leading komitadji Kole.In the battle that follows the two Macedonian Freedom Fighter forces succeed in killing twelve armed komitadjis and in spreading terror to the Bulgarian organizations in the region.

12 November 1912
Celebrations for the arrival of the Hellenic Army in the city of Chios and the liberation of the island.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex5/photo11.jpg

12 November 1922
The Hellenic Army abandons Eastern Thrace.

12 November 1940
After the pitiable failure of the Italian offensive in the front of Northern Epirus,Hitler issues his first secret order,general directive no. 18,to his General Staff to work out a plan and prepare for an attack against Greece.

12 November 1944
Evangelos Ioannou,poet and critic,known as Tellos Agras after the famous Macedonian Freedom Fighter,dies.

12 November 1979
Pythagoras (Papastamatiou) distinguished song writer and composer,dies.One of his best known works is "Mikra Asia".
http://www.amity.gr/mousika/mikraasia/MikraAsiaCD.jpg

13 November 1646
Turkish forces under Deli Huseyin Pasha capture the city of Rethymno after repeated attacks.

13 November 1821
The city of Arta is liberated by the Souliot fighters Markos and Notis Mpotsaris,the brothers Tzavela,Lampros Veikos and others.

13 November 1822
The Hydriot fleet under Lazaros Panagiotis land in Mesolongi 1.500 men under Petrobey Mauromichalis,Elias Tsalaphatinos,Kanellos Deligiannis and Andreas Zaimis in order to reinforce the city’s garrison.

13 November 1857
The government of Dimitrios Voulgaris resigns.New government under Athanasios Miaoulis.

13 Nonember 1940
The restoration of the integrity of the Pindus sector is nearly completed up to the borders on the mountain Grammos.The Italian Alpinist Division Giulia,which had penetrated to a depth of 30 km. on a front of 20 km. up to the village of Vovousa north of Metsovo is crushed and retreats from the Greek territory.This is the result of offensive actions that had been launched as of 1 November by Division I,the Cavalary Brigade and other units and battle groups of Army Corps B in the areas of Eptachori,Fourka,Distrato,Samarina,Vovousa and Palaioseli.

13 November 1979
Dimitris Psathas,born in Trapezounta of Pontos on 1907,journalist and writer,dies.

14 November 565
Death of the Emperor Justinian I-Ιουστινιανός.

14 November 1359
Saint Grigorios Palamas,Archbishop of Thessaloniki (1347-1359),with great offer in Greek Letters in Macedonia,dies.
http://www.imth.gr/inst/imth/gallery/SaintImages/gregorypalamas.jpg
Grigorios Palamas (1297-1359)

http://www.imth.gr/

14 November 1821
The Turks burn Polygyros in Chalkidiki,Macedonia,Greece.

14 November 1827
Victorious battle in Trikeri,Magnesia,Thessaly,Greece.

14 November 1834
Architect Stamatis Kleanthis responsible for the remodeling of the city of Athens,is being acused by the newspaper "AthinÃ*"-"Αθηνά" of speculation.Few days later the newspaper is forced to recall after the indictment that the offended part submited.

14 November 1906
The Macedonian Freedom Fighters force led by Second Lieutenant Sarantos Agapinos (nom-de-guerre Tellos Agras),that was active in lake Giannitsa, attacks with the objective of capturing the main Bulgarian kalyva (=hut) in the area of Zervochori.Even though the Greek force inflicts serious casualties on the komitadjis,it is unable to achieve its mission,while Agapinos,his second-in-command and four of his men are wounded.

14 November 1922
Government of Stylianos Gonatas.Resignation on January 11,1924.

14 November 1935
Lefteris Papadopoulos lyricist,poet and journalist,who has collaborated with many great artists like Mikis Theodorakis,Stavros Xarchakos,Stelios Kazantzidis,Giorgos Dalaras and others,is born.
http://www.hridanos.gr/volume07/images/proseggiseis/papadopoulos/title.jpg

14 November 1940
The italian infantry division Ferrara is stopped and obliged to retreat in Delvinaki straits by the Hellenic Army.

14 November 1952
Dimitra Galani,singer,is born in Athens.
http://www.galani.gr/

14 Novenber 1966
In Athens begins the trial for the "Aspida"-"Shield" case.Various officers are accused of treason and intentions of staging a coup.

15 November 565
Justinos II becomes Emperor.He will remain to the throne until October 5,578.

15 November 1821
The assembly of the administration of Eastern Sterea takes place under the presidency of Theodoros Negris.Two days later the assembly elects the members of the Legal Provision of east-central Greece-Areios Pagos,a political,administrative and juridical organism.

15 November 1922
The pronouncement of the death penalty to six out of eight persons accused for the failure of the Asia Minor campaign and especially the uprooting of Asia Minor Hellenism,takes place at 0630 hours.Georgios Hatzianestis (Commander-in-Chief),Dimitrios Gounaris,Nikolaos Stratos,Petros Protopapadakis,Georgios Baltatzis,Nikolaos Theotokis (statesmen,leading figures of the Popular party) are sentenced to death for high treason.
Nikolaos Plastiras signs the order for the execution of the Six.
"At 11:30 a.m. today,in Goudi,the death sentence implementation for the six condemned from the Extraordinary Revolutionary Martial Court, persons in charge of the Asia Minor Destruction,consisting of the group of the five politicians Petros Protopapadakis,Dimitrios Gounaris,Nikolaos Stratos,Georgios Baltatzis and Nikolaos Theotokis and the Commander-in-Chief of the defeat Georgios Hatzianestis,was carried out in complete military order." - "Την 11 και 30΄ π.μ. της σήμερον,εις τον παρά το Γουδί χώρον,εξετελέσθη εν πλήρει στρατιωτική τάξει η θανατική εκτέλεσις των Εξ καταδικασθέντων υπό του Εκτάκτου Επαναστατικού Στρατοδικείου,υπευθύνων της Μικρασιατικής Καταστροφής, ήτοι των απαρτισάντων το Συμβούλιον των Πέντε,πολιτικών Π. Πρωτοπαπαδάκη,Δ. Γούναρη,Ν. Στράτου,Γ. Μπαλτατζή και Ν. Θεοτόκη και του αρχιστρατήγου της ήττης Γ.Χατζηανέαστη."
Extract of the governmental bulletin,which is reporting the execution of the Six.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/domestic_policy/ag_16.jpg
Snapshot from the Trial of the Six. November 1922.

15 November 1967
Battles take place in the village of Agios Theodoros and in the neighboring village of Kofinos between Greekcypriot and Turkishcypriot residents,after initiative of general Grivas.The Turkish national assembly in secret voting decides with only two negative votes to declare war against Greece.The USA send the mediator C. Vance in the region.

15 November 1983
Rauf Denktas with the support of Ankara declares as "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" the military occupied by the turkish army territory of Cyprus.Few days later the Security Council of the UN with the resolution 541/83 condemns this particular act.

16 November 534
First publication of the Justinian Code.

16 November 1822
Death of Panagiotis Krevvatas,revolutionary with great contribution to the military and political events in the first two years of the Revolution.

16 November 1828
The Great Powers,Russia,England and France,sign the protocol of London, which forecasts the retirement of the Turkish troops from Greece.This protocol excluded Central Greece from the Greek State's territory.The frontiers of the new Greek state that was under formation included only the Peloponnese and the Cyclades.However,some months later,the frontier line Amvrakikos-Pagasitikos was adopted by the Great Powers in the Protocol of 10/22 March 1829 which was signed in London too.

16 November 1864
King Georgios oath-taking before the National Assembly takes place.He is the first King of the Hellenic Royal Republic.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/domestic_policy/ath_06.jpghttp://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/domestic_policy/ag_13.jpg
Portraits of king Georgios in the first years of his reign.Benaki Museum.

16 November 1942
The Greek submarine Triton,under the command of Lieutenant Epameinondas Kontogiannis,attacks a German convoy in the Kafireas straits near Euboea island and sinks the oil tanker ALBA JULIA.It is pursued by the German patrol boat UJ201 for six hours and is torpedoed,sinking in the position 37.07 Β 024.39 Α.In total 23 of her crew die and 30 are captured among them her CO. while 2 escape swimming to the shore (Chief Petty Officer Maroulas and Petty Officer Papadimitriou).
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/dy/images/DY_FOTO/history/Y5.jpg
Triton Y-5 (1930-1942).

16 November 1950
The EKSE (ΕΚΣΕ: Ekstratephtiko Soma Ellados) Headquarters and Battalion under the command of Colonel Ioannis Daskalopoulos,departs from Greece on its way to Korea.This Force is comprised of fifty-three officers and 798 enlisted men and joins the other United Nations forces that participate in the Korean War.
The Greek forces participated in many battles in Geumhwa and Cholwon,and around Imjin river,and they also fought bravely in Geumsung area until the moment of the ceasefire.186 of them were killed and 543 were injured in defense of Korea during the war.
http://www.outpostharry.org/patch.jpg

16 November 1952
The party of the Field Marshal Alexandros Papagos,"Greek Alarm"-" Ελληνικός Συναγερμός",wins the elections with the percentage of 49,22% of the votes,and with 247 seats in the Parliament forms a government. (death of A. Papagos on October,4 1955).
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/15/images/big/b_03.jpg
Marshal Al. Papagos,leader of the Hellenikos Synagermos.Pre-election period 1952.

16 November 1953
Glykeria,distinguished singer,is born in the village Agio Pneuma near Serres,Macedonia.
http://www.evolutionmusic.org/copertine/label_38/p01-5019396189126.jpg
"The voice of Greece"

Τι σε μέλλει εσένανε
από πού είμαι εγώ
απ' το Καραντάσι φως μου
ή απ' το Κορδελιό

Τι σε μέλλει εσένανε
κι όλο με ρωτάς
από ποιο χωριό είμαι εγώ
αφού δε μ' αγαπάς

Απ' τον τόπο που είμαι εγώ
ξέυρουν ν' αγαπούν
ξεύρουν τον καημό να κρύβουν
ξεύρουν να γλεντούν

Τι σε μέλλει εσένανε
κι όλο με ρωτάς
από ποιο χωριό είμαι εγώ
αφού δε μ' αγαπάς

Απ' τη Σμύρνη έρχομαι
να βρω παρηγοριά
να βρω μες στην Πατριδα μας
αγάπη κι αγκαλιά

Τι σε μέλλει εσένανε
κι όλο με ρωτάς
από ποιο χωριό είμαι εγώ
αφού δε μ' αγαπάς
-----------------------------------
Why are you so interested in knowing
from which place i come from
from Karantasi dear
or from Kordelio

Why are you so interested
and you 're continually asking me
from which village do i come
since you don't love me

In the place that i come from
people know how to love
they know how to hide the pain
they know how to have fun

Why are you so interested
and you 're continually asking me
from which village do i come
since you don't love me

I come from Smyrna
to find comfort
to find in our Fatherland
love and a hug

Why are you so interested
and you 're continually asking me
from which village do i come
since you don't love me

Traditional song of Smyrna,entitled "Τι σε μέλλει εσένανε" (http://rapidshare.com/files/3611681/06_Ti_se_melei_esenane_-_Glykeria.mp3.html)«------click to download

16 November 1871
Stratos Pagioumtzis,born in Aivali in Asia Minor on 1904,great rembetiko singer,dies in New York.
http://img133.imageshack.us/img133/5017/4489oy1.jpg
The "Four of Piraeus" - "Τετράς του Πειραιώς",Markos Vamvakaris,Stratos Pagioymtzis(standing on the right),Giorgos Mpatis,Anestis Delias.

17 November 1861
Spyros Samaras,composer of the Olympic Anthem which was written by Kostis Palamas,is born in Corfu island (Kerkyra).The Anthem was first performed during the opening ceremony of the 1896 Summer Olympics,the first modern Olympic Games.It was declared the official anthem of the Olympic movement by the International Olympic Committee in 1958 and has been used at every Olympic opening ceremony since the 1964 Summer Olympics.

http://www.mmb.org.gr/files/olympiakoi/samara.jpg
Spyridon Samaras.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/civilization/eth_07.jpg
The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games of 1896 when the Olympic Anthem was performed for the first time.
http://www.mmb.org.gr/files/olympiakoi/SAMARAS-1.jpg
Cover of S. Samaras composition.

17 November 1864
The new constitution is published in the Government Gazette.It is the result of the National Assembly constituted after the enthronement of Otto and is composed of 110 articles.According to this constitution,the regime of the Royal Republic is established.Instead of the monarch,it is the Greek nation that is acknowledged as the source and agent and the political power.As determined in article 21:"All powers derive from the Nation and are exercised as defined by the Constitution".Other articles provide that the executive power is exercised by the king whereas the legislative power by the king and the Parliament (the Senate is not reconstituted).The parliament is composed of 150 -at least- deputies which are elected and its term of office lasts four years.Moreover,the direct universal suffrage with secret balloting is established and it is clearly determined that the elections shall be held on the entire territory at the same time.

17 November 1902
In the national elections the two dominating parties,of Deliyannis and Theotokis,elect 102 deputies each.This leads to governmental instability.The continuous conflicts between the followers of the two parties lead to violent incidents with many persons injured.The demonstrators use boards (σανίδες) from the buildings of the Stadiou Str. and the episodes will remain in the history as "Sanidika".

17 Nonember 1904
A Macedonia Freedom Fighters force of forty men under the command of Second Lieutenant Georgios Tsontos (nom-de-guerre Vardas),from Sphakia in Crete,crosses the Greek-Turkish border into Macedonia near Agiophyllo in Thessaly.The Greek Macedonian Committee had assigned the general leadership of the guerilla forces in the vilayet (province) of Monastir to Tsontos,after his predecessor Georgios Katechakis had fallen ill.
http://img90.imageshack.us/img90/6919/tsontosyd6.png
Georgios Tsontos-Vardas.

17 November 1936
Death of the politician Alexandros Papanastasiou.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/society/cpi_07.jpg
Alexandros Papanastasiou.

17 November 1968
Alexandros Panagoulis tried by a Military Court is sentenced to death for the assassination attempt against the head of the military coup Georgios Papadopoulos,on August 13,1968.He is transported to the island of Aegina for the sentence to be carried out,but as a result of political pressure from the international community,the junta avoids to execute him and instead he is incarcerated.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/15/images/big/c_06.jpg
Alexandros Panagoulis during the trial.

17 November 1973
The "Uprising of the Polytechnic-National Technical University of Athens". From the beginning of November began to emerge the accentuation of the anti-junta demonstrations.On November 15 hundreds of students begin to assemble in the courtyard of the Techical University and shout slogans, protesting against the military regime.Finally they barricade themselves in the building.Around 7.30 in the evening of November 16,the police tries to dissolve the students.In the midnight the army enters in Athens.In 2.30 in the morning of November 17,tanks are found outside the Techical University, while thousands of students are in the institution.In 2.45 a tank crashes through the gate of the Athens Polytechnic on Patision Str. and forces of the police entry in the Institution suppressing the Uprising.The government under Markezinis declares once again the military law.The student uprising of the Polytechnic is hailed by many as a valiant act of resistance against the military dictatorship,and therefore as a symbol of resistance to tyranny.It is currently a school holiday in Greece,while various events take place in memory of the student's uprising of 1973.
http://img222.imageshack.us/img222/6886/pol1og0.jpghttp://img205.imageshack.us/img205/8420/pol2of4.jpghttp://img205.imageshack.us/img205/1712/pol3bj9.jpg

17 November 1974
Konstantinos Karamanlis and his party wins the national elections obtaining a massive parliamentary majority.(New Democracy 54,4%, Center Union - New Forces 20,5%, Panhellenic Socialist Movement 13,5%, United Left 9%).

18 November 1916
The Battle of Athens-the November Incidents.A British-French force of 3000 men under the command of Admiral Dartige du Fournet lands in Phaliron and in Piraeus.Its objective is to occupy strategic points in Athens in order to force King Constantine’s government to withdraw troops from Thessaly and to deliver the quantities of the military material demanded by the allies,who are supporting Venizelos (In Greece this is the time of the National Schism as Eleftherios Venizelos sided with the movement of the National Defence and guides the revolutionary government in Thessaloniki,supporting the coalition with the Entente,while King Constantine does not wish to confront Germany).There follows an artillery bombardment and a battle in the area around Zappeion and the Stadium in which 194 British-French men and eighty four Greeks,"reservists"-"επίστρατοι" along with units of the Greek army loyal to the King,are killed or wounded,not including the non-combatants.The withdrawal of the British and the French became an occasion for mob violence on the next day against Venizelos’s supporters,who are deemed as responsible for the military action as the Allies.The incidents last for two days.

http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/domestic_policy/ag_10.jpg
The house of Venizelos at the corner of Panepistimiou avenue and Lykavittou that has been plundered by the reservists during the November fighting.

http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/domestic_policy/api_02.jpg
Athens is shaken by the landing of the Allied troops.The response of the Constantinists is to persecute their opponents on various pretexts real or fabricated.In the photograph arms that have been allegedly confiscated in the houses of Venizelos and his supporters.

http://ta-nea.dolnet.gr/data/D1999/D1104/1kn16e.jpg
Photograph of the incidents.

18 November 1948
Themistoklis Sophoulis leader of the Liberal Party becomes Prime Minister,head of the coalition government between the Liberal and the People's Party.

18 November 1885
Mitsos (Dimitrios) Gkogkos-"Mpagianteras",rebetiko singer,dies.
http://www.koutouzis.gr/gogos.1.gif

19 November 1862
A referendum for the election of a new King after the dethronement of Otto,takes place prepared by the Provisional Government.According to the results,as these are ratified by a resolution of the National Assembly (January 22,1863),from the 244.202 votes the 230.016 are in favour of the English prince Alfred.

19 November 1906
Dimitrios Dalipis,a guerilla leader in the Macedonian Struggle hailing from Gabresh (mod. Gavros) in Florina,is killed with all of the men of his group after a battle with superior Turkish forces in the village of Zelovo (mod. Antartiko) in the Korestia region.

19 November 1906
Paulos Kyrou,a guerilla leader in the Macedonian Struggle hailing from Zelovo (mod. Antartiko),is killed fighting superior Turkish forces in Oshtima (mod. Trigono),in the Korestia region.

19 November 1925
The Naval Hospital of Piraeus (Ναυτικό Νοσοκομείο Πειραιά-N.N.Π.) is founded.
http://img236.imageshack.us/img236/6770/nnpkentrikieisodoskm0.th.jpg (http://img236.imageshack.us/my.php?image=nnpkentrikieisodoskm0.jpg)

19 November 1942
Resignation of the Georgios Tsolakoglou government which was appointed by the German Occupation authorities.

19 November 1943
German forces attack Samos.Middle East Headquarters order the Sacred Band and the British commandos to evacuate the island,when the situation turns difficult.As allied forces withdraw,12800 Greek refugees and 8000 Italians also are transported to Turkey.

19 November 1958
Kyriakos Matsis,Cypriot fighter during the EOKA struggle,is killed by the British after refusing to surrender to them.When on 1956,arrested by the British and offered £500,000 ,a new identity and relocation if he would reveal the whereabouts of EOKA's leader Georgios Grivas-Digenis,he replied:"Ου περί χρημάτων τον αγώνα ποιούμεθα,αλλά περί αρετής"-"This struggle is for virtue not for money".
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/el/1/18/Matsis1.jpg
"Ου περί χρημάτων ο αγών,αλλά περί αρετής"
Kyriakos Matsis(1926-1958)

19 November 1999
President of the U.S.A B.Clinton visits Greece.

20 November 1825
The Hellenic fleet provides supplies to Messolonghi.

20 November 1912
A truce is agreed in Chatalja between Turkey and Bulgaria,which also represents the governments of Serbia and Montenegro.At this point only Greece continues the war against Turkey,having refused the conditions of the truce.

21 November 1864
The electoral law that is published in the "Gazette of the Government" among other rules dictates that an essential condition for the candidates is that they possess a property in the province where they announce their candidacy.All the Greeks that have passed the 21st year of their age and possess a property or exercise a profession have the right to vote.The electoral system continues being majoritarian with relative however majority,while as electoral region is considered the province.
http://www.parliament.gr/1912/images/ex2/photo4.jpg
The vote is represented by a sphere that is placed by the voter inside the electoral box,in the YES or NO section.This sistem established on 1864 was used until 1920.

21 November 1897
A peace treaty is concluded in Constantinople between Greece and Turkey ending the unfortunate Greek-Turkish War of 1897,as a result of which the boundary between the two states is changed,at the expense of the former.In addition,Greece is obliged to pay Turkey four million Turkish pounds as war reparations,and an international financial control is imposed on its economy.Thessaly's occupation by the Ottoman troops -part of which was lost with the war of 1897- will come to an end in the future as the Ottomans only retreat in May 1898,after having caused a lot of destruction and acts of violence to the land and the population.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/foreign_policy/bg_10.jpg
The Greek-Turkish War of 1897.Lithograph of the period:the battle of Melouna,published in the newspaper Le Petit Journal on May 2, 1897.

http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/foreign_policy/bg_11.jpg
Scene from the withdrawal of the Greek army in 1897:Refugees swarming the railway station of Larisa.

21 November 1974
Konstantinos Karamanlis government.Resignation November 28,1977.
http://www.karamanlis-foundation.gr/images/arxeio/a_18.jpg
Swearing-in of the first New Democracy government,November 1974.

22 November 1354
Emperor Ioannis VI Kantakouzinos,retires to a monastery where as a simple monk he will pass the rest of his life writing literary labours.

22 November 1821
Yusuf Selim Pasha burns the city of Patras.

22 November 1824
Death of Theodoros Negris,member of the Philiki Etaireia.

22 November 1920
A plebiscite held by the royalists,who are in government,reinstates Constantine to the throne.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/domestic_policy/api_03.jpg
The elections of November 1920 resulted to the reinstatement of Constantine to the throne.Photograph from the return of King Constantine in Greece.

22 November 1940
The Hellenic Army’s counteroffensive operations that began on 14 November have by 22 November accomplished the following:In Epirus,Infantry Divisions II,VIII and the Cavalry Division of Army Corps A recovered the part of the national territory and pushed the Italians beyond the country’s borders.In the Pindus-Aous river area,Army Corps B,consisting of Infantry Division I,the 5th Infantry Brigade and Cavalry Brigade,completed the recovery of the national territory,invaded Northern Epirus and captured the town of Leskovik on 22 November.In north-western Macedonia,Army Corps C (Infantry Divisions IX, X, XI, XIII and XV) captured,after hard-fought battles,the Morava and Ivan massifs by 21 November,and Korytsa on 22 November.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/23/GreekItalianGreekCounter.JPG
http://www.hri.org/MPA/gr/other/28_10/map1_b.gif
Greek counter-offensive (14 Nov 1940 - 8 March 1941)

http://i7.photobucket.com/albums/y263/diveskin/gun_dance.jpg
Greek troops dance before a captured Italian gun.

http://www.cslab.ntua.gr/~phib/hellas/1940/Korytsa.jpg
Liberation of Korytsa,Northern Epirus.November 22,1940.

22 November 1945
De facto government under Themistoklis Sophoulis.Resignation April 4,1946.The central committee of KKE (Communist Party of Greece) decides and announces its support to the government of T.Sophoulis until elections take place.

22 November 1951
The Greek representative in the UN G. Mavros in the meeting of guardianships of the international organization claims in favour of Cyprus the right of self-determination.With the British initiative,the Greek claim regarding Cyprus is erased by the official texts of the meeting.The Cypriot question enters in a new phase and becomes and officially a Greek case.

22 November 1954
The Naval Hospital of Athens (Ναυτικό Νοσοκομείο Αθηνών) is founded.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/upload/NNA_small.jpg

23 November 602
Phocas becomes Emperor of Byzantium.He will remain in the throne until October 5, 610.

23 November 867
Ignatios becomes Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

23 November 1803
The representatives of the Ionian Islands in a special assembly vote the new Constitution.According to it the Ionian Islands are "one and aristocratic"-"μία και αριστοκρατική",that is to say the Eptanisa is recognized as a single state - not a federal one anymore- with an oligarchic government.The executive power is practised by the Senate.With the last article the use of the Greek language in all the sectors of the state is imposed.

23 November 1825
The Hellenic fleet provides supplies to Messolonghi.

23 November 1826
Georgios Karaiskakis attacks the Turk-Albanians under the command of Mustafa Bey in Arachova,and wins a significant victory.The Turkish casualties number 1300 killed and 200 prisoners,with Mustafa Bey himself among the dead.The victory is due to Greek bravery and the strategic dexterity of Karaiskakis.

23 November 1828
A force of about 3000 Greeks led by Kitsos Tzavellas wins a glorious victory over 4500 Turks commanded by Kariofil Bey near Karpenesi.The Turks suffer serious casualties and turn panic-stricken to flight towards Rentina in the Agrapha region.

23 November 1843
The National Assembly decides to be named "the National Hellenic Assembly of September the 3rd in Athens"-"η της Γ΄ Σεπτεμβρίου εν Αθήναις Εθνική των Ελλήνων Συνέλευσις".

23 November 1989
New Democracy,Panhellenic Socialist Movement and Coalition,agree to support an ecumenical government with Xenophon Zolotas as Prime Minister until new elections capable to give a clear majority to one party,could be held.

24 November 1823
The Parliament ceases the Finance Minister Peroukas and the Minister of Internal Affairs Metaxas that replaces with Ioannis Kolettis.The political tension after the 2nd National Assembly is reaching at its peak.

24 November 1862
Elections take place for the appointment of the representatives in the Constitutional Assembly.The elections are taking place on the base of the electoral law of 1844,after this was modified with the resolution of October 23, 1862 that forecasted the partecipation also of the Greeks that do not live in Greece.

24 November 1912
A Greek detachment consisting of two infantry battalions and one artillery battery lands and liberates Agioi Saranta in Northern Epirus.It is forced to evacuate,however,due to the heavy enemy pressure which brings it to a difficult position.The detachment finally returns to Corfu on 28 November.

24 November 1940
Army Corps C of the Hellenic Army liberates Moschopolis in Northern Epirus.

24 November 1953
The minister of Coordination of the government of the Field Marshal Alexandros Papagos, Spiros Markezinis announces the devaluation of the Drachma vis-Ã*-vis the US dollar.Three zeros from the bank notes are cancelled,thus the equivalence of drachma-dollar becomes one dollar to thirty drachmas and no to thirty thousands drachmas,as it previously was.

25 November 1825
Balanced naval battle in Glaretza,Ilia,Peloponnese.

25 November 1835
King Ludwig I of Bavaria,father of King Othon,visits Athens accompanied by the German architect Friedrich von Gärtner,who will design the building that originally served as a palace for the Greek monarch and nowdays houses the Hellenic Parliament.
http://img20.imageshack.us/img20/6290/grparliamentol0.jpg

25 November 1935
King Georgios II,after the plebiscite held on the 3rd of November by the government that legalizes the restoration of monarchy,is received by members of Kondylis' government,immediately after his disembarkation form the steam-launch of the cruiser "Elli",at the pier of Phaliron.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1923_1940/domestic_policy/gallery/ath_02.jpg
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1923_1940/domestic_policy/gallery/ag_14.jpg
Prime minister Georgios Kondylis welcomes at Phaliron King Georgios II who returns to Greece.

25 November 1942
Greek guerrilla bands belonging to EDES under Colonel Napoleon Zervas and ELAS under Aris Velouhiotis and British saboteurs under Colonel Edward "Eddie" C.W. Myers,blow up the Gorgopotamos Bridge on the night of 25-26 November.The result of this important action was the interruption in the flow of supplies to the German forces in North Africa for six crucial weeks.
http://www.anistor.co.hol.gr/english/enback/gorgopotamos_bridge.jpg

25 November 1973
Brigadier Dimitrios Ioannidis overthrows Georgios Papadopoulos,the head of the military coup d'état of April 21, 1967, and becomes the new strong man of the regime.

26 November 811
Crash of the Byzantine army under Nikiphoros I by the Bulgarian troops led by Krum in the mountainous crossings near the Bulgarian capital Pliska,which Nikiphoros had already destroyed.Emperor Nikiphoros is killed during the battle and,according to different sources,his skull was made by Krum a drinking cup. In the same battle Staurakios,the son of Emperor Nikephoros I crowned as co-emperor by his father in 803,is seriously wounded.

26 November 1822
Death of Dramali Pasha in Acrocorinth,where he arrived after his defeat by Theodoros Kolokotronis in Dervenakia.

26 November 1823
Panos Kolokotronis,Dimitrios Tsokris and Nikitaras are sent to Argos to persecute the Peloponnesian notables.The latter flee to Kranidi,a coastal village opposite to Hydra,and form a new Administration joining forces with the notables of the islands.The political tension is bringing the notables and the revolution fighters into a civil conflict.

26 November 1850
Twelve deputies of the Ionian Islands with a declaration express the will of the population of Eptanisa for union with the Greek State.

26 November 1912
Greek Red shirt Corps volunteers -Garibaldini/ερυθροχίτωνες- led by Alexandros Romas capture Driskos Mountain in Ioannina after a fierce battle against the Turks.In the battle takes part the poet Laurentios (Lorentzos) Mavilis who on November 29 will be killed in action.

26 November 1943
ELAS guerilla infantry and cavalry forces repulse powerful German forces in the Neraida area and at the Neuropolis airport in Thessaly.The Germans are forced to withdraw towards Karditsa and Trikala after sustaining heavy casualties.

26 November 1943
German forces execute 118 Greek hostages at Monodendri in Laconia,Peloponnese.Among the hostages is the doctor N. Karvounis,whom the Germans propose to spare,as he had studied in Germany and he was university companion of a german officer.He rejects the proposal of the Germans and is executed with the other Greeks as he stands alone in front of the firing squad.

27 November 1868
The veteran fighter Dimitrios Petropoulakis,leader of a 1.000 man Maniot volunteer force,accompanied by his son Leonidas from Gytheon,lands in Mylopotamos in Crete in order to bolster the struggle in the island.

27 November 1895
The first clash between rebels of the Transitional Committee of Crete and a Turkish army force of 3.000 men under the command of Tayyar Pasha takes place in Vryses near Apokoronas.After a hard-fought battle that lasted the entire day the Turks are forced to retreat,leaving behind 200 men killed and wounded.

27 November 1919
A treaty ending the state of war between the Entente Allies and Bulgaria is signed in Neuilly,in France.This treaty defines the borders between Bulgaria and its neighbours,it redraws the border with Greece to favor the latter in the region of Paranesti in Drama and obliges Bulgaria to abandon claims on southern Thrace.The treaty also recognizes as valid,Allied decisions regarding the area that will follow (after the date of its signing).

TREATY OF NEUILLY (http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1918p/neuilly.html)

27 November 1977
The New Democracy party wins the elections with the percentage of 42%.Panhellenic Socialist Movement arrives second with 25% of the votes.Konstantinos Karamanlis continues to serve as Prime Minister until 1980.
http://www.karamanlis-foundation.gr/images/arxeio/a_22.jpg
Photo from an electoral campaign speech of Konstantinos Karamanlis in Thessaloniki,Macedonia,Greece on 1977.

28 November 1905
Since A. Romas proposed by the Prime Minister Dimitrios Rallis for the rank of the President of the Parliament,loses from the candidate,N. Mpoufidis,proposed by Georgios Theotokis,Rallis submits his resignation.Few days later G. Theotokis becomes Prime Minister.

28 November 1910
Overwhelming victory of the Liberal Party under Eleftherios Venizelos in the National elections.

28 November 1925
The pedagogues Alexandros Delmouzos and Dimitrios Glinos,both members of the Society for Education,supporters of the Demotic and the educational reforms are ceased by the Maraslios Pedagogic Academy accused to have followed materialistic and against the nation educational methods influenced by communism.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/civilization/e_02.jpg
Alexandros Delmouzos and Dimitris Glinos here in a photograph with Manolis Triantafyllidis in 1915.They were the founding members of the Society for Education,the most important among the organizations of the demoticists which was established in 1910.

28 November 1944
The Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity Georgios Papandreou asks the demobilization and the disarmament of all the resistance organisations up to December 10 with the purpose to replace them with a national army.

28 November 1947
Maria Farantouri,distinguished singer who has collaborated with prominent Greek music composers as Mikis Theodorakis and Manos Hadjidakis,is born in Athens.
http://www.kefalonia.net.gr/upload/el/photos/other/photo504-940.jpg
Mikis Theodorakis,Maria Farantouri and Pablo Neruda during the rehearsal of Canto General.
http://www.farantouri.gr/

28 November 1950
The Greek-Yugoslavian relations,that had been interrupted during the Greek Civil war,are restored

28 November 1977
Government under Konstantinos Karamanlis.Resignation May 10,1980.

29 November 1826
Charles Nicolas Fabvier,commanding 480 troops and after a fierce battle against Kutahi’s forces,is able to deliver a one-month supply of gunpowder to the defenders of the besieged Acropolis in Athens.He will remain in the Acroplolis until its capture by the Ottomans in May 1827.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/1821_1833/fb_15.jpg
Charles Fabvier (1782-1855).Athens,War Museum.

29 November 1851
Emmanouil Xanthos,born in Patmos island,dies in Athens. E. Xanthos,Nikolaos Skouphas and Athanasios Tsakaloph were the founders of the Philiki Etaireia in mid-September 1814 in Odessa,a society that was part of the wider national and revolutionary activity which was developed from the late 18th century,especially among the scholars and merchants of the Greek communities of the Diaspora.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/1821_1833/fa_01.jpg
Membership card of the Philiki Etaireia (Friendly Society).The letters HEA and HΘΣ which mean freedom and death are discernible.The card also bears the sacred bond with the 16 columns,the symbol of unity of the Philiki Etaireia.At the bottom is the text with the secret alphabet of the Philiki Etaireia.

29 November 1912
Captain Lorentzos Mavilis,a well-known poet,falls while fighting heroically against the Turks in Driskos,Ioannina.He was born in Ithaca on September 6,1860.Mavilis had fought as volunteer in the Cretan revolution on 1896.At the Greek-Turkish war of 1897 he made up a body of 70 volunteer men from Kerkyra (Corfu) island,which he armed and maintained at his own expenses.He participates to the First Balkan War with the Red shirt volunteer Corps as captain under Alexandros Romas.His last words are "Επερίμενα πολλές τιμές από τούτον τον πόλεμο,αλλά όχι και την τιμή να θυσιάσω τη ζωή μου για την Ελλάδα μου"-"I was expecting a lot of honours from this war,but not the honour to sacrifice my life for my Greece".

http://tovima.dolnet.gr/data/D2002/D1013/1neb57a.jpg
"Ελευθεριά, για σένα ζω,για σε μόνον παλεύω,
και αν εις τον κόσμο δε σε βρω
αλλού θα σε γυρεύω".
"Freedom, I live only for you,I fight only for you,
and if I won't find you in the world
elsewhere I will look for you".
Lorentzos Mavilis.

29 November 1912
An Evzone detachment and the Cretan Regiment liberate the village of Pesta in Epirus after a fierce battle and after that they make contact with the main Turkish line of defence in Bizani.

29 November 1967
After the incidents of November 15,the Pipinelis-Caglayangil agreement is signed according to which the progressive withdrawal of the Greek military personnel is decided,leaving Cyprus defenceless.

30 November 1822
The Palamidi Fortress is taken by Staikos Staikopoulos and his men,and few days later,on December 3rd,the city of Nafplio is handed by the Turks to Theodoros Kolokotronis.
http://img154.imageshack.us/img154/5999/nafpliopalamidi03jh2.jpg
The Palamidi Fortress.

30 November 1823
Andreas Louriotis departs for England in search of foreign loans.

30 November 1903
Grigorios Xenopoulos,novelist and play writer,publishes in "Panathinaia" his historical article "A poet" on K.P. Kavafis,with which he becomes acquaintance with the Greek public.

http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/civilization/eg_03.jpg
Grigorios Xenopoulos (1867-1951).

30 November 1904
The Macedonian Freedom Fighters force led by Second Lieutenant Georgios Katechakis (nom-de-guerre Rouvas) encounters successfully at Gyamise height,west of Antartiko village in Florina,seventy komitadjis led by Mitro Vlacho and Korsakov.

30 November 1925
With a personal order from the dictator general Theodoros Pangalos it is prohibited to women to wear in their public appearances skirts shorter than 30 cm above the ground.

30 November 1935
Government under Konstantinos Demertzis (until his death on April 13,1936).

30 November 1938
The Social Insurance Institute-ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΣΦΑΛΙΣΕΩΝ (IKA) announces that it will provide complete medical care to its insured.

30 November 1940
The Hellenic Army Infantry Division XIII liberates Pogradec.

30 November 1942
The Greek submarine "Papanikolis",under the command of Lieutenant Nikolaos Roussen,sinks an 8000-ton German freighter in the area of Dodecanese.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/dy/images/DY_FOTO/history/Y2.JPG
Papanikolis Y-2 (1927-1945).

30 November 1958
The study on the construction of the underground of Athens is submitted to the government.

1 December 1792
Alexandros Ypsilantis is born in Constantinople.
http://www.greece-athens.com/pages_images/193.jpg
Alexandros Ypsilantis (Constantinople 1792-Vienna 1828).

1 December 1818
The warlord Christos Anagnostaras initiates Theodoros Kolokotronis into Philiki Etaireia (Friendly Society).
http://homepage.mac.com/sanagnos/anagnostaras.jpg
C. Anagnostaras.
http://www.helleniccomserve.com/photo_1_042105.jpg
T. Kolokotronis.

1 December 1821
Ilias Mauromichalis,after being named commander in chief of Attica,reaches Athens with a Maniot force.
http://arcadia.ceid.upatras.gr/arkadia/photos/hist/mavromihalis_ilias.jpg
Ilias Mauromichalis.

1 December 1834
The capital of the Greek State is transported from Nafplio to Athens.

1 December 1912
The Hellenic Army captures Aetorrachi,near Ioannina.

1 December 1913
The Greek flag is raised by King Konstantinos and Eleftherios Venizelos on Phirka Fort in Chania,before a delirious crowd that is gathered in the port area.The union of Crete with Greece that formally took place by the treaties of London (17 May 1913) and Bucharest (28 July 1913) is officially sealed.
http://www.venizelos-foundation.gr/photos/011.jpg
Ceremony of Union of Crete with Greece, Chania 1st December 1913. Doxology at Phirka.

2 December 1822
Condemnation of the Greek Revolution at the Congress of Verona by the so-called Holy,Quintuple or European Alliance,which was composed of the Great Powers:Great Britain,Russia,Austria,Prussia and France.

2 December 1823
President Monroe of the United States,in a draft of a statement known as the Monroe Doctrine,recognizes that there had been created a sovereign Greek state and proposes to Congress that an American ambassador be sent to Greece.Even though the American Secretary of State deleted this section from the draft of that statement,this is the first favorable expression regarding the recognition of the Greek independence by one of the major powers.

2 December 1824
The so-called governmentals,under the the Administration of Kranidi,capture Tripolitsa.

2 December 1923
Maria Anna Sophia Cecilia Kalogeropoulos is born in New York.Her parents,George and Evangelia Kalogeropoulos had emigrated from Greece to Long Island, New York in August 1923.
http://img232.imageshack.us/img232/8590/callas57wp5.jpg
Maria Callas (http://www.callas.it/)(New York, 2 dicembre 1923 - Paris, 16 settembre 1977).

2 December 1941
The hunger in combination with the harsh meteorological conditions cause thousands of victims mainly among the urban population of the country.Up to mid-1942 the dead will reach the 200.000.

http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/occupation/gallery/ka_04.jpghttp://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/piges/gallery/pi_14b.jpg
Transport of dead from starvation.

http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/piges/gallery/pi_14a.jpg
Occupation,Athens.Passers-by help a man who had collapsed from starvation.

http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/occupation/gallery/ka_02.jpg
Man,exhausted from starvation,in a street of Athens.

http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/piges/gallery/pi_16.jpg
Queing for the soup kitchen...

2 December 1942
Collaborationist government under Axis occupation with Konstantinos Logothetopoulos as Prime Minister.Resignation April 7, 1943.

2 December 1944
The left-wing ministers resign from the government of National Unity under PM Georgios Papandreou.They are Alexandros Svolos,Nikolaos Askoutsis,Ilias Tsirimokos,Ioannis Sevgos,Miltiadis Porfyrogenis,Aggelos Aggelopoulos

http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/resistance/gallery/an_12.jpg
The government of National Unity under G. Papandreou.

http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/resistance/gallery/an_08.jpg
In the photo from left to right:Aggelos Aggelopoulos (3rd),Alexandros Svolos (7th),Ilias Tsirimokos (10th) and Nikos Askoutsis(11th).

3 December 1821
The Revolutionaries fail to capture the fortress of Nafplio.

3 December 1822
The city of Nafplio is handed over to Theodoros Kolokotronis.

3 December 1826
The frigate "Hellas" built by New York naval contractors arrives to Aegina island with Hamilton.

3 December 1912
The battle of Elli,from the name of the cape in the entry of Dardanelles-Hellispondos.
Rear Admiral Kountouriotis orders the Hellenic fleet to sail towards the Ottoman fleet that had made its appearance at the exit of the Dardanelles.Kountouriotis dispatches his famous signal to the Greek ships which were led by “G. Averoff”. "With the help of God and the wishes of our King and in the name of justice, I sail with unstoppable impulce towards the victory against the enemy of the Nation." - "Με την βοήθειαν του Θεού, τας ευχάς του Βασιλέως και εν ονόματι του δικαίου, πλέω μεθ' ορμής ακαθέκτου και με την πεποίθηση της νίκης,προς συνάντησιν του εχθρού του Γένους."
The successful result of the battle of Elli along with the battle of Limnos (January 5, 1913) that followed,discouraged the Sultan and the Sublime Porte's expectations of controlling the Aegean Sea.The Ottoman Fleet would never attempt another exit to the Aegean Sea.

http://www.e-telescope.gr/images/support/05/Averof/GR_BB_Averof_02.jpg
Battleship "Georgios Averoff".

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/08/Kountouriotis.jpg
Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis.

3 December1912
The conference for the peace in the Balkans begin in London.

3 December 1922
In many Cypriot cities rallies take place with main demand the union of Cyprus with Greece.

3 December 1940
The Hellenic Army liberates Premeti,Northern Epirus.

3 December 1944
Despite the prohibition by the government under PM G. Papandreou,the rally organised by the Left in Syntagma Square,in the center of Athens,takes place.Sharpshooters of unknown identity open fire,leaving dead and many wounded.The demonstration ends in clashes among civilians and the police.It's the beginning of the December fighting - "Dekemvriana" that will last 33 days.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/14/images/1940_1945/piges/gallery/pi_30.jpg
Demonstration in Athens.

3 December 1946
The Hellenic government charges in the Security Council of the UN, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania for border violations of the northern Greek frontiers and disturbances in the Greek territory.

3 December 1963
Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou announces the intention of his government to proceed to the distribution of free books in the elementary and high school students.

3 December 1967
The last units of the Greek division,present in Cyprus,abandon the island in application of the Pipinelis-Caglayangil agreement.

4 December 1897
It is signed in Constantinople the final text of the treaty with which the war of 1897 between Greece and Turkey is terminated.Greece is compelled to give a compensation of 4.000.000 golden Turkish pounds to the Ottoman Empire.The Great Powers grant in Greece, with the form of a loan, this particular sum and in order to ensure it they impose to the country an international economic control.Greece also vacates a region of 360 square kilometres that is found between Olympus and the Kamvounia mountains which is devolved to the Ottoman Empire.

4 December 1913
The Florence Protocol - The cession of Northern Epirus to Albania.
The International Committee for the adjustment of the Greek-Albanian border submits the decisions it has taken to the Ambassadorial Conference held in London.These are embodied in a document known as the “Florence Protocol�, which forms the basis for ceding Northern Epirus to Albania.After a strong protest and other reactions by the Greek government,the ambassadors of the Great Powers meeting in London hand to the Greek government a note by which they inform it that the decision for the final cession of the Aegean islands to Greece will depend on Greece’s full acceptance of the terms of the Florence Protocol.

4 December 1926
After the collapse of the dictatorship under general Theodoros Pangalos and the conduct of national elections on November 7, 1926 an ecumenical government under PM Alexandros Zaimis is formed.Resignation on August 17, 1927.

4 December 1944
The clash in Athens,result of the escalating aggravation in the relations of the Papandreou government and the British on the one hand and ELAS and the communist leadership on the other,is a reality.The military law is declared in order to control the communist mutiny and the forces of ELAS that seek to get imposed on the region of the capital.
http://www.fhw.gr/projects/cooperations/f_policy36_45/images/large/623.gif
British soldiers are arresting members of ELAS,during the civil strife in Athens.

4 December 1950
The Greek Air Transport Flight of EKSE undertakes its first military missions while based in Hungnam airport in Korea.The Flight’s missions consists of the transportation of wounded from the battlefield.The unit will receive a US presidential citation for its contribution.

4 December 1991
The Greek Council of Ministers deals with the issue of the so called "Republic of Macedonia" in view of the European Council of Foreign Ministers in Brussels and concludes on the following three terms:
1.The new state must change the name "Macedonia’".
2.It must declare that it has no aspirations nor claims against Greece.
3.It must acknowledge that there exists no so called "Macedonian" minority in Greece.

5 December 1827
Admiral Kanaris fails to destroy the turkish ships in the gulf of Cesme.

5 December 1828
Livadeia is occupied by Greek forces under Dimitrios Ypsilantis after the capitulation of its garrison.According to its terms, 1.000 infantry and cavalry of the city’s Turk-Albanian garrison depart towards Lamia and Euboea under an escort led by D. Eumorphopoulos.

5 December 1912
Volunteer forces consisting of Epirotans and 200 Cretans commanded by Gendarmerie Major Spyros Spyromelios land in Cheimarra.After a brief battle they take the Turkish garrison prisoner and liberate the city.

5December 1912
Division VI ousts the Turks and enters Arnissa in Edessa after a two-day battle.

5 December 1914
Britain declares the Anglo-Turkish treaty of 1878 null and void declaring in the same time the annexation of Cyprus in the form of a royal dominion.

5 December 1940
Colonel Mardochaeos Frizis is the first Greek Staff Officer (or Superior Officer in the Greek military terminology) killed in WWII in the batlle of Vistrica.
http://img216.imageshack.us/img216/9610/frizisge5.jpg
Colonel Mardochaeos Frizis.

5 December 1969
A pacemaker is implanted for the first time in a heart patient in Greece.

5 December 1977
Important interventions in the archaeological site of Acropolis are decided aiming to the rescue of the monument from the atmospheric pollution.

5 December 1981
Adultery is decriminalized. Article 357 of the Penal Code that called for imprisonment as a penalty for adultery is revoked.

6 December 345 or 352
Death of Agios Nikolaos,patron saint of sailors and of the Hellenic Navy.

http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/index_en.asp

http://www.ec-patr.org/eikones/saints/img/m_nicolas0.jpg
Ο Αγιος Νικολαος-Saint Nicholas.

6 December 1821
The Revolutionaries are defeated by the turkish forces near the village Stavros in Crete.Death of the Revolution leader Georgios Daskalakis or Tselepis, grandson of Daskaloyannis.
http://stigmes.gr/br/images/DASKALOGIANNIS.jpg
Ioannis Daskalakis or Daskaloyannis.

6 Decemnber 1876
Heinrich Schliemann begins a complete archaeologocal excavation at Mycenae bringing to light the "Grave Circle A".Earlier in 1841, K. Pittakis had cleared the "Lion Gate".
http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21104a/00/lk04a016.jpg
Grave Circle A.
http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21104a/00/lk04a013.jpg
The Lion Gate.

6 December 1915
Elections take place without the participation of the Liberal Party,the party of Eleftherios Venizelos.Venizelos denounces the electoral result as spurious.

6 December 1920
King Konstantinos after the referendum results returns in Greece.

6 December 1925
The request for the 13th wage in view of the Christmas feasts is formulated by the trade-union organisations of the public employees .

6 December 1940
Army Corps A of the Hellenic Army liberates Agioi Saranta in Northern Epirus.

6 December 1944
The epic battle of the Makriyannis Camp, 6-18 December, 1944 begins.
The Communists with two regiments try to take by assault the Gendarmerie HQ-Makriyannis Camp, controlled by the Greek III RIMINI Brigade, to force the government leave the city of Athens in order to establish a new Communist regime. The HQ was guarded by the men of the 1st Gendarmerie Rgt (1,100 men in 1944).700 of those, had been ordered to spread inside the city, to guard government and other public buildings. On December 5 , the Gendarmerie contingent, consisted of 88 Officers and 429 Gendarmes, under Col. Georgios Samuil.

http://img503.imageshack.us/img503/833/photo7zm.jpg
Army and Gendarmerie Officers a few days before the Makriyannis battle. Colonel Samuil is the fourth officer from the left,front row.

http://www.geocities.com/nikoschem/makrygianni/ditiki.jpg
The eastern wall of the Gendarmerie HQ.The building looks untouched but this is not the case.The roof collapsed after a mortar hit during the fierce fightings.

7 December 1821
Dimitrios Ypsilantis is elected President of the Peloponnesian Senate in Argos.

7 December 1826
Karaiskakis,at the head of a force consisting of the cavalry of Chatzimichalis and other warlords,routs the Turks near Tourkochori in Livadeia.Turkish losses include one hundred killed and four hundred pack animals loaded with provisions captured.

7 December 1912
A detachment of Division III of the Hellenic Army liberates Korytsa.

7 December 1927
The government announces for the first time for Greece that measures will be taken against communist activities.

7 December 1940
The Hellenic Army liberates Delvino.

7 December 1967
Ecumenical Patriarch Athinagoras and Pope Paul VI having agreed to a revocation of the mutual excommunication decrees of 1054 celebrate the historic event of the joint Catholic-Orthodox declaration with simultaneous services in Rome and Constantinople.

8 December 1827
The ambassadors of the Great Powers abandon Constantinople.

8 December 1837
King Othon undertakes the presidency of the ministerial council.

8 December 1868
The Maniot force under Dimitrios Petropoulakis is encircled by strong forces of the Turkish army under Mehmet Pasha in Vryses,Chania region,Crete, and is destroyed.

8 December 1940
The Hellenic Army Infantry Division IV liberates Argyrokastro in Northern Epirus.

http://www.cslab.ntua.gr/~phib/hellas/1940/newspapers-victories.gif
The accomplishments of the Hellenic Army in the front pages of contemporary newspapers.

8 December 1943
A German force enters the monastery of the Mega Spelaion in Kalavryta and executes both monks and pilgrims present there.

8 December 1966
At 2:30 am the ferry "Heraklion" sinks in 13 minutes off the Aegean island of Falkonera killing 217 passengers.

8 December 1974
In a democratic referendum held, 69.2% of the Greek people confirm the abolition of monarchy.

9 December 638
Death of Sergios I, Patriarch of Constantinople from 610 to 638.

9 December 1831
Conflicts in Argos between the "governmentals" and the "constitutionals".

9 December 1859
Georgios Drosinis, writer, poet and ordinary members of the Academy of Athens is born in Plaka, Athens.
http://wiki.phantis.com/images/0/00/Palamas-Drosinis.jpg
Georgios Drosinis (1859-1951),here with Kostis Palamas.

http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/civilization/eg_05.jpg
Georgios Roillos, The poets, p. 1919.Oil on canvas 130x170 cm.
The painting depicts some of the most important poets of the generation of 1880, representatives of the New Athenian School. On the right A. Proveleggios is reading one of his poems while from left to right are G. Stratigis, G. Drosinis, I. Polemis, K. Palamas and G. Souris.

9 December 1883
Alexandros Papagos, Prime Minister of Greece and the only Field Marshall in the Greek military history is born in Athens.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ee/Alexander_Papagos_on_cover_time_magazine.jpg
The cover of Time Magazine December 16, 1940 features Alexandros Papagos.

9 December 1898
Prince Georgios of Greece disembarks in Souda after being appointed High Commissioner of Crete.Thenceforth Crete becomes an Autonomous Principality under prince Georgios,subjected to the Sultan.
http://www.venizelos-foundation.gr/photos/122.jpg
Prince Georgios, High Commissioner of Crete.

9 December 1912
The submarine Delphin the first submarine of the Hellenic Navy,under the command of Lieutenant Stephanos Paparrigopoulos,effects an unsuccessful torpedo attack against the Turkish battleship Medjidieh.This is the first recorded torpedo attack during wartime operations by a submarine in the naval history of the world.

http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/dy/images/DY_FOTO/history/DELFIN_a.jpg
Submarine Delphin

9 December 1929
Pavlos Kountouriotis for serious health reasons resigns the post of President of Greece.

9 December 1950
The EKSE (Ekstratephtikό Sόma Ellados-Greek Expeditionary Force) Headquarters and Battalion arrive in Pusan,South Korea on the US troop ship General Han, after a twenty four day sea voyage from Greece.

9 December 1963
Konstantinos Karamanlis resigns from the leadership of his party, National Radical Union (ERE-Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Ένωσις), and leaves for an 11 year self-imposed exile to Paris, France.

10 December 536
The Byzantine general Belissarius, in the frame of Emperor's Iustinianos effort to restore the Western Roman Empire, enters Rome and successfully holds it in a year-long siege by the Ostrogoths led by their King Vitiges.

10 December 969
Nikephoros II Phokas,Emperor of Byzantium,is assassinated.
http://img217.imageshack.us/img217/5336/nikiphorphokasdi3.jpg

10 December 1041
Death of the Byzantine Emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian.

10 December 1832
The island of Samos is granted autonomous status within the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Mahmud II, guaranteed by the three protecting powers England, France and Russia.The island governor,a Greek christian,is to be appointed by the High Porte.

10 December 1862
The first meeting of the assembly that resulted from the recent elections of November 24-28, takes place.

10 December 1893
Prime Minister Charilaos Trikoupis addresses the parliament in these words: "Unfortunately we have gone bankrupt!"-"Δυστυχώς επτωχεύσαμεν".The policy which led to the increase of the public deficit and the incapability of settlement of the foreign loans,have driven the country to bankruptcy.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/economy/dg_09.jpghttp://img240.imageshack.us/img240/6625/cap112dq6.jpg
Contemporary caricatures.Trikoupis and Deligiannis are pictured.

10 December 1957
The General Assembly of the UN pronounces in favour of the self-determination of Cyprus.

10 December 1963
Giorgos Seferis ,pen-name of Giorgos Seferiadis,(Smyrna 1900 –Athens 1971) receives the Nobel Prize for Literature.In his award speech the poet says:

"I belong to a small country.A rocky promontory in the Mediterranean,it has nothing to distinguish it but the efforts of its people, the sea, and the light of the sun.It is a small country,but its tradition is immense and has been handed down through the centuries without interruption.The Greek language has never ceased to be spoken.It has undergone the changes that all living things experience,but there has never been a gap.This tradition is characterized by love of the human; justice is its norm."
Part of Giorgos Seferis' speech at the Nobel Banquet at the City Hall in Stockholm, December 10, 1963.

http://ta-nea.dolnet.gr/data/D1999/D1011/1kn24c.jpg
Giorgos Seferis during the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony.

10 December 1944
The main Communist assault on the Gendarmerie HQ-Makriyannis Camp, commences.
http://www.geocities.com/nikoschem/makrygianni/pinakas_small.jpg

10 December 1991
The Treaty on European Union (TEU) is signed in Maastricht,Holland.It represents a new stage in European integration opening the way to political integration.The Treaty on European Union creates a European Union consisting of three pillars:the European Communities, Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP),and police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters (JHA).The Treaty introduces the concept of European citizenship,reinforces the powers of the European Parliament and launches economic and monetary union (EMU).Besides,the European Economic Community (EEC) becomes the European Community (EC).In the same day Greece becomes complete member of the Western European Union.

11 December 711
Death of Ioustinianos II.Philippikos Bardanis becomes Emperor of Byzantium until June 3,713.

11 December 969
John I Tzimiskis ascends to the Byzantine throne.

11 December 1282
Death of byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

11 December 1905
The Greek force led by Second Lieutenant Stavros Rigas and Second Lieutenant Georgios Tompras,that is stationed in the Giannitsa lake,attacks a Bulgarian band inside the village of Archontikò.Even though the battle that follows is difficult on account of the intervention of the Turkish forces,the Greek guerrillas are able to break through the encirclement and escape.

11 December 1922
Grigoris Mpithikotsis,distinguished singer often called as the Sir of the greek music, is born in Athens.
http://tovima.dolnet.gr/data/D2002/D1103/1abc11b.jpg
Grigoris Mpithikotsis (1922-2005)

11 December 1942
The U.S. secretary of state and the British foreign minister officially declare that they recognize the restoration of Albania’s liberty and independence, including Northern Epirus in its territory.After a note submitted by the Greek government,the British foreign minister issues a clarifying declaration stating that the issue of the demarcation of the Albanian border with Greece remains unresolved and will be discussed in a peace conference after the end of the war.

11 December 1971
It is announced that broadcast television will cover as of 1972 the entire Greek territory.

11 December 1999
An European Council is held in Helsinki, Finland.It decides to open accession negotiations with Romania, Slovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria and Malta and to recognise Turkey as an applicant country.The Cypriot question is disconnected from the integration of Cyprus in the EU,the democratisation of Turkey is requested and it is also mentioned that any differences between Turkey and Greece should be resolved in the International Court of The Hague.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/15/images/big/f_06.jpg
Photo in the memory of the occasion of the European Union summit meeting in Helsinki, on December 11, 1999.

12 December 627
The Byzantine emperor Heraclius crushes the Persian army led by Chosroes at Nineveh in Mesopotamia.

12 December 1803
The holocaust at Koughi.The monk Samuel and five Souliots,rather than be captured by a Turkish force,fire the powder magazine and blow themselves up together with many of the enemy.

-Καλόγερε, τι καρτερείς κλεισμένος μες στο Κούγκι;
Πέντε νομάτοι σόμειναν - κ' εκείνοι λαβωμένοι!
Κ'είναι χιλιάδες οι εχθροί που σ' έχουνε ζωσμένον!
Έλα να δώσης τα κλειδιά, πέσε να προσκυνήσης,
κι αφέντης ο Βελήπασας δεσπότη θα σε κάμη!
Έτζι ψηλά από το βουνό φωνάζει ο Πήλιο Γκούσης…
Κλεισμένος μες στην εκκλησά βρίσκετ' ο Σαμουήλης,
κι αγέρας παίρνει τη φωνή του Πήλιου του προδότη.
Χωρίς ψαλμούς καί θυμιατά, χωρίς φωτοχυσία,
γονατισμένοι, σκυθρωποί, μπρος στην Ωραία Πύλη,
πέντε Σουλιώτες στέκονται με το κεφάλι κάτου.
Βουβοί - δέν ανασαίνουνε. και βλέπεις κάπου-κάπου
όπου ένα χέρι σκώνεται και κάνει το σταυρό του.
Ακίνητα στο μάρμαρο σέρνονται τα σπαθιά τους -
σπαθιά που τόσο εδούλεψαν γιά το γλυκό τους Σούλι!
Δε φαίνετ'ο καλόγερος. μόνος του στ' άγιο Βήμα
προσεύχετο κ'ετοίμαζε τη μυστική θυσία.
...
Ανοίγ' ή Πύλη του Ιερού, σκύφτουν τα παλληκάρια.
τ' ανδρειωμένα μέτωπα το μάρμαρο χτυπάνε,
και καρτερούν ακίνητα του γέροντα τα λόγια.
Επρόβαλ' ο καλόγερος. Το πρόσωπό του φέγγει
σα χιονισμένη κορυφή στου φεγγαριού τη λάμψη.
Στα λαβωμένα χέρια του βαστούσ' ένα βαρέλι
πόκλειε μέσα θάνατο, φωτιά κι απελπισία.
Εκείνο μόνο τόμεινε..- εκείνο μόνο φθάνει !
Εμπρός στην Πύλη του Ιερού μονάχος του το στένει
και τρεις φορές το βλόγησε και τρεις φορές το φχέται.
Σάν νάταν Άγια Τράπεζα, σαν νάταν Αρτοφόρι
επίθωσ' ο καλόγηρος επάνω το ποτήρι,
και σιωπηλός κι ατάραχος άναψε θειαφοκέρι...
...
Εδώ ποδάρι άπιστο
ποτέ δε θα τολμήση
(ποτέ ! το είπα, τ' ώρκισα )
το Κούγκι να πατήση.
Μαζί μου παίρνω τα κλειδιά,
Πλάστη μου, δεν τ' αφήνω -
ούτε σ' εσέ τα δίνω !
Εκεί ψηλά στον ουρανό
να τα φορή στη μέση
ο Σαμουήλ ο δούλος σου
θα σε παρακαλέση...
Πατέρα μου, μη πειραχθής -
κάμε μου αυτή τη χάρη:
άλλος να μη τα πάρη!
...
Σταλαματιά-σταλαματιά τα δάκρυά τους πέφτουν
κ' η πλάκα που τα δέχεται ραγίζεται και τρίζει.
Παράπονο τους έπιασεν, όχι θανάτου φόβος,
και κλαίοντας ο Σαμουήλ, εις τόνα του το χέρι
το ιερό ποτήρι του και στ' άλλο τη λαβίδα,
αρχίνησε την κοινωνιά του Πλάστη να μεράζη...
Ο πρώτος εμετάλαβε - μεταλαβαίνει κι άλλος,
την έδωσε στον τρίτονε - κι ο τέταρτος την παίρνει,
και φθάνει ως τον ύστερο και τού τηνε προσφέρει.
Κ' εκεί πού έψαλλ' ο παπάς μέ τή γλυκειά φωνή του
του δείπνου σου του μυστικού / σήμερον Υιέ Θεού,..
φωνές ακούονται, χτυπιές, αλαλαγμός, αντάρα.
Πλακώσανε οι άπιστοι..- καλόγερε, τι κάνεις;..
Εσήκωσε τα μάτια του ο Σαμουήλ στον κρότο -
και στάζ' απ'τή λαβίδα του επάνω στο βαρέλι
μια φλογερή σταλαματιά απ' του Θεού το γαίμα...
Αστροπελέκια επέσανε, βροντάει ο κόσμος όλος -
λάμπει στα γνέφ' η εκκλησιά, λάμπει το μαύρο Κούγκι!
Τι φοβερή κεροδοσά πόλαβε στη θανή του
το Σούλι το κακότυχο, και τι καπνό λιβάνι!..
Ανέβαινε στον ουρανό και του παπά το ράσο
κι απλώθηκε κι απλώθηκε σαν τρομερή μαυρίλα,
σα σύγνεφο κατάμαυρο κ' εθόλωσε τον ήλιο.
Κ' ενώ τ' ανέβαζ' ο καπνός, κ' ενώ το συνεπαίρνη,
το ράσο πάντ' αρμένιζε κ' εδιάβαινε σά Χάρος.
κ' εκείθεν οπού διάβηκε ο φλογερός του ίσκιος,
σαν νάταν μυστική φωτιά ερρόγισε το λόγγο.
Και με τες πρώτες αστραπές και με τα πρωτοβρόχια
χλωρό χορτάρι φύτρωσε, δάφνες, έλιές, μυρτούλες,
ελπίδες, νίκες και σφαγές - χαρές κ' ελευθερία.

Extract of Aristotelis Valaoritis poem "Ο Σαμουήλ" dedicated to monk Samouel.


12 December 1820
The Souliots return to their ancestral lands after a treaty with Ali Pasha and take part in his war against the Sultan.

12 December 1849
Government under Prime Minister Antonios Kriezis,one of the distinguished figures of the Revolution of 1821.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kriezis.jpg/180px-Kriezis.jpg
Antonios Kriezis (1796-1865).

12 December 1878
The official proclamation of the Governor-General of Crete with which general amnesty is granted to the revolutionaries.The proclamation is bi-lingual (Greek-Turkish), an evidence of the use of both languages by the administration.Chania, December 12, 1878.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/foreign_policy/bx_04.jpg

12 December 1916
The "anathema" of E. Venizelos in the frame of the events having to do with the National Schism.Thousands of anti-venizelist Athenians,responding to the call of the Archbishop of Athens Theocletos I are assembled in Areos Square in order to throw "the stone of anathema" to E. Venizelos.For this action of Theocletos the Archbishop Christodoulos,will apologize publicly in April 2000.
http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/13/images/gallery/domestic_policy/al_03.jpg
The "anathema" of E. Venizelos.

12 December 1922
General Theodoros Pangalos undertakes the administration of the army in Macedonia and Thrace and together the difficult work of its reorganization,as an attack in the regions from foreign countries (mainly Turkey and Bulgaria) is feared to be imminent.

12 December 1955
The Battle of Spilia is fought in the EOKA struggle against the British in Cyprus.

12 December 1968
The Association Agreement between Greece and the EEC, signed in June 1961 which constituted the first step towards Greece's integration into the European Community, “frozes� as the dictatorial government of
Greece ,established on April 1967,withdraws from the european council before being expelled.The Association Agreement will be re-activated after democracy is restored ,on July 1974.

13 December 1979
Rigas Velestinlis-Pheraios is arrested at Trieste by the Austrian authorities,allies of the Ottoman Turks.He will be handed over to the Ottoman Turkish governor at Belgrade where he will be imprisoned and tortured.In the same time the circulation of the Greek-language newspaper "Ephimeris",pubblished in Vienna and edited by Rigas Pheraios,is interrupted.
http://www.parliament.gr/collection/collection/images/MitarasDimitris1.jpg
Rigas Pheraios by Dimitris Mitaras.

"Καλλιώναι μίας ώρας ελεύθερη ζωή παρά σαράντα χρόνια σκλαβιά και φυλακή".-"It's better to have an hour as a free man than forty years as a slave."

13 December 1943
The Kalavryta tragedy.German troops execute 848 inhabitants of Kalavryta, and approximately 200 inhabitants of the surrounding villages,many of which they put to the torch.The Holocaust of Kalavryta represents one of the most important sacrifices made by Greece on the altar of liberty during the period of German occupation.
http://www.nea.gr/tour/Images/Istoria/irookalavrita1.jpg
The Place of the Sacrifice,place of the execution.

13 December 1959
In the Presidential elections Archbishop Makarios is elected first President of the Republic of Cyprus,receiving 66.29% of the votes against 32.92% of Ioannis Clerides.

13 December 1967
King's Konstantinos attempted counter-coup against the Junta fails.The King with the royl family abandon Greece.Dictatorial government under PM Georgios Papadopoulos.Resignation on October 8, 1973.

13 December 2002
The Copenhagen European Council taking place in Denmark,agrees that 10 of the candidate countries (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) can join the EU on 1 May 2004.Bulgaria and Romania are expected to join in 2007.
It is decided that talks with Turkey can begin if, on the basis of a report and a recommendation from the Commission, the European Council in December 2004 decides that Turkey meets all the ‘Copenhagen criteria’.

14 December 1901
Pavlos,King of the Hellenes is born in Athens.He serves as King of Greece from 1947 to 1964.

14 December 1929
Alexandros Zaimis is elected President of Greece.

14 December 1942
The destroyer QUEEN OLGA in cooperation with the British destroyer HMS PETARD sinks near Bengazi the Italian submarine VARSCIEK.
http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/images/oldShips/B.Olga_D-15_1.jpg
Queen Olga D-15 (1938-1943).

14 December 1943
After the destruction of Kalavryta the Germans return to the monastery of Mega Spelaion, which they loot and then put to the torch.

14 December 1959
Official visit of the President of the US Dwight D. Eisenhower in Greece.He meets with King Pavlos,Prime Minister Karamanlis and addresses the Hellenic Parliament.

http://www.karamanlis-foundation.gr/images/arxeio/c11.jpg
President Dwight D. Eisenhower with PM Konstantinos Karamanlis during his visit.

15 December 1025
Death of the Byzantine emperor Basil II, known as "the Bulgar-slayer",member of the Macedonian dynasty.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Basil_II.jpg
Basileios II Voulgaroktonos (958–1025).

15 December 1806
The new Constitution of the Ionian State is voted.

15 December 1827
The steam-powered warship "Karteria", commanded by the British Philhellene Frank Abney Hastings, lands fighters on the Vasiladi island in the Messologhi lagoon, capturing it and neutralizing the Turkish garrison there.

15 December 1828
-The British Philhellene General Richard Church, after significant successes in west Central Greece, captures Vonitsa and forces the Turks to confine themselves inside its fort.

-Courts of various rungs are founded by the governor Ioannis Kapodistrias.

15 December 1920
Britain and France announce to the Greek government that,after the return of King Konstantinos I in Greece, they are free from any obligations towards Greece and therefore no longer responsible for the presence of the Greek army in Asia Minor.

15 December 1933
Akis Panou,distinguished songwriter,is born in Kallithea.
http://ta-nea.dolnet.gr/data/D2000/D0410/1pa1a.jpg
Akis Panou (15/12/1933-7/4/2000).

15 December 1955
The battle of Soloi is fought during the EOKA struggle against the British in Cyprus.Charalambos Mouskos,Cypriot freedom fighter,is killed.

15 December 1978
The International Court of Justice at The Hague declares itself to be without authority to act on the matter of the Aegean continental shelf.

15 December 1981
The PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) leader Yasser Arafat visits Athens on an invitation by Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou.

15 December 1984
The drachma is included in the system of ECU, which does not have a material substance but plays the role of a reserve fund of currency and an accountant unit for the accounts of the European Economic Community.The equivalence is shaped as follows:1 ECU = 91,043 drachmas.

14 January 1822
Kamil Bey,commander of Corinth,and the remaining Turks are forced to surrender the fortress of Acrocorinth to the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis and Dimitrios Ypsilantis.

14 January 1878
The Cretans raise the revolutionary flag in the village of Servili of Alikianos in Chania,demanding the union of their island with Greece.

14 January 1915
Ioannis Metaxas in his memorandum to Eleftherios Venizelos presents powerful reservations with regard to a potential expedition in the Asia Minor ground.

14 January 1941
The boxer Anton Christoforidis becomes the world's lightheavyweight champion.
http://wiki.phantis.com/images/3/33/Anton-christoforidis.jpg

14 January 1943
Major Ioannis Tsigantes,leader of the resistance organization MIDAS 614,is killed by the Italians in Athens,after the discovery of his hiding place.In the same time his brother Colonel Christodoulos Tsigantes is the head of the Sacred Company-Ιερός Λόχος, that fights at the side of the Allies in the Middle East.

http://ta-nea.dolnet.gr/data/D1998/D0331/3kn18a.jpg
Major Ioannis Tsigantes.

http://www.army.gr/html/GR_Army/dieuthinseis/DED/images/history/histor110.jpg
Colonel Christodoulos Tsigantes.

14 January 1949
Departments of the "Democratic Army of Greece"(DSE) enter the city of Naousa.

14 January 1950
Nikolaos Plastiras in cooperation with Emmanouil Tsouderos found the National Progressive Centre Union-EPEK (Εθνική Προοδευτική Ένωση Κέντρου-EΠEK) party.

14 January 1967
The government of Ioannis Paraskevopoulos takes the vote of confidence from the Parliament.

15 January 532
The general Belisarius with the help of the magister militum Mundus suppresses the Nika Riots (Στάση του Νίκα) that nearly resulted in the overthrow of Emperor Justinian.The suppression of the riot had as a result the death of more than 30.000 individuals in the Hippodrome of Constantinople.

15 January 1820
Ioannis Kapodistrias estimating that he will offer more to the Greek cause as Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire does not accept the proposal of Emmanuel Xanthos,member of the PhilikÃ* EtaireÃ*a (Friendly Society), to take over the leadership of the society.He reasons that this would not be in the interest of the Greeks on account of unlikely Russian involvement and the negative reaction of the Western powers.

15 January 1822
Alexandros Mavrokordatos is elected President of the Executive Body by the National Assembly.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/12/images/gallery/1821_1833/fc_04.jpg
Alexandros Mavrokordatos (1791-1865).

15 January 1823
Georgios Karaiskakis attacks the Turk-Albanians in the region of Sovolakos in Evrytania.After the victorious battle of Ai-Vlassis,the Turk-Albanians turn to flight towards Vrachori (Arginion) abandoning 200 killed and much booty.

15 January 1826
The besieged garrison of Messolonghi proudly rejects the Ibrahim’s proposal to surrender,which is delivered by the master of the British corvette Rosa.

15 January 1854
The notables and people of subjugated Epirus rebell against the Sultan and by declaration proclaim this event to all of the other Greeks.At the same time revolutionary units clash with Turk-Albanians in Radovizi in Arta,forcing the latter to withdraw,abandoning eighty-three killed.

15 January 1906
Aristotelis Onassis,one of the biggest and most well-known independent ship owners in the world,is born in Smyrna.
http://biografie.leonardo.it/img/bio/a/Aristotele_Onassis.jpg
Aristotelis Onassis (15/1/1906-15/3/1975).

15 January 1922
France supplies the Kemalist army with weapons and ammunitions against the Greek one during the Asia Minor events.

15 January 1942
The London Agreement between Greece and Yugoslavia.The “Balkan Union Greek-Yugoslav Agreement� is signed in London with the objective of securing independence for and peace between Balkan states on the principle of “the Balkans for the Balkan people�.The British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden is present during the proceedings.

15 January 1950
In Cyprus a referendum is organised as to the future status of the island. 215.108 of the 224.747 participants vote for Enosis/Union with Greece.

15 January 1996
Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou resigns for health reasons.