Vlachs and their language!!!

[Ptolemy]

Antonis Bousboukis made the main title and work and it was taken from his book with the same title as above, while the rest of words come from the book by Achilleas Lazarou. 22 of these words in his book are noted as Ancient Hellenic Words of the Vlachian language by PASCU G. and 14 more as such by Lazarou himself.


The translation is from LYNGOS, apologies for any mistakes, this is an
amateur's work.

Hellenic Vlach Language.................Romanian Vlach Language
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Latin..................2,605 (39,1%).................3,562 (53,5%)
Greek.................3,460 (52%).......................685 (8%)
Slav..................185 (0,26%).................1165 (17,5%)
Albanian.............150 (0.022).......................66 (0,099%)
Turkish.............--0--. ..................................295 (0.044%)
Magyar............--0--.......................................87
French.............--0--.....................................192
Uknown............257............................. .........605
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Total..............6657........................... ........6657


The word VLACH in its earliest Medieval-Byzantine significance was indicating the sheep-herders, and later the populations of various professions, religions, etc.etc.

In the Hellenic Vlachian language they do exist plenty Ancient Hellenic Words, that given the limited vocabulary of those times, and the significance of these words, one can accept it as a proof that the previous language of the Hellenic Vlachs, was the Ancient Hellenic-Makedonian language.

These words have to be original of the sheperds of the Pindus Mountains because never in History has been registered a descent of other populations speaking the Ancient Hellenic Idiom, capable to instruct those words to the Vlachian populations of the Pindus Range.

That means that the existence of those words is internal, and organic, and not a result of borrowing from other languages. There are plenty linguistic elements, even more Grammar and Syntax that justified the characterization of the Hellenic Vlachian language as a HELLENIC rather than LATIN language.

This would be the theme of my next posting.

After the testimonies by LYDOS, PRISKOS, PORFYROGENNHTOS,THEOFYLAKTOS,THEOFANIS,JUSTINIAN and POULIANOS, just to mention few, testimonies and views that LYNGOS already posted on different occassions, there are NOT anymore objections regarding the hellenism of the Hellenian Vlachs and their direct connection with the Ancient Populations of the Pindus Range and that with the Makedonians.

And if there are still remaining few, thet do not believe in the AUTOCHTHONOUS-HELLENIC-ORIGINS of the Hellenian Vlachs, than someone better explain HOW, WHEN, WHERE and from WHOM the Hellenic Vlachs learned their PROTO-ANCIENT-HELLENIC words still in use by them today.

The following words are Ancient PRE-HOMERIAN words, COMMON in Homer AND the Latin-Makedonian language.

The author consider them as such and NOT as words that originated from the Common-Hellenic language or the Greek-Roman one. This language was the one used by the Makedonians according to STRABO all the way to KERKYRA, and not the common-Greek language . Is the same language for which TITUS LIVIUS is tellig us that the language of the Makedonians the Aitolians and the Akarnanians was the same, while THUKIDEDES is telling us that these people didn't have any idea about the.............language.

Obviously the Idiom of the Common Greek Language of ATTIKA had very little to do with the Ancient Doric-Makedonian language of the sheperds of the Pindus Range.

With the term Latin-Makedonian language the author is naming the Hellenic Vlachian Language. There are many annotations for each word, but given the time and effort that such work will take, I don't feel posting more than the minimum neccessary.

And here they are, the letter --B-- on this post represents the true --B-- sound of the English language, I'll give you farther explanations for other letters, plus for few of them I couldn't find a translation and I didn't have too much time to look for one, so I am going to put a question mark and on a later date I'll fill it. The first word in the LATINO-MAKEDONIAN or for the better the VLACHIAN one, the rest are synonymous words found in otheR works including HOMER.

[Ptolemy]

1. AGNOSSOU-GANYMAI. Disgusting, loathsome.

2.AGROMALOU--AGROMBALU. Wild apple.

3. AFLARE-ALFANW. I find, I discover, I am thinking of.

4. ALLISSU-ALIGKIOS. Same, same as, equal, exactly the same.

5. AMURGU-AMOLGOS. Twilight, Dusk...........:))

6. ARADZAMARE-EREIDOMAI Supporting.

7. ARAKU-ARKTOS. Northern, The Constellations of the Ursas Major and Minor beeing towards the North from the lands of the Vlachian Populations.

8. ARAU and RAU-AREIH. Bad guy, harmful.

9. ARKARE-ARUKU-EREIPW. I put down, I throw down, throw .

10. ATTA Thats how the children were calling the mother.Also with the forms JATTA,JATT, JATTU,ATI.

11. BABA-PAPPA. Father.

12.BAIRU--BAIROU-PEIRW. String, thread, braid.

13.BALCIU-PHLHX. Headband.

14. BALIU-BALIOS.. Spotted with white spots.

15, GASTURU--GASTRU. The base where hot coals are placed in order to make bread.

16. GASTRH. The concave part of a vase-pot, same as above I separated them for a small difference in the meaning.

17. GIATRU-IHTHR-IHTROS. The doctor.

18. GIAPA-IPPOS (male) -IPPOS (female). A mare.

19. GINA-EXINAI. The outside part of the chesnut-fruit full with thorns.

20. GINU-GINOU-GOINOS-FOINA-JOINA. The wine. Original word proving that the word VINO=Wine of the Latin is of a later date.

21. CIAFA-STIVH. The cold, white-frost, hoar-frost.

22. CINIOU-THOINH-FOINA. Bottle for wine, usually for religious purposes.

23. CIOKU-CIOKOU-SWKOS-SWKEW. The children with strong muscle power.

24. DZADA-DAIS-DAIDOS. The small pieces of pine-woods used to start the fire, torch.

25. DZEANA-DIWNH-ZAN-ZANOS-DIAINA. Nymph, fairy.


26. ERNIE-IRNIE-ERINYES-ERINYS. Curse, also the name of those Saturdays of the Dead person, celebrated in February.

27. FALIORU-FALIOROU-FALAROS-FALHRIAW. Completely white.

28. FALU-FALOU-FALOS-FALH. The beginning or ending the most outside point of something, the man ahead of a band, the first bandit, the head of a caravan.

29.GAL-GALA-KEL-KHLIS-KELAINOS Blackish, black.

30 GALIRE-GELAW-GALITU. Change of the weather for the better, moonlight, lighting.

31. GHELINDU-KYLINDW. Every thing having shere shape or possible to be rolled.

32. HARASSIRE-KARREZW-KARREZOUSA. Caressing.

33. HARHALA-KARXALEOS. Dead land, unproductive.

34. KAHARE-AKAXEW-AKAXIZW. Sorry, mental stress, mental pain, anguish.

35. KAIDA-KHDOS-KHDEOS. Taking care.

36. KAIRU-KAIROU-KAIROEIS. Bunch of hair, hair around the distaff.

37.KALIRE-K(CH)ALIS-KHLEOS. Burning, make the iron hot.

38. KALU-KALOU-KELHS-FALA. The horse, the riding horse, not the horse for work.

39. KAPAIRE-KAPYW. I pass out, lose my feelings.

40. KARA-KHR-KHROS. Destruction, trouble, grabbing.

41. KARARE-PEIRAR. DEcision, solution, result.

42. KARLABA-KALAYROPS-KARAMVAS-KARAVAIA. The long rod of the sheperds.

43. KIKARE-KHKIW-KIKKASOS. Drops, droppings, drops of sweating.

44. KURARE-KOREW-URARE Cleaning (the house-clothes-grain-) but not for liquids that the verb COLO is used.

45. KURMU-KORMOS-KURMARE. A Piece of something, cutting in pieces.

46. LEAKU-LACHEIOS-ALIKIRE. Small, minor, but also medicine, and in that case the word is connected with the word ALKOS=medicine.

47. LIAU-LAW. I take, Accepting, grabbing.

48. LIERTARE-ELEHTYS-ELEAIRW. Forgiving, feeling sorry.

49. LIMMOSSU-LIMOS. Hungry, gluttonous,greedy.

50. LUME-LAOS-LAW. The World, the Universe, the people.

51. MA-MAI-MAN-MAIMAW. More, much more.

52. MA-MATA-AMIA-MAIA. The mother.

53. MAKE-MAKA-MAKEDNOS-MHKOS. Long. tall.

54. MALA. Much, very much, many, very many.

55.MUZGAGA-MISGAGKEIA. The meeting point of two canyons or rivers.

56. NDROHE-DRYOCHOS. Wooden support, the ones used when building a ship.

57. OAIE-OIS-OIES. The sheep.

58. PESUIRE-PAIZW. I am playing, I am fooling, laughing at.

59. PETURU-PETALON-TRIPETHLOS. Kind of pasta in shape of a horseshoe.

60. PRAVDA-PROVATON. Animals in general and not used to indicate the sheep.

61. ROU-ROOU-ROOS-RUS-REYMA. The river.

62. SIHLA-SILHA-SALHA-XYLOCHOS. The deep thick woods.

63. SKALIU-SKOLOPS-SKWLOS. Species of thorns.

64. STANKA-STYX A rock having very deep roots.

65. TETTA- (T-H-THIS) Aunt.

66.TETTA. Same as above but with the meaning of addressing the older ones.

67. THINA-THIS. Sand, sandy,dunes.

68. TINE-TYNH You !

69. TSIUTSIU-TYT_THOS The smal-young child, a short man.

70. TUKIRE-THKW. melting,fusing.

71. UHTIRE-OCH_TH_EIN. I am upset, I am mad.

72. UZURU-OY_TH_AR. Breast, female breast.

73. VARTOS-VIRTUS-VRI_TH_YS. Strong, powerfull, tight.

74. VREAVA-ARAVEW. Noise, loud.

Please ADD between 56 and 57 the NI-NH
It is the negative part before any word.
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These are the 73 (74 with one different meaning) words from Mpousmpoukhs. In addition to them, G. PASCU recognizes the existence in the Vlachian language of the following 21 Ancient Hellenic words.


1. BALU-BALIUS-MPALIOS. Dancing?

2. BROATIC-BROTACHUS. The frog.

3. CAIR-CAIRUS. The weather.

4. CIUL-CIULLUS. Concave

5. CIULIRE-CIULLIRE. Rolling.

6. CIUMBURICA-TIUMBRUM-THYMVRON Savory.

7. CIURNIDA-CERAMIDA. Tile, large tiles.

8. CIUTRA-CIUTULA-KYTOS. Hold , hold of a ship.

9. CURMU-CURMUS-KORMOS. Trunk.

10. CURMARE-CURMAR-KORMAZW. Becoming corpulent.

11. DRUM-DROMOS. Street.

12. FRICA-FRIKH. Horror, terror.

13. L'AR-LARUS-LAROS-LIAROS. Gall,Sea-gall

14. MINIE-MANIA Mania-Maniac.

15. PRASUM-PRASSO. Leeks.


16. PROSPITUS-PROSPHATUS. Recent-Fresh.

17. SPIN-SPANOS. Beardless.

18. STUP-STYPOS-STUPUS. Astringent?

19. STUR-STULUS-STYLOS. Post-Column.

20. SCARPA-SKARIFOS. Large scarf.

21. SUT-TIUTUS-TYT_TH_OS ?
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In Addition Lazarou in his work for his doctorate is adding the following ones on pages 292-293.
As I said there few with no translation as I couldn't find them in my dictionaries and i didn't feel like calling Lazarou.
If anyone thinks that have the answers more than welcome to E-mail me.


1. AFLU-AFLW. Making something flammable ?

2. CORU-CHOROS. Dance, dancing, but also Choir.

3. CUMA-KYMA. Wave.

4. CUPIE-KOPH. Cut.

5. GUVA-KYVH. Game, gambling?

6. IPU-IPPOS Horse.

7. KINARA-KINARA. Artichoke.

8. NICU-MIKKOS ?

9. NENI-NANNH. I don't have the exact meaning of this one, but it appears the same as the person taking care of the young mamies.

10. NUMIE-NOMH. Pasture, income from property.

11. PAPU-PAPPOUS Grand-father.

12. TRAPU-TRAFOS. ?

13. UDARE-OUTHAR. ?

14. URMA-ODMH-OSMH. Smell.
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And these are few of the Ancient Hellenic Words still in use today in the Vlachian language. And I am saying the few, because not many people have spend any considerable time searching for farther connections.
They are words that connect the Vlachian language with the language spoken by very old populations, populations existing before the Latin, before the Rumanian before the Slav.

Farther indication of the AUTOCHTHONY of the Hellenic Vlachs.

[akritas]

Intresting post.
Also I add some words as about the Vlach language

Tse χi tÃ*ni, Armîn ia Grek?’
What are you, an Aroumanian or a Grekos?

mana mari

‘grandmother’

koutsos
‘lame, limping’

[PhiliptheUniterchaeronea]

Please post more on the Vlachs. I am very interested in our history as Greeks. The previous posts pointed out the are indeed Greeks. Are they Greeks that moved away a long time ago and returned to the region? Did they reach as far as Romania during Byzantine times as well as Ancient times? Are they a group with other reasons to identify themselves as Hellenes? Please keep the info coming as it is very interesting and affects us all.

[Mygdonia]

I think there is no doubt in my mind that Macedon-Aroumanians are autochtonous to the Pindos range. The language of the Byzantine was Latin for three or four centuries and those Greeks on the mountains still maintained that language because mountain Greeks were usually secluded from urban areas for one reason or another.

I am not at all suprised to see the Macedon-Aroumanian language has many proto Hellenic root words futher proving their deep affiliation with not only the Byzantine but also from the Antigonid Empire.

Wallachian language is similar to Macedon-Aroumanian but Macedon-Aroumanian is clearly a very old Greek-Latin dialect.

Aroumanian is a derivative of Romaioi which is what Greeks were called in the Byzantine.

[Ptolemy]

Makedonia 4000 years of Greek history and civilization ISBN 960-213-083-0, Greek page 452

The Greek conscience was especially evident on the Vlachian and Kutsovlachian element. In reality the areas where the Greek-speaking element was minimum or unexistant,the Vlachs were constituing the vanguard of Hellinism.The Greek schools and institutions in the counties of Monastiri---Perlepe were basically work of the Vlach-speaking Greeks,who were the leaders to all of the revolutionary movements of Makedonian Hellinism...

[Ptolemy]

From the 'Aromanians in the Balkans'

The Aromanians

Called Vlachs or Vlassi by Slavs, Kooutsovlachos by Greeks, Tchobans by Albanians, Tsintsars by Serbs and Macedo-Romanians by Romanians these Latin speaking people call themselves Aromanians. They are scattered throughout the Balkan Peninsula and are one of the historical, linguistic, and ethnological mysteries of the region.

Their name, Aromanian, is a clear reference to the Latin origin of their language, but are they really the descendants of the Roman colonists that inhabited the area? Some argue that they are, and what better proof than their language, and, some would add, their appearance. Others postulate the theory that they might be in fact Romanians from north of the Danube which have descended down into the Balkans and somehow maintained their Latin language. Finally, there are others, especially Hungarian historians, that try to justify the historical claim of Hungary over Transylvania - today part of Romania - by using the Aromanians. These historians argue that the Aromanians are in fact the last remnants of the Latin speaking population that inhabited the region south of the Danube. From there, they argue, the modern-day Romanians began their migration into Transylvania and north of the Danube in the twelfth century (Atanasov, 14-23 / Winnifrith, Shattered Eagles 30-31).


While none of these theories can be completely refuted because of lack of clear evidences, today most historians agree that the Aromanians are the last remnants of the Latin speaking population that existed in the region since the incorporation of ancient Macedonia into the Roman Empire in 148 B.C.

The argument that the Aromanians might be in fact Romanian colonists from the north, has been in recent years, refuted by linguistic studies.
There are linguistic differences between the two dialects that point to a separation of Aromanian from Romanian around the seventh century, the moment of the Slavic invasion. The Slavs, consequently, have separated the two bodies of Latin speaking populations. The theory put forward by Hungarian historians was refuted by archeological evidences that stand proof of the Roman and later Romanian continuity north of Danube, even after the Aurelian retreat from the province of Dacia in 271-73 A.D.
(Winnifrith, The Vlachs 74).


Many historians have also noted the fact that the territory inhabited today by Aromanians is situated just south or along Via Egnatia(Winnifrith, The Vlachs 68) the main road that once connected the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, Constantinople, with the capital of the Western Roman Empire, Rome. The road was, therefore, heavily guarded by Roman troops. This may also explain the presence of a Latin speaking population so far south, in an area considered by most historians to have been Greek-speaking in those times. "It was a characteristic of the Roman Empire that in the east generally where Latin met Greek, Greek invariably prevailed" (Wace, 266).


The fate of the Latin speaking population in the Balkans has been greatly influenced by two major historical events. One was the division of the Roman Empire in the fourth century, which transformed the Eastern Roman Empire into an Empire where, as suppose to Latin in the West, Greek was the lingua franca. Latin retained, however, a major role. It is important to mention the fact that as late as the tenth century some of the Eastern Roman Emperors and generals had Latin names and were known for speaking Latin fluently (Wace, 259). The second important event in Aromanian history was the fall of the defense line along the Danube in 602 B.C. which left the way open for the Slavic invasion of the region. This is the moment when, according to most historians, the separation of the body of Latin speakers took place. Those that remained in the south were further pushed down into the heart of the Greek speaking areas. Today it is not hard to observe that the areas inhabited by Aromanians are mountainous areas, inaccessible and very isolated, which may explain the lasting existence of these people in these regions. "Their villages are nearly always placed in the highest and least visible spots, the favorite position being a hole in the top of a hill. This custom no doubt originated in the time of the barbarian invasions when the plains were overrun with Slavs, Bulgarians, and Avars" (Odysseus, 410).

[akritas]

Quote 1
The Vlachs speak a language that evolved from Latin. It was transmitted by Romans to many peoples and was used as an international language for centuries. Most Vlach populations live in and around the borders of modern Greece. The word ‘Vlachs’ appears in the Byzantine documents at about the 10th century, but few details are connected with it and it is unclear it means for various authors. It has been variously hypothesized that Vlachs are descendants of Roman soldiers, Thracians, diaspora Romanians, or Latinized Greeks. However, the ethnic makeup of the empires that ruled the Balkans and the use of the language as a lingua franca suggest that the Vlachs do not have one single origin. DNA studies might clarify relationships, but these have not yet been done. In the 19th century Vlach was spoken by shepherds in Albania who had practically no relationship with Hellenism as well as by urban Macedonians who had Greek education dating back to at least the 17th century and who considered themselves Greek. The latter gave rise to many politicians, literary figures, and national benefactors in Greece. Because of the language, various religious and political special interests tried to attract the Vlachs in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At the same time, the Greek church and government were hostile to their language. The disputes of the era culminated in emigrations, alienation of thousands of people, and near-disappearance of the language. Nevertheless, due to assimilation and marriages with Greek speakers, a significant segment of the Greek population in Macedonia and elsewhere descends from Vlachs.

Quote 2
The name ‘Vlachs’ is mentioned for the first time by the Byzantine Georgios Kedrinos, who wrote that the brother of the subsequently Bulgarian emperor Samuel was killed in 976 by ‘odites Vlachous’ between Kastoria and Prespa lakes.43 Documents from Athos show that there were Vlachs in Chalikidi peninsula around 1000.44The Armenian historian Kekavmenos, who wrote a treatise called ‘Stratigikon’ described warlike Vlachs around Trikala and Larissa, who in his opinion were "Dacias and Vesi" who had had been expelled from the regions around the Savos and Danube rivers because they were bandits.45 Anna Komnini, historian and daughter of the Byzantine emperor Alexios Komninos, repeatedly mentions the Vlachs of Thessaly, whose chief named Pudilos rushed during the night to notify Alexios Komninos that the Koumani had crossed the Danube.46Beniamin of Tudela, a 12th century Jewish rabbi, visited in Thessaly in 1173 and mentioned that the Vlachs descended from the mountains like deer, committed robberies, were invincible, and did not keep their word.47

more in
http://www.farsarotul.org/nl26_1.htm

[Ptolemy]

Please post more on the Vlachs. I am very interested in our history as Greeks. The previous posts pointed out the are indeed Greeks. Are they Greeks that moved away a long time ago and returned to the region? Did they reach as far as Romania during Byzantine times as well as Ancient times? Are they a group with other reasons to identify themselves as Hellenes? Please keep the info coming as it is very interesting and affects us all.

This is from Lyngos. It sums it up quite well.

1. VLACHOI.
The ones I call the Noble or True ones. Descendants from the Autochthonous of Ancient Hellas, as it was define by Aristoteles, living initially in the Pindus mountains and the Valleys South to Genousos River, in the mountainous areas of the Greek mainland. Their language was the ancient Hellenic and has been modified to reflect the changes to it, after they came in intermarriage with the Makedonians, tribes of similar background.
Their language was modified again once the Romans arrived, but not so much as to become a Latin language. It was the time when the Makedonian soldiers became Roman soldiers speaking a mixt of what was to be called later the Latino-Makedonian dialect. Todays grammar, syntax, morphology, percentages of Homeric, Mackedonian,and ancient Hellenic words testifies that is a language more Hellenic than anything else.
These VLACHOI abandoned their traditional pastures during the reigns of Ali-Pasha and moved to the rest of the Hellenic Peninsula all the way to Austria, Hungary and the rest of the European countries. Initially being sheep-herders they became soldiers and then merchants. The bulk of them moved into Monastiri, Krusovo, Megarovo, Tyrnovo, Veroia where they became even more rich than the times when they left traditional lands like Mosxopolis, Zerma, Smolikas etc.etc.. Still today the language of the VLACHOI from Monastiri is regarder as the
most original speciment of their Ancient language. They were at least bilingualists speaking Greek out of the House and many of them were cable of understanding all the languages of the Balkans up to ten, having to deal
with different people. I never heard my family ever mentioning the Monastiri VLACHOI by any other name.
So.........to all of you out there insisting that the VLACHS never call themselves by that name, here a DIRECT testimony on the contrary. The Vlachs of Monastiri--Megarovo--Tyrnovo--Krusovo, were calling themselves ONLY by the name VLACHOI.

2. AROMOUNOI--AROUMOUNOI--ARMOUNOI.
The Latinized name by which the Vlachs of certain areas call themselves. As I said I never heard this term by any of the Vlachs from Monastiri and surrounding villages. The name means the citizen of the Roman Empire and it was to indicate the populations having Latin influence in their language and possibly to separate them from the inhabitants of the maritime Hellenes being called ROMIOI and speaking a certain Greek language once such language was re-introduced by Emperor Heraklius. The Aromounians were Bilingual while the Rwmioi were speaking only this new Greek language with many

3. KOUTSOVLACHOI.
The name by which most of the Greeks from others areas are calling the Vlachs from Monastiri and surrounding areas but especially the Vlachs ( at that time the word was for sheep-herders), that moved to the South all the
way to Amvrakikos Bay. The KOUTSO= LAME was indication of their somehow lesser than full Vlachian
background, but only one of the many interpretations given to this name. The KOUTSOVLACHOI were using the original Vlachian language less that the VLACHOI.


4. ARVANITOVLACHOI.
Were called as such the Vlachs that once the Arvanite language arrived in the traditional Vlachian lands, they learned it and they were using it instead of the Greek. Their background from todays farther to the North Albanian lands, on the other side of the Genousos River. The ones better known among them are the FRASARIOTI with origins from the Albanian town of FRASARI. They are known also by the name GKARAGKOUNIDES, nothing to do with the Greek speaking KARAGOUNIDES from the Western Plains of Thessaly.
During the Ottoman Empire many of them changed their religion becoming Moslems.


5. TSINTZARS--TSINTSARS.
Usually the name is indicating the VLACHS of the Lower Jugoslavia including the SKOPIAN ones, remnants and descendants of the Fifth (Quinta-cingue) Roman Legion. Their language is heavily affected by SLAV influence, while their profession after the leaving of the Romans, returned to the original-traditional that of sheep-herders.
Considering the name TSINTZARS somehow underrated, they call themselves as VLASHI to be as close as possible to the VLACHOI from Monastiri.


7. MOGLENITES--MEGLENITES, MEGLENO-ROUMANS.
Are those VLACHS by PROFESSION that originated in the lower Danube and they were RUMANIZED PATSINACS. They were relocated in MOGLENA of ALMOPIA to the North-West of Edessa, by ALEXIUS KOMNENOS, or by IOANNIS KOMNENOS between 1091A.D. or 1122A.D. During the reign of the Ottomans many of them became Muslims and were removed from Moglena during the exchange of the Populations. Their language heavily influenced by the DAKO-ROUMANIAN and even Turkish language with genetic characteristics of the Moggolian type. The MEGLENITES Vlachs had ignorance of the term ROMANUS however they accepted the name VLAHor VLASHI. However there is a version also that high suspicions exist that few of those MEGLENITES are from original Makedonian Stock that has been abducted and carried over to the lower PATSINAKIAN lands.

8. CICI or ISTRIAN VLACHS.
They are so called the Vlachs (by profession or origins from the Southern Vlachs) living in the North-Western Balkan Peninsula on the Italian-Jugoslavian now Italian-Slovenian border. Of mixed profession mainly stock-herders but many merchants too. Their language heavily influenced by the Latin and later of the Italian with
many SLAV words. Like the Moglenites are calling themselves by the name VLASHI. There is the possibility that their origins were from the MAYROVLACHS that I'll tell you about next.


9. MORLACKS--MAYROVLACHS.
Mainly Those stock and sheep-herders, living around DALMATIA all the way to MONTENEGRO and SERBIA.
Their name is of BYZANTINE origins changing the first Greek word AYROS=BLACK when the Venetians arrived into their lands, making it MAUROVLACO-MOROVLACHO-MORLACO-MURLACO-MORLAKI-MORLACKS.
Their name was due perhaps to the black color of their clothes.

10. KARAVLACHS.
Under the Ottomans the term MAYROVLACHOS became KARAVLACHOS meaning the same thing BLACK-VLACHOS. The name was used mockingly by the Neo-Hellenes.


11. MPOURTZOVLACHOI--BURTZOVLACHS.
Same as above or even worse having insulting meaning. The possibility exist that the name is derivative of BURGUS+VLACHOS in this case meaning the Quardian of the mountain passes and forts. However if that the case then that BURTZOVLACH had no civil rights, he was a townsman, he was not an AROMOUNIAN, but a BOURGOVLACH a BOURGAROVLACH a farmer Vlach. Today in Greece the plain word BOURGOS and BOURTZI still are in use. In such a way the words VLACH and BURGAR are of the same origins. And because such a VLACH wasn't one with any rights, the word was coined to indicate VLACHS from the far North, BARBARIANS.

12. ROUMANOVLACHS.
Those populations autochthonous to the land that was named ROMANIA after the ROMANS, and once the Romans left. These populations a mixture of many different tribes, living around the Danube river were mainly of DACIAN ancestry. The DACIANS accepted the Latin language as theirs, adding earlier elements to it from their own earlier language. It could be called DACO-RUMANIAN and clearly is a language different from the Makedonian--VLACHIAN and from all the other languages spoken to the West.

And yet.........maybe because the Stock-breeding populations, and the Latinized ones, PROBABLY they were called by the name VLACHS in that land, the notion that ALL THE VLACHS ARE OF ROMANIAN ORIGINS STILL PERSIST.

13. BULGAROVLACHS.
The VLACHS living in BULGARIA descendants of the VLACHS that Basil the II relocated from Prespa to Moesia after the defeat of SAMUIL's forces. Also from autochtonous populations including the BESSOI even if suspicions
persist due to the fact that those people till the 6th century A.D were still speaking the THRACIAN -ARVANITE language. Not to forget the PETSENEGS of 1074 A.D to 1091 A.D. Mainly stock-herders with heavy influence of the SLAV language with very characteristic features like the requisition of the article and the indefinite vowel. However skepticism still exist regarding such grammar elements and their origins.


14. LAMERIANI--DENISKIOTES.
By that name are known the VLACHOI of the South side of the GRAMMOS range in Greece. Clearly part of the main VLACHOI are mostly sheep-breeders.

15. GOGA--GOGEA.
The Arvanit given name specifically to the stock-breeders of Albania.

16. VELLA--VLA--ULLA
The name by which are known in Albania the populations speaking the LATINO-MAKEDONIAN language.


17. SARAKATSANI--SARAKATSANAIOI
As all of you know I have written on different ocassion postings regarding these Hellenian Vlachs. In general was believed that they were the branch of the ancient Hellenic Vlachs, that remained sheep-herders and they were ALWAYS speaking the Greek language.


18. TSARAPANI.
By that name are known the VLACH-SPEAKING populations of the valleys of STRYNOMAS river and the surrounding mountains. They were absorbed by the Bulgars.

19. PLAKIOTES--PLAKIANI.
The vlachian populations from PLAKI in the triangle between AXRIDA-KITSEVO-MONASTIRI. Today the Plakiotes have almost fully Slavisized.

20. GRAMMOUSTIANI.
All the sheep-herders that were moving during the summer months in the GRAMMOS range surrounding the Vlachian city of GRAMMOUSTA. The city was destroyed by the Albanians between 1650-1720. They are the ones that together with the other Hellenic Populations from Moschopolis arrived in the Peristeri mountains around MONASTIRI, in addition to other places in Greece and Bulgaria.


21. SARMANIATES.
Are so called the inhabitants of SAMARINA in the upper valleys of the AWOS river. They were spending their winter months in THESSALY around TRIKKALA in a village known by the name PALAIOSAMARINA (pld Samarina).
Part of the old Vlachs from farther to the North, had to move when SAMUIL'S brother in law and later Saint BLADIMIR (BALTIMIR) arrived in there. It was the beginning ( middle of the 9th centuryA.D) of the relocations of
the ancient Vlachs, toward the South. There is a possibility that these VLACHS came in intermarriage with KEKAYMENOS VLACHS (the nomads from the South part of the Danube river that moved to the Southern Greece). Clearly speaking the original Latino-Makedonian language, a.k.a. Hellenic Vlachian Language.


21. MOUZAKIANI--MOUZAKIARI.
The sheep-herders that were spending their winters in MOUZAKIA, the land by the Adriatic sea where the deltas of the rivers AWOS, APSOS, GENOUSOS in todays Albania. The ancient name of the area is that of TAYLANTIA, where one can find the cities of DYRRACHION (Durres) and APOLLONIA the places from where FIRST BEGAN THE INTRODUCTION OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE TO THE PEOPLE OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA.


It was not just the FIRST but also the most heavily LATINIZED area .


The Albanians did not arrive in here till 1080, however by 1400 there were plenty of them around. It appears that one of their tribes, that of the MIJACKS conquered the area and gave to it today's name that of MOUJACKIA--MOUZAKIA.

22. KARAGOUNIDES.
Those Vlachs living in Southern Thessaly.