Ancient Macedonian Army

[The Blood of Dorus]

Glossary of ancient Greek military terms

http://members.tripod.com/~S_van_Dor..._glossary.html

This glossary offers an explanation of Greek (GR) and a few Persian (PE) terms and expressions associated with ancient Greek warfare.

A

Agèma (GR): ‘leading part’; elite unit.
Agèma toon hypaspistoon (GR): 'leading part of the shieldbearers'; elite unit of Macedonian royal foot guard.
Agrianos (GR): elite light infantryman.
Agoogè (GR): Spartan upbringing.
Aichmè (GR): javelin.
Aichmophoros (GR): spearbearer.
Akinakès (GR): Persian shortsword or dagger.
Akontion (GR): missile; projectile.
Akontistès (GR): javelineer.
Akrobolos (GR): skirmisher.
Akropolis (GR): citadel; fortified part of a city.
Alala (GR): warcry.
Alalazoo (GR): to raise a battle cry.
Amphippos (GR): cavalryman with two mounts.
Amrtaka (PE): ‘Immortals’; Persian royal foot guards.
Anabasis (GR): march inland.
Anaklèsis (GR): retreat; withdrawal.
Anaklètikon (GR): signal to retreat.
Anastrophè (GR): (1) back-turn; (2) wheeling manoeuvre.
Anax (GR): king.
Andreia (GR): courage.
Antilabè (GR): grip of a shield.
Aporthètos (GR): unconquered; unplundered.
Aretè (GR): virtue; valour; martial distinction.
Argyraspis (GR): ‘silvershield’; title of Macedonian infantry guard which is probably identical with the hypaspistai (GR).
Arithmos (GR): ‘number’; military unit.
Arstibara (PE): ‘spearbearers’; Persian guardsmen.
Asapatish (PE): cavalry commander.
Askooma (GR): leather sleeve surrounding lowest oar to prevent the ship from taking water.
Aspidiskè (GR): small shield.
Aspis (GR): shield.
Aspis koilè (GR): ‘hollow shield’; concave hoplite shield.
Asthetairos (GR): ‘city companion’; title borne by Macedonian infantryman, possibly an alternative name for the pezhetairoi (GR) from the northern districts of the kingdom.
Asthippos (GR): ‘city cavalryman’; title borne by some Macedonian mounted troops.
Athanatoi (GR): ‘immortals’; nickname of the infantry guard corps of the Persian king which was always kept at its establishment strength of 10.000 men by direct substitution of losses among its complement.
Aulètès (GR): flute-player.
Auloi (GR): double reed-flutes.
Automolos (GR): deserter.
Axinè (GR): battle-axe.

B

Baivarabam (PE): 'unit of ten thousand'; Persian military unit cf Greek term myrias.
Baivarapatish (PE): 'commander of ten thousand'; senior Persian officer.
Bandaka (PE): 'bondsmen' or 'retainers'.
Basileus (GR): king.
Basilikè ilè (GR): ‘royal wing’; Macedonian royal guard cavalry unit.
Basilikos (GR): royal.
Belos (GR): missile

C

Chalkaspis (GR): bronze shield.
Cheir (GR): arm protector.
Chiliarchia (GR): ‘unit of thousand’; military unit.
Chiliarchès (GR): ‘commander of thousand’; officer.
Chiliostys (GR): ‘unit of thousand’; military unit.
Chitoon (GR): tunic.
Chlamys (GR): cloak.

D

Dathabam (PE):'unit of ten'; squad.
Dathapatish (PE): 'commander of ten'; squad leader.
Dekania (GR): ‘unit of ten’; file; squad.
Dekarchos (GR): ‘leader of ten’; junior officer; squad leader.
Dekas (GR): 'unit of ten'; squad.
Diastèma (GR): interval.
Diekplous (GR): naval manoeuvre to break an enemy’s line.
Dilochia (GR): double-file.
Dilochitès (GR): double-file leader; junior officer.
Dimoiria (GR): ‘two quarters’; half-file.
Dimoirites (GR): half-file leader; NCO.
Dipèchiakè (GR): space of 2 cubits separating two tholepins in a file of oarsmen, probably some 98cm.
Doration (GR): light spear.
Dory (GR): spear.
Dorydrepanon (GR): shafted sickle.
Doryphoros (GR): (1) spearman; (2) guard.
Doulos (GR): slave.
Drepanèphoros (GR): scythed chariot.
Drepanon (GR): battle-scythe.
Dromos (GR): charge on the run.

E

Eirènè (GR): peace.
Ekdromos (GR): 'out runner'; hoplite leaving the phalanx (GR) formation to chase light troops.
Ektatos (GR): ‘someone outside the battle formation’; supernumerary officer or NCO.
Ektaxis (GR): battle order.
Elephantos (GR): elephant.
Embolon (GR): (1) wedge formation; (2) ship’s beak or ram.
Encheiridion (GR): dagger.
Enoomotia (GR): ‘sworn band’; military unit.
Enoomotarchès (GR): commander of an enoomotia (GR); junior officer.
Eparchos (GR): officer.
Epi dory klinai (GR): ‘face to the spear-side’; right-face.
Epibatès (GR): marine.
Epikouros (GR): auxiliary.
Epilektos (GR): picked soldier.
Epimelètès (GR): officer.
Epistatès (GR): rear-ranker.
Epitagma (GR): supporting force.
Es cheiras (GR): ‘at grips’; in close combat.
Euzonos (GR): light infantryman .
Exelasis (GR): cavalry charge.
Exeligmos (GR): counter-march.
Exeligmos Lakoonikos (GR): ‘Laconian counter-march’; manoeuvre in which the file-closer does an about-face on the spot and the file-leader leads his men past the file-closer.
Exeligmos Makedonikos (GR): ‘Macedonian counter-march’; manoeuvre in which the file-leader does an about-face on the spot and the rear-rankers counter-march to form up behind him.
Exeligmos Persikos (GR): ‘Persian counter-march’; manoeuvre in which the front-half and rear-half both counter-march to form up in a mirror-image of their original disposition and the battle-order remains in the same position.
Exoomis (GR): sleeveless tunic fastened at the shoulders.

G

Gastraphetès (GR): ‘belly bow’; heavy crossbow/light catapult.
Gerrhon (GR): wicker shield.
Gorytos (GR): (1) quiver; (2) combined bowcase and quiver.
Grosphomachos (GR): skirmisher equipped with javelins.
Grosphos (GR): javelin.
Gymnès (GR): light-armed skirmisher.

H

Halysidootos (GR): mail coat.
Hamippos (GR): infantry skirmisher fighting mixed with the cavalry.
Harmostès (GR): Spartan governor.
Harpagè (GR): looting; plundering.
Hazarapatish (PE): ‘commander of a thousand’; Persian officer.
Hèlootès (GR): helot; serf from the subjugated population of the Spartan state.
Hèmilochion (GR): half-file.
Hèmilochitès (GR): half-file-leader; NCO.
Hèmithoorakion (GR): ‘half-armour’; body armour covering the breast only.
Hetarieia (GR): company; (1) aristocratic warrior band; (2) dining association.
Hetairos (GR): companion; (1) aristocratic warrior; (2) Macedonian heavy cavalryman.
Hègemoon (GR): commander.
Hekatontarchia (GR): ‘unit of hundred’; military unit; company.
Hekatontarchès (GR): ‘commander of hundred’; officer.
Helepolis (GR): siege tower.
Hieros lochos (GR): ‘Sacred band’; Theban elite formation composed of 150 couples of male lovers.
Hippakontistès (GR): mounted javelinman.
Hipparchia (GR): cavalry regiment.
Hippeus (GR): ‘horseman’ or ‘knight’: (1) cavalryman; (2) elite infantryman; title of picked Spartan hoplite.
Hippikè (GR): cavalry.
Hippikon (GR): cavalry.
Hippos (GR): horse.
Hippotoxotès (GR): horse archer.
Holosidèros (GR): (1) heavily armoured soldier; (2) cataphract horseman.
Homoios (GR): ‘peer’; Spartan enjoying full citizenship.
Homozygos (GR): soldier from the same rank.
Hoplitès (GR): heavy armed soldier; hoplite.
Hoplitikon (GR): heavy armed part of an army.
Hoplomachia (GR): weapons drill.
Hoplomachos (GR): weapons or drill instructor.
Hoplon (GR): weapon, both offensive and defensive; note this word is often used in modern literature as a technical term for the hoplite shield when in fact this was by no means the case in Antiquity.
Hyparchos (GR): officer.
Hypaspistès (GR): ‘shield-bearer’; (1) Macedonian infantry guard; (2) military servant.
Hypaspistès basilikos (GR): ‘royal shield-bearer’; elite soldier among the Macedonian infantry guard.
Hyperèsia (GR): 'auxiliary group'; naval crew in addition to the rowers and captain such as marines and deck hands.
Hypèretès (GR): officer.
Hypomeioon (GR): 'inferior'; second grade citizen; Spartan lacking full rights as homoios but still subject to military service obligation.
Hypotaxis (GR): array behind main battle line.
Hypozygion (GR): pack animal.
Hyssos (GR): spear; javelin.

I

Ilarchès (GR): ‘wing commander’; cavalry officer.
Ilè (GR): ‘wing’; military unit.
Ilè basilikè (GR): 'royal squadron'; elite unit of Macedonian hetairoi (GR) cavalry, possibly of larger size than other ilai (GR).
Interscalmium (LA): space between two tholes in oared ship.

K

Kakos (GR): coward.
Kara (PE): host; army.
Karda (PE): warlike spirit.
Kardaka (PE): Kurdish soldier.
Kardax (GR): either 'warrior' or 'household soldier'; Persian mercenary soldier.
Katalogos (GR): mustering list.
Katapaltès (GR): ‘shield smasher’; artillery piece.
Katapeltaphetès (GR): (1) artilleryman; (2) artillery instructor.
Kataphraktès (GR): suit of armour.
Kataphraktos (GR): armoured soldier.
Kataskopos (GR): scout.
Katoikia (GR): military colony.
Katoikos (GR): fief holder; military settler; soldier granted land to support himself.
Kausia (GR): Macedonian hat.
Keleusthès (GR): naval officer responsible for setting and maintaining the rowing speed.
Keras (GR): wing.
Kèryx (GR): herald.
Kestrosphendonè (GR): special type of bolt used by slingers as a short range missile.
Klaros (GR): fief; tract of land.
Klèros (GR): fief; tract of land.
Klèrouchos (GR): fief holder; military settler; soldier granted land for his upkeep.
Klisis (GR): right/left-face.
Knèmis (GR): greave.
Koilè phalanx (GR): concave battle-formation.
Koilembolos (GR): hollow wedge formation.
Koinon (GR): association; unit.
Kontophoros (GR): spearman.
Kontos (GR): spear; pike.
Kopis (GR): slashing sword; falchion.
Kopidion (GR): slashing knife.
Kranos (GR): helmet.
Krypteia (GR): ‘secret service’; Spartan death squad for keeping the helots in check.
Kryptès (GR): 'secret agent'; Spartan who roamed covertly through the territory to look for signs of possible helot rebelliousness.
Kybernètès (GR): helmsman.
Kyrtè phalanx (GR): convex battle-order.

L

Lakedaimoon (GR): name of Spartan state.
Lambda (GR): Greek letter ‘L’ for Lakedaimoon painted on front of the Spartan shields.
Lineothoorax (GR): linen corselet.
Lithobolos (GR): ‘stonethrower’; torsion gun.
Lochagos (GR): (1) unit commander; (2) file leader.
Lochos (GR): (1) military unit; (2) file of men.
Logas (GR): picked soldier.
Lonchè (GR): spear; javelin.
Lonchophoros (GR): spearman; javelineer.

M

Machaira (GR): sword.
Machairion (GR): small falchion.
Machairophoros (GR): swordsman.
Machè (GR): fight; battle.
Machimos (GR): indigenous Egyptian soldier.
Mechanè (GR): siege engine.
Melas zoomos (GR): ‘black soup’; infamous Spartan blood broth.
Mèlophoros (GR): ‘apple bearer’; a Persian guard using a round counterweight on the spear.
Meros (GR): part; subdivision; unit.
Metabolè (GR): about-face.
Metaichmion (GR): ‘no-mans land’; space separating two armies.
Metalepsis (GR): change of grip on a spear.
Metoopon (GR): front of a battle-line.
Mistharchidès (GR): mercenary.
Misthios (GR): soldier serving for pay; mercenary.
Misthophoros (GR): mercenary.
Misthos (GR): pay.
Mitrè (GR): abdominal armour.
Monomachia (GR): single combat.
Mora (GR): Spartan military unit.
Myrias (GR): ‘ten thousand’; myriad; Persian military unit.

N

Nauarchos (GR): admiral.
Naumachia (GR): sea battle.
Naus (GR): ship.
Nautès (GR): sailor.
Nautikon (GR): fleet; navy.
Neodamoodès (GR): newly enfranchised Spartan.
Nikè (GR): victory.
Nyktophylax (GR): night guard.

O

Oothismos aspidoon (GR): ‘shield shoving’ or ‘shield pushing’; the sort of rugby scrummage which followed the clash of two phalanges (GR) when neither of them broke under the first charge.
Ouragos (GR): file closer.
Ouriachos (GR): butt-spike.
Oxybelès (GR): catapult.

P

Paian (GR): battle song.
Pais basilikos (GR): royal page.
Palton (GR): javelin.
Panoplia (GR): war-gear; complete suit of military equipment.
Paragoogè (GR): march in line.
Paramèridion (GR): (1) side-arm; (2) thigh armour.
Parapleuridion (GR): armoured horse trapping.
Parastatès (GR): ranker.
Parazoonion (GR): shortsword; dagger.
Paredros (GR): marine protecting helmsman.
Parexeiresia (GR): outrigger.
Parmè (GR): buckler; round shield.
Pèdalia (GR): pair of rudders.
Peltarion (GR): light shield.
Peltastès (GR): shieldbearing javelineer.
Peltastikon (GR): unit of peltastai (GR).
Peltè (GR): light shield.
Peltophoros (GR): 'shieldbearer'; soldier armed with light shield.
Pelekophoros (GR): axe-man.
Pelekys (GR): battle-axe or warhammer.
Pempas (GR): 'unit of five'; squad.
Pentèkontoros (GR): galley with fifty oarsmen on one level.
Pentèkostys (GR): ‘unit of fifty’; military unit.
Pentèrès (GR): quinquereme; oared warship rowed by five oarsmen on either two or three levels.
Perikephalaios (GR): helmet.
Perioikos (GR): ‘one living about’; ally.
Periplous (GR): naval encircling manoeuvre.
Petasos (GR): hat.
Petrobolos (GR): ‘stonethrower’; torsion gun.
Pezhetairos (GR): ‘foot companion’; Macedonian heavy infantryman.
Pezikon (GR): infantry.
Pezomachos (GR): infantryman.
Pezon (GR): infantry.
Pezos (GR): foot soldier; infantryman.
Pezakontistès (GR): infantry skirmisher; javelineer.
Phalangitès (GR): phalangite; infantryman in Macedonian-type phalanx (GR).
Phalanx (GR): ‘stick’; (1) small group of promachoi; (2) close-order military formation of heavy infantrymen equipped with thrusting spears and shields.
Pharsalikè ilè (GR): elite Thessalian cavalry unit from Pharsalia.
Pheidition (GR): Spartan military mess association.
Phygè (GR): flight.
Phylax (GR): guard; sentry.
Phylè (GR): tribe.
Pilos (GR): (1) felt cap; (2) metal helmet shaped like a pilos (GR).
Plagiophylax (GR): flank guard.
Plèrooma (GR): ship's crew.
Ploion (GR): ship.
Ploion makron (GR): longship; warship.
Polemarchos (GR): senior officer.
Polemos (GR): war; battle.
Polemikon (GR): trumpet signal for the charge.
Polemios (GR): enemy.
Polemistès (GR): warrior; soldier.
Poliorketès (GR): besieger.
Poliorkia (GR): siege.
Polis (GR): city state.
Politès (GR): citizen; man enjoying citizenship.
Polyandreion (GR): mass grave.
Porpax (GR): arm-band of a shield.
Proknèmis (GR): greave.
Prodomata (GR): pay in advance.
Prodromos (GR): ‘someone who has run ahead’; (1) scout ; (2) Macedonian light cavalryman.
Promachos (GR): ‘front fighter’; heavy armed soldier fighting ahead of the light armed missile troops.
Prometoopidion (GR): chamfron; horse armour for protection of the head.
Pronomè (GR): foraging expedition.
Prootostatès (GR): front-ranker.
Proptoosis (GR): levelling of spears to the front of the battle-line.
Prosentaxis (GR): flank position.
Protaxis (GR): skirmishing line; covering force.
Psilos (GR): light equipped soldier; skirmisher.
Pteryges (GR): ‘wings’; linen or leather strips used to decorate or protect the upper arms and lower body.
Pyknosis (GR): close-order formation.
Pylè (GR): gate.
Pylooros (GR): gate keeper.
Pyrgos (GR): tower.

R

Rhipsaspia (GR): the discarding of the shield; common practice for those wishing to leave the fighting in a hurry.
Rhomphaia (GR): slashing blade; falchion.
Rhoomaios (GR): Roman.

S

Sagaris (GR): battle-axe.
Salpinktès (GR): trumpeter.
Salpinx (GR): trumpet.
Sarissa (GR): pike; Macedonian heavy thrusting spear used by both mounted troops and infantry.
Sarissophoros (GR): ‘pikeman’; (1) soldier armed with a sarissa (GR); (2) alternative title for Macedonian prodromos (GR).
Saurootèr (GR): butt-spike.
Schèma (GR): disposition; formation.
Sèma (GR): standard.
Sèmeiophoros (GR): standard-bearer.
Sitarchia (GR): ration allowance.
Sitèresion (GR): ration allowance.
Skène (GR): tent; barracks building.
Skeuophoros (GR): baggage-carrier; servant.
Skolops (GR): palisade stake.
Skytale (GR): ‘stick’; (1) broken half of a stick used to verify the origin of a message; (2)Spartan ‘dogtags’ made of a wooden identification sign.
Skytalis (GR): ‘little stick’; Spartan ‘dogtags’ made of a wooden identification sign.
Soomatophylax (GR): ‘body guard’; (1) elite Macedonian infantry guard; (2) senior Macedonian general.
Soomatophylax basilikos (GR): ‘royal bodyguard’; elite Macedonian infantry guard soldier.
Spara (PE): shield.
Sparabara (PE): ‘shield-bearer’; Persian soldier.
Spartiatès (GR): Spartan member of syssition entitled to full citizen rights.
Speira (GR): military unit.
Sphagia (GR): pre-battle sacrifice.
Sphendonetès (GR): slinger.
Spolas (GR): type of soft body armour; either a leather or linen corselet or a thickly woven tunic.
Stasis (GR): civil strife; civil war.
Stephanos (GR): (1) garland; (2) helmet crest.
Stichos (GR): (1) row; (2) file.
Stoma (GR): front of a formation.
Stratègika (GR): generalship.
Stratègion (LA): commander's tent.
Stratègos (GR): general; commander.
Strateuma (GR): military campaign.
Strateusis (GR): military campaign.
Stratia (GR): army.
Stratiootès (GR): soldier.
Stratiootika (GR): (1) military affairs; (2) military service.
Stratopedeusis (GR): naval formation.
Stratopedon (GR): (1) army; (2) military camp.
Styrax (GR): butt-spike.
Syllochismos (GR): deployment by file.
Symmachia (GR): alliance.
Symmachos (GR): ally.
Synaspismos (GR): locked shields formation.
Syngenès (GR): ‘relative’; Persian guard cavalryman.
Synoomotia (GR): file; squad.
Syntagma (GR): ‘building block’; military unit; battalion.
Syntagmatarchès (GR): batallion commander.
Synthèmaton (GR): watchword.
Syskènion (GR): ‘tent party’; Spartan military mess association.
Syskènios (GR): ‘tent partner’; Spartan member of military mess association.
Syssition (GR): ‘dining group’; Spartan military mess association.
Syssitios (GR): ‘dining companion’; Spartan member of military mess association.
Systasis (GR): light infantry platoon.
Syzeuxis (GR): parallel formation.

T

Tagma (GR): military unit.
Tagos (GR): Thessalian commander-in-chief.
Taka (PE): light shield.
Takabara (PE): ‘shield-bearers’; Persian peltastès (GR).
Taphros (GR): ditch; moat.
Tattoo (GR): to array; to deploy.
Taxis (GR): (1) battle order; (2) military unit; regiment.
Taxiarchès (GR): officer.
Taxiarchos (GR): officer.
Teichos (GR): wall.
Telamoon (GR): carrying strap.
Telos (GR): military unit.
Tetrarchia (GR): unit of four files.
Tetrarchès (GR): commander of four files.
Thalamax (GR): rower on lowest rowing level of a galley; alternative term for thalamios (GR).
Thalamios (GR): oarsman on lowest level of a trireme.
Thanvabara (PE): archers; bowmen.
Thèrarchia (GR): elephant unit
Thoorakitès (GR): soldier wearing body armour.
Thoorax (GR): body armour.
Thranitès (GR): upper level rower on a trireme.
Thyreos (GR): shield.
Thyreophoros (GR): ‘shield-bearer’; skirmisher equipped with large shield.
Tiara (GR): characteristic Persian headgear; hood.
Toxeuma (GR): missile; projectile.
Toxon (GR): bow.
Toxotès (GR): archer.
Tresantès (GR): coward.
Triakas (GR): military unit.
Triakontoros (GR): thirty oared war ship.
Triboon (GR): Spartan cloak.
Trièrarchos (GR): (1) captain commanding a trireme; (2) wealthy citizen providing a trireme at his cost.
Trièraulès (GR): flute player governing strike rate of oarsmen.
Trièrès (GR): trireme; oared warship with three levels of rowers.
Tropaion (GR): trophy; commemorative victory sign erected to mark the turning of the tide of battle.

X

Xenagia (GR): 'foreign legion'; military unit.
Xenagos (GR): mercenary commander.
Xenos (GR): ‘foreigner’; mercenary.
Xiphidion (GR): (1) shortsword; (2) dagger.
Xiphos (GR): sword.
Xyelè (GR): curved dagger; sickle.
Xyston (GR): spear.
Xystophoros (GR): spearman.

Z

Zeugitès (GR): ‘owner of span of oxen’; citizen owning enough to serve as a hoplite.
Zooiarchos (GR): elephant commander.
Zygios (GR): middle level oarsman on a trireme.
Zygon (GR): rank.

[The Blood of Dorus]

In Macedonia, there was a distinction between the real protectors (the hetairoi or 'companions') and the seven men who were merely called bodyguard (somatophylax) but were in fact adjutants.

In the third century, the title 'somatophylax' was given to high court officials. Higher officials could receive the rank of archisomatophylax, 'archbodyguard'.

Below are the names of the adjutants of Alexander the Great during his reign. Peucestas, who saved the king's life during the siege at Malli, was added as an eighth somatophylax.

336 BC - Arrybas Ptolemaeus Lysimachus Aristonus Balacrus Demetrius Peithon
335 BC - Arrybas Ptolemaeus Lysimachus Aristonus Balacrus Demetrius Peithon
334 BC - Arrybas Ptolemaeus Lysimachus Aristonus Balacrus Demetrius Peithon
333 BC - Arrybas Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Balacrus Demetrius Peithon
332 BC - Arrybas Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Menes Demetrius Peithon
331 BC - Leonnatus Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Menes Demetrius Peithon
330 BC - Leonnatus Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Perdiccas Demetrius Peithon
329 BC - Leonnatus Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus? Perdiccas Ptolemy Peithon
328 BC - Leonnatus Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Perdiccas Ptolemy Peithon
327 BC - Leonnatus Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Perdiccas Ptolemy Peithon
326 BC - Leonnatus Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Perdiccas Ptolemy Peithon Peucestas
325 BC - Leonnatus Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Perdiccas Ptolemy Peithon Peucestas
324 BC - Leonnatus Hephaestion Lysimachus Aristonus Perdiccas Ptolemy Peithon Peucestas
323 BC - Leonnatus Lysimachus Aristonus Perdiccas Ptolemy Peithon Peucestas

[akritas]

Nice mark BoD

[Kipros_Elliniki]

Very nice information in this topic

Can someone please remind me of the chant the phalangites said while moving with the sarisas? I remember that they said something, but it can't pop into my mind!

[Leonatos]

this thread is really very informative!
well done guys!

I found some good information in a book:

organisation of the macedonian army in Alexander's time:
basic unit 1 dekas=ten to sixteen men
16 dekades=1 lochos of 160 to 256 pezhetairoi under the command of a lochagos
4 lochoi=1 syntagma
6 lochoi= 1 taxis (about 1500 pezhetairoi) under the command of a taxiarches



Commanders of the six taxeis of the pezhetairoi (334-331)
Battle of Granicus 334 B.C.
right wing Perdiccas
Koinos
Amyntas
Philippos
Meleagros
left wing Krateros

Battle of Issos 333 B.C.

right wing Koinos
Perdiccas
Meleagros
Ptolemaios
Amyntas
left wing Krateros


Final battle
Battle of Gaugamela or Arbela 331 B.C.

right wing Koinos
Perdiccas
Meleagros
Polyperchon
Simmias
left wing Krateros
Commander of the 3 hiliarchies of the regular hypaspists(archihypaspistis): Nicanor son of Parmenion
First chiliarchy(1000 hypaspists) of the regular hypaspists:
Hiliarchos:Atarrhias
pentakosiarchoi: Amyntas and Theodotos

Second chiliarchy:
hiliarchos: Antigenis
pentakosiarchoi:Antigonos and Hellanikos

third chiliarchy:
hiliarchos:Philotas Augeos
pentakosiarchoi:Amyntas Lyncestis and ?(unknown)

Commander of the royal hypaspists(basilikoi hypaspistai):Hephaestion

[akritas]

Macedonian Officers and theirs names


The ‘Old Guard’
Attalos: Philip’s In-Law
Hegelochos son of Hippostratos: Conspirator
Parmenion son of Philotas : Philip’s General
Philotas son of Parmenion
Kleitos(Melas-Dark) son of Dropides
Kleitos (Lefkos-White)
Antipatros
Antigonos son of Philippos
Alketas son of Orontes and Perdikkas’ Brother
Amyntas son of Andromenes
Simmias son of Andromenes
Attalos
Polemon
Polyperchon son of Simmias
Koinos a son-in-law of Parmenion
Hephaistion
Leonnatos
Krateros

Etairoi-Companions
Erigyios son of Larichos
Laomedon son of Larichos
Harpalos son of Machatas
Ptolemy son of Lagos
Nearchos son of Androtimos

Somatophylakes
Admetos
Seleukos son of Antiochos
Ptolemaios
Arybbas
Demetrios
Menes son of Dionysios
Peukestas son of Alexandros
Lysimachos son of Agathokles
Aristonous son of Peisaios
Peithon son of Krateuas
Autodikos son of Agathokles
Amyntas son of Alexandros
Alexandros son of Polyperchon
Ptolemaios son of Ptolemaios
Philippos
Antikles
Antipatros
Aphthonetos
Aphthonios (Elaptonius)
Archedamos
Aretis
Charikles
Epimenes
Eurylochos
Excipinus
Gorgatas
Gorgias
Hekataios
Hermolaos
Iolaos
Metron
Philippos son of Antipatros
Philotas son of Karsis
Sostratos son of Amyntas
Alexandros
Charos
Hegesimachos (Simachos)
Limnaios
Nikanor
Pausanias
Pausanias of Orestis
Philippos son of Agathokles


Commanders of Regular Hypaspists
Nikanor son of Parmenion
Neoptolemos
Addaios
Timandros
Antiochos
Atarrhias son of Deinomenes
Philotas
Amyntas
Antigonos
Amyntas Lynkestes
Theodotos
Hellanikos

Commanders of the Argyraspids
Antigenes
Teutamos

Commanders of Infantry
Peithon son of Agenor
Gorgias
Philippos son of Amyntas
Philippos son of Balakros
Philotas
Philippos son of Machatas
Balakros
Attalos
Ptolemaios
Eudamos
Sitalkes
Balakros son of Amyntas
Karanos (Kalanos)
Eurybotas
Klearchos
Kleandros
Antiochos
Brison or Ombrion?
Tauron son of Machatas
Menandros
Kleandros son of Polemokrates
Andronikos son of Agerros
Menedemos

Commanders of Cavalry
Demetrios son of Althaimenes
Eumenes son of Hieronymos
Ariston
Glaukias
Herakleides son of Antiochos
Meleagros
Pantordanos son of Kleandros
Peroidas son of Menestheus
Sokrates son of Sathon
Sopolis son of Hermodoros
Amyntas son of Arrhabaios
Protomachos
Ariston
Kalas son of Harpalos
Alexandros son of Aëropos
Philippos son of Menelaos
Polydamas
Agathon son of Tyrimmas
Anaxippos
Menidas
Andromachos son of Hieron
Epokillos son of Polyeides

[Andrew]

Bravo re Akritako !

[Astoria]

Nice Akritas....but you forgot Aleksandar Makedonski son of Phillipovski and Olympianovski.

[akritas]

Dedicated to those that still doubt of the Macedonian Greekness, specially to the Badian team (Borza, Green and his colleagues) that avoid all these names and focus only to the....Royal court!!!
Macedonians had and have only Greek names.!!!

[kostas68]

Originally Posted by Astoria

Nice Akritas....but you forgot Aleksandar Makedonski son of Phillipovski and Olympianovski.

The correct name should be Olympiovskaya.
Anyway,it's amazing how the modern <Macedonians> turned their names from Antiochos,Ariston,Ptolemaios,to Vladimir,Stojan,Zhivko e.t.c.